Ongole

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District Headquarters of Prakasam dt

title: "Ongole" type: doc version: 1 created: 2026-02-28 author: "Wikipedia contributors" status: active scope: public tags: ["ongole", "cities-in-andhra-pradesh", "mandal-headquarters-in-prakasam-district", "district-headquarters-of-andhra-pradesh"] description: "District Headquarters of Prakasam dt" topic_path: "geography" source: "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ongole" license: "CC BY-SA 4.0" wikipedia_page_id: 0 wikipedia_revision_id: 0

::summary District Headquarters of Prakasam dt ::

::data[format=table title="Infobox settlement"]

Field	Value
name	Ongole
other_name	Ongolu
settlement_type	City
image_skyline	{{Photomontage
photo1a	Ongole Aerial View.jpg
photo2a	Kothapatnam Beach.jpg
photo2b	CSR Sarma College Cricket Ground.jpg
photo3a	Mallavaram Dam.jpg
photo4a	ABM Junior College Ground Ongole.jpg
spacing	1
space	2
position	center
color_border	white
color	black
size	250
image_caption	:Ongole Aerial View, Kothapatnam Beach, CSR Sarma Ground, Mallavaram Dam, ABM Junior College
mapframe	yes
mapframe-zoom	12
pushpin_map	India Andhra Pradesh
pushpin_map_caption	Location in Andhra Pradesh, India
pushpin_label
pushpin_label_position	right
coordinates
coordinates_footnotes	tags --
subdivision_type	Country
subdivision_name	India
subdivision_type1	State
subdivision_name1	Andhra Pradesh
subdivision_type2	District
subdivision_name2	Prakasam
established_title
established_date
established_title1	Incorporated (Municipality)
established_date1	1876
established_title2	Incorporated (Corporation)
established_date2	25 January 2012
parts_type	Wards
parts	50
government_footnotes
government_type	Mayor–Council
governing_body	Ongole Municipal Corporation
leader_title	Mayor
leader_title1	MLAs
leader_name1	Damacharla Janardhana Rao, (Telugu Desam Party)
leader_title2	MP
leader_name2	Magunta Sreenivasulu Reddy, (Telugu Desam Party)
leader_title3	Municipal commissioner
leader_name3	Kanthamaneni Sakunthala
unit_pref	Metric
area_footnotes
area_total_km2	132.45
area_metro_footnotes
population_as_of	2011
population_footnotes
population_total	252,739
population_density_km2	auto
population_blank1_title	Households
population_blank1	51768
population_note	Households
demographics_type1	Literacy
demographics1_title1	Literates
demographics1_info1
demographics1_title2	Literacy rate
demographics1_info2	83.04%
demographics_type2	Languages
demographics2_title1	Official
demographics2_info1	Telugu
timezone1	IST
utc_offset1	+5:30
postal_code_type	PIN
postal_code	523001, 523002, 523286
area_code_type
area_code	+91–8592
registration_plate_type	Vehicle registration
registration_plate	AP
website
::

| name = Ongole | other_name = Ongolu | settlement_type = City | image_skyline = {{Photomontage | photo1a = Ongole Aerial View.jpg | photo2a = Kothapatnam Beach.jpg | photo2b = CSR Sarma College Cricket Ground.jpg | photo3a = Mallavaram Dam.jpg | photo4a = ABM Junior College Ground Ongole.jpg | spacing = 1 | space = 2 | position = center | color_border = white | color = black | size = 250 | image_caption = :Ongole Aerial View, Kothapatnam Beach, CSR Sarma Ground, Mallavaram Dam, ABM Junior College

Ongole (), natively known as Ongolu, is a city in Prakasam district of the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh. It is the headquarters of Prakasam district. It is known for Ongole cattle, an indigenous breed of oxen.

Etymology

The name "Ongole" is believed to be derived from the word "Vangaprolu," which later evolved into "Vangavolu," and then to modern "Ongolu." Prōlu meant "town" in Old Telugu.

History

The city's history dates back to 230 BCE, with the era of the Mauryas and Satavahanas, who ruled most of what is now Andhra Pradesh. A few inscriptions dating to the Satavahana period have been found in Chinaganjam, a village near Ongole. According to the historical inscriptions found at the Sri Raja Rajeswara Swami Temple complex, the city was founded by the Cholas. Ongole was also mentioned in the inscriptions of the Pallava rulers pertaining to the third and fourth century CE. The city was also ruled over by Krishna Deva Raya. This place returned into the limelight during the Kakatiya dynasty, where the nearby towns of Motupalli and Vodarevu served as significant seaports. The final Indian dynasty to rule over the Ongole region, prior to the British, was the Mandapati dynasty (zamindars).

