Grammitis

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Genus of plants

title: "Grammitis" type: doc version: 1 created: 2026-02-28 author: "Wikipedia contributors" status: active scope: public tags: ["grammitis", "fern-genera", "taxonomy-articles-created-by-polbot", "taxa-described-in-1801", "taxa-named-by-olof-swartz"] description: "Genus of plants" topic_path: "general/grammitis" source: "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grammitis" license: "CC BY-SA 4.0" wikipedia_page_id: 0 wikipedia_revision_id: 0

::summary Genus of plants ::

| image = Finger Fern Grammitis billardierei - Mt Imlay.jpg | image_caption = Grammitis billardierei | taxon = Grammitis | authority = O. Swartz | type_species = Grammitis marginella | type_species_authority = (O. Swartz) O. Swartz | subdivision_ranks = Species | subdivision = See text |synonyms={{collapsible list|bullets=true |title=Synonymy |Acrosorus Copel. |Adenophorus Gaudich. |Aenigmatogrammitis Parris |Alansmia M.Kessler, Moguel, Sundue & Labiak |Amphoradenium Desv. |Archigrammitis Parris |Ascogrammitis Sundue |Boonkerdia Li Bing Zhang, Pollawatn, X.M.Zhou & Liang Zhang |Calligrammitis Parris, Sundue, Li Bing Zhang, X.M.Zhou & Ralf Knapp |Calymmodon C.Presl |Ceradenia L.E.Bishop |Chilopteris (C.Presl) Lindl. |Chrysogrammitis Parris |Cochlidium Kaulf. |Cryptosorus Fée |Ctenopterella Parris |Ctenopteris Blume ex Kunze |Dasygrammitis Parris |Devolia Li Bing Zhang, X.M.Zhou, Jian Jun Yang & Ralf Knapp |Enterosora Baker |Galactodenia Sundue & Labiak |Glabrigrammitis Li Bing Zhang, X.M.Zhou, Jian Jun Yang & Parris