Karin dialect

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Western Armenian dialect

title: "Karin dialect" type: doc version: 1 created: 2026-02-28 author: "Wikipedia contributors" status: active scope: public tags: ["armenian-language", "armenian-dialects"] description: "Western Armenian dialect" topic_path: "general/armenian-language" source: "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karin_dialect" license: "CC BY-SA 4.0" wikipedia_page_id: 0 wikipedia_revision_id: 0

::summary Western Armenian dialect ::

::data[format=table title="Infobox language"]

FieldValue
nameKarin
altnameErzurum, Erzerum
nativenameԿարնոյ բարբառ,
statesTurkey
regionErzurum and surrounding villages
ethnicityArmenians
familycolorIndo-European
fam2Armenian
fam3Western
scriptArmenian alphabet
iso3none
iso3comment(included in [hyw])
glottokari1302
glottorefnameKarin
linglisthye-kan
mapFile:Armenian dialects, Adjarian 1909.png
mapcaption
map2Կարնո բարբառը.png
mapcaption2The spread of the Karin dialect

| | {{legend inline|#228B22|today<ref name | "Mesropyan"}} not all areas where the Karin dialect was/is spoken had/have Armenian majority | ::

| name = Karin | altname = Erzurum, Erzerum | nativename = Կարնոյ բարբառ, | states = Turkey | region = Erzurum and surrounding villages | ethnicity = Armenians | familycolor = Indo-European | fam2 = Armenian | fam3 = Western | script = Armenian alphabet | iso3 = none | iso3comment = (included in [hyw]) | glotto = kari1302 | glottorefname = Karin | linglist = hye-kan | map = File:Armenian dialects, Adjarian 1909.png | mapcaption = | map2 = Կարնո բարբառը.png | mapcaption2 = The spread of the Karin dialect

not all areas where the Karin dialect was/is spoken had/have Armenian majority

The Karin dialect (, Karno barbař) is a Western Armenian dialect originally spoken in and around the city of Erzurum (called Karin by Armenians), now located in eastern Turkey.

Before World War I, the Karin dialect was spoken by the local Armenian populations in much of the Erzurum Vilayet of the Ottoman Empire and Kars Oblast of the Russian Empire. After the Armenian genocide of 1915, most of Erzurum's Armenian population took refuge to the Russian-controlled parts of Armenia. The city of Kars and its Russian oblast became part of the First Republic of Armenia in 1918, but was occupied by Kemalist Turkey as a result of the Turkish–Armenian War in fall 1920.

Today, it is one of the most widely spoken Western Armenian dialects, most of which became virtually extinct after the genocide. Nowadays, it is spoken in the northwest of Armenia (in and around the city of Gyumri) and by the Armenian minority in Georgia's Samtskhe-Javakheti province.

History

According to Prof. Haykanush Mesropyan of the Armenian State Institute of Linguistics, the first reference to the provincial dialect (զբառսն զեզերականս) dates back to the 8th century work by Stepanos Syunetsi, who refers to it as զՍպերացն zSperatsn "of Sper". The dialect was also mentioned in the 13th century by Hovhannes Yerznkatsi and in the 17th century by Hakob Karnetsi. In 1887, Alexander Thomson, in his Linguistic studies (Лингвистические исследования) briefly discussed the Akhaltsikhe dialect.

Area spoken

| footer = | align = right | caption_align = center | image1 = Erzerum 1901.jpg | width1 = 150 | caption1 = Erzerum population: 60,000 25% Armenian (1909) | image2 = Kars early 20th century.jpg | width2 = 155 | caption2 = Kars population: 21,000 50% Armenian (1897) | image3 = Alexandropol 1901.jpg | width3 = 150 | caption3 = Alexandropol population: 31,000 70% Armenian (1897) | image4 = Akhaltsikhe (19th century).jpg | width4 = 160 | caption4 = Akhaltsikhe population: 15,000 60% Armenian (1897) According to the prominent Armenian linguist Hrachia Adjarian's 1909 book Classification des dialectes arméniens, Karin dialect was spoken in the cities of Erzurum (which he refers to as the dialectal center), Kars (both large cities in eastern Turkey today), Alexandropol and Akhaltsikh. After the 1828–29 and 1877–78 Russo-Turkish Wars, Armenians from the Erzurum region migrated to the Russian-controlled Eastern Armenia. They mostly settled in Javakheti (in and around the cities of Akhalkalaki and Akhaltsikhe) and Shirak.

Today

In the Republic of Armenia, Karin dialect is chiefly spoken in the cities of Gyumri, Artik, Akhuryan and Aghin, all in Shirak Province (in around 130 villages). It is spoken in the western parts of the Aragatsotn Province: mainly in the city of Talin and villages of Aragats and Nor Artik. Residents of three villages in northern Aragatsotn (Geghadzor, Lernapar, Geghadir) also speak in Karin dialect. Karin dialect is spoken in the villages of Martuni (Gegharkunik), Urtsadzor (Ararat), Buzhakan and Kaputan in Kotayk.

The Karin dialect is also spoken by the Armenians in Samtskhe-Javakheti province of Georgia.

Pronunciation

Hrachia Adjarian called the pronunciation of Karin dialect "soft and pleasing." According to him, the dialect has three degrees of consonants, mutated as follows: ::data[format=table]

ջ—ճ—չ
::

Famous speakers

References

;Notes

;Bibliography

References

  1. Mesropyan, Haykanush. "Հայրենակցական միութիւնները և հայերէնի բարբառները ''(Patriotic associations and Armenian dialects)''". Armenian State Institute of Linguistics.
  2. Keith Brown, Sarah Ogvile. (2009). "Concise Encyclopedia of Languages of the World". Elsevier.
  3. (2003). "Armenian Karin/Erzerum". Mazda Publ..
  4. (16 July 2010). "Alexander Thomson, a prominent Russian linguist and the first phonetics researcher in Odessa, was born 150 years ago". The press service of the I.I. Mechnikov Odessa National University.
  5. Hakobyan, Tadevos. (1987). "Պատմական Հայաստանի քաղաքները ''(Cities of historical Armenia)''". "Hayastan" Publishing.
  6. "city of Kars". [[1897 Russian Census]] Demoscope Weekly.
  7. "city of Alexandropol". [[1897 Russian Census]] Demoscope Weekly.
  8. "city of Akhaltsikh". [[1897 Russian Census]] Demoscope Weekly.
  9. Panossian, Razmik. (2006). "The Armenians from kings and priests to merchants and commissars". Hurst & Co..
  10. Simonian, Hovann. (2004). "The Hemshin: History, Society and Identity in the Highlands of Northeast Turkey". Psychology Press.
  11. Baghdassarian-Thapaltsian, S. H.. (1970). "OA Portal in Armenia". Bulletin of Social Sciences.
  12. "Armenian Dialects".

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