The Kaasi Visweswara Swami, Chenna Kesava Swami, and Veeranjaneya Swami temples were constructed in the early 17th century by King Vankayalapati mantri and his army general.

The oldest educational institution in the city, the Andhra Baptist Mission High School, was established in the late 19th century by American Baptist missionaries. Jewett Memorial Baptist Church was built in 1866.

Ongole district came into existence on 2 February 1970, carving out portions of Markapur revenue division from Kurnool, Ongole revenue division from Guntur, and Kandukur revenue division from Nellore districts. It was renamed Prakasam district in 1972, in memory of freedom fighter, later Chief Minister of the composite Madras State and the first Chief Minister of Andhra Pradesh, Tanguturi Prakasam. Tangaturi was born in Vinodarayunipalem, a hamlet of Kanuparthi village, located in Naguluppalapadu mandal of the same district.

Geography

Ongole is located at 15.5°N 80.05°E. It has an average elevation of 10 m (33 ft) AMSL and is situated on plains. The city is around 149 km to the southwest of Amaravati, the state capital.

Climate

Summer temperatures reach as high as 44 C between March and May. The city receives a lot of rain in the monsoons. The annual average rainfall is approximately 794.5 mm. Winter months are typically dry, with little to no rainfall. The average annual temperature is 24.5 C. Cyclones occur more commonly between October and December.

| location = Ongole (1991–2020, extremes 1944–2020) | metric first = Y | single line = Y | Jan record high C = 36.5 | Feb record high C = 38.3 | Mar record high C = 43.3 | Apr record high C = 44.7 | May record high C = 47.4 | Jun record high C = 47.2 | Jul record high C = 41.8 | Aug record high C = 40.2 | Sep record high C = 41.0 | Oct record high C = 39.5 | Nov record high C = 36.2 | Dec record high C = 33.9 | year record high C = 47.4 | Jan high C = 30.9 | Feb high C = 32.5 | Mar high C = 34.7 | Apr high C = 36.4 | May high C = 39.8 | Jun high C = 38.0 | Jul high C = 35.7 | Aug high C = 35.0 | Sep high C = 34.8 | Oct high C = 33.3 | Nov high C = 31.5 | Dec high C = 30.8 | year high C = 34.4 | Jan low C = 20.3 | Feb low C = 21.8 | Mar low C = 24.1 | Apr low C = 26.3 | May low C = 28.2 | Jun low C = 28.1 | Jul low C = 27.0 | Aug low C = 26.5 | Sep low C = 26.0 | Oct low C = 24.9 | Nov low C = 22.7 | Dec low C = 20.7 | year low C = 24.7 | Jan record low C = 14.0 | Feb record low C = 14.4 | Mar record low C = 17.5 | Apr record low C = 19.4 | May record low C = 16.1 | Jun record low C = 22.4 | Jul record low C = 21.2 | Aug record low C = 21.3 | Sep record low C = 21.3 | Oct record low C = 18.3 | Nov record low C = 16.2 | Dec record low C = 15.1 | year record low C = 14.0 | rain colour = green | Jan rain mm = 13.1 | Feb rain mm = 5.2 | Mar rain mm = 9.2 | Apr rain mm = 17.7 | May rain mm = 58.7 | Jun rain mm = 61.6 | Jul rain mm = 84.2 | Aug rain mm = 121.0 | Sep rain mm = 145.8 | Oct rain mm = 225.9 | Nov rain mm = 156.2 | Dec rain mm = 24.9 | year rain mm = 923.5 | Jan rain days = 0.9 | Feb rain days = 0.8 | Mar rain days = 0.2 | Apr rain days = 0.8 | May rain days = 2.2 | Jun rain days = 3.7 | Jul rain days = 6.4 | Aug rain days = 7.4 | Sep rain days = 6.7 | Oct rain days = 8.5 | Nov rain days = 5.6 | Dec rain days = 1.7 | year rain days = 44.8 |time day = 17:30 IST | Jan humidity = 60 | Feb humidity = 57 | Mar humidity = 57 | Apr humidity = 60 | May humidity = 51 | Jun humidity = 47 | Jul humidity = 51 | Aug humidity = 55 | Sep humidity = 61 | Oct humidity = 68 | Nov humidity = 68 | Dec humidity = 63 |year humidity = 58 |source 1 = India Meteorological Department{{cite web | url = https://imdpune.gov.in/library/public/Climatological%20Tables%201991-2020.pdf | title = Climatological Tables of Observatories in India 1991-2020 | publisher = India Meteorological Department | access-date = April 8, 2024 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200205040301/http://imdpune.gov.in/library/public/1981-2010%20CLIM%20NORMALS%20%28STATWISE%29.pdf | archive-date = 5 February 2020 | url = https://imdpune.gov.in/library/public/1981-2010%20CLIM%20NORMALS%20%28STATWISE%29.pdf | title = Station: Ongole Climatological Table 1981–2010 | work = Climatological Normals 1981–2010 | publisher = India Meteorological Department | date = January 2015 | pages = 571–572 | access-date = 19 February 2020}} | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200205042509/http://imdpune.gov.in/library/public/EXTREMES%20OF%20TEMPERATURE%20and%20RAINFALL%20upto%202012.pdf | archive-date = 5 February 2020 | url = https://imdpune.gov.in/library/public/EXTREMES%20OF%20TEMPERATURE%20and%20RAINFALL%20upto%202012.pdf | title = Extremes of Temperature & Rainfall for Indian Stations (Up to 2012) | publisher = India Meteorological Department | date = December 2016 | page = M17 | access-date = 19 February 2020}}

Demographics

According to the 2011 Census of India, the city had a population of 252,739. The sex ratio of 994 females per 1000 males is higher than the national average of 940 per 1000. 19,744 children are in the age group of 0–6 years, of which 10,228 are boys and 9,516 are girls, with a ratio of 935 per 1000. The average literacy rate stands at 83.04% with 153,628 literates, significantly higher than the state average of 67.41%.

Governance

Civic administration and politics

::figure[src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/59/Community_Hall,_Santhapeta,_Ongole.jpg" caption="Community Hall, Ongole"] ::

It is constituted as a municipality in 1876, and was upgraded to a municipal corporation on 25 January 2012. The jurisdiction of the corporation is spread over an area of 132.45 km2, with 50 election wards. The agglomerated villages that were merged into Ongole corporation were: Cheruvukommupalem, Throvagunta, Muktinuthalapadu, Dasarajupalli, Koppolu, Narasapuram Agraharam, Pellur, Pernamitta, and Vengamukkapalem.

The city is part of Ongole assembly constituency and Ongole Lok Sabha constituency. Damacharla Janardhan Rao is the current MLA of the constituency, pertaining to the Telugu Desam Party. The constituency is a part of Ongole (Lok Sabha constituency) which was won by Magunta Sreenivasulu Reddy of the Telugu Desam Party.

Economy

::figure[src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/cc/The_Ongole_Bull_of_Moses.jpg" caption="The Ongole Bull (Ongole Gittha)"] ::

Agriculture is the primary industry of Ongole. The city is a major center for tobacco trading in Andhra Pradesh.

Ongole bulls () are a breed of oxen that are exported to many countries. The Brahman bull in the United States, is an off breed of the Ongole. Ongole Island, in Malaysia, holds many Ongole oxen. The population of Zebu off-breed descended animals in Brazil, which contain a large Ongole component, was over 100 million in 1995. The original breed of Ongole stud bulls are found in a small region around Ongole town between the Gundlakamma and Musi rivers.

Transport

::figure[src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6e/Ongole_railway_station.jpg" caption="Ongole railway station"] ::

National Highway 16, a part of Golden Quadrilateral highway network, bypasses the city. National Highway 216 connects the city with Kathipudi. The city has a total road length of 738.50 km. Ongole bus station is owned and operated by the Andhra Pradesh State Road Transport Corporation. The station is also equipped with a bus depot. The 'Passengers Delight Oroject' was implemented at the bus station for improving cleanliness and modernizing it.

Ongole railway station was established as part of Nellore - Krishna Canal section on 20 December 1898 by the Madras and Southern Mahratta Railway System. It is categorized as a Non-Suburban Grade-3 (NSG-3) station in the Vijayawada railway division.

Education

Education is imparted through government and private institutions. Several aided schools decided to become private schools or close down after transferring the staff to the government, when the government decided to stop giving aid. English became the medium of instruction for primary schools in the academic year 2020–21.

Some of the famous educational institutes include Rajiv Gandhi Institute of Medical Sciences (RIMS), QIS College of Engineering and Technology, QIS Institute of Technology, RISE Groups of Institutions, Indira Priyadarshini Law College, Prakasam Engineering College, and the Pace Institute of Technology and Sciences.

The city is the headquarters of Andhra Kesari University, a public university established on 11 January 2022.

Sports

The PDCA-CSR Sarma College Ground is one of the home grounds of the Andhra cricket team, with a first-class cricket status and hosts Ranji Trophy matches. The ground has recorded the first ever triple century by a wicket keeper in Ranji Trophy, achieved by Srikar Bharat of the Andhra cricket team. The police parade grounds hosted the first state-level Girl Football Tournament in October 2016.

Tourism

::figure[src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/ba/Kothapatnam-beach.jpg" caption="Boats near Kothapatnam beach"] ::

Multiple places of tourist interest include: Kothapatnam beach (approx. 17 km away), Valluramma temple at Valluru (about 11 km away) and the Gundlakamma Reservoir Project at Mallavaram (approx. 20 km away.)

Sister cities

Ongole is twinned with:

Uberaba, Brazil

References

(5 June 2019). "Ongole Municipal Corporation publishes voter classification list". The Hans India.
"Municipality Profile".
(2011). "District Census Hand Book : Prakasam (Part B)". Directorate of Census Operations, Andhra Pradesh.
"Population statistics". The Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India.
"Statistical Abstract of Andhra Pradesh, 2015". Government of Andhra Pradesh.
"Part III, District and Sub-District (Mandals)". The Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India.
(25 May 2007). "Fears of severe Rohini karte dispelled". The Hindu.
(2019-05-07). "Nellore and Ongole record season's highest temperatures".
(7 September 2024). "Swachh Vayu Sarvekshan 2024".
"Sex Ratio". The Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India.
"Census 2011". The Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India.
"Literacy of AP (Census 2011)". Official Portal of Andhra Pradesh Government.
"About Ongole Municipal Corporation".
(27 February 2019). "Statistical Information of ULBs and UDAs". Government of Andhra Pradesh.
(17 December 2018). "Delimitation of Parliamentary and Assembly Constituencies Order, 2008". National Informatics Centre.
"MLA". AP State Portal.
"Delimitation of Parliamentary and Assembly Constituencies Order, 2008". Election Commission of India.
"Breeds of Cattle: Nelore Cattle".
"National Highways Development Project Map".
"List of National Highways passing through A.P. State". Government of Andhra Pradesh.
"DETAILS OF ROADS IN EACH ULB OF ANDHRA PRADESH".
"Bus Stations in Districts".
(3 November 2015). "Ongole bus station to get five new platforms". The Hindu.
"Depot Name".
(7 January 2016). "RTC on 'passengers' delight' mission". The Hindu.
[https://archive.org/stream/BombayBarodaAndCentralIndiaRailwaySystem/Bombay_Baroda_And_Central_India_Railway_System#page/n90/mode/1up “Administration Report on Railways 1918” page 82 (pdf 90) ]; Retrieved 24 Dec 2017
"Stations – Category-wise (NEW)".
(2021-09-28). "Ongole : Future of poor students hangs in balance as govt absorbs aided staff". The Hans India.
(12 July 2013). "QIS College of Engineering & Technology :: Ongole". Qiscet.edu.in.
"Welcome to RISE groups of institutions". RISE Group.
(6 April 2013). "Prakasam Engineering College". Prakasamec.com.
"State assembly passes bill to establish two universities". The New Indian Express.
(31 October 2014). "Ongole to host Ranji match". The Hindu.
(12 January 2015). "Ongole cricket stadium (Sarma college grounds), a feather in ACA's cap". The Hindu.
(12 February 2015). "Srikar Bharat – First wicketkeeper to score a triple century in Ranji Trophy". Cricket Country.
(6 October 2016). "First state-level girl football tournament at Ongole". The Hans India.
(2017-06-22). "Câmara aprova Uberaba como Cidade Irmã de duas cidades indianas". Uberaba.

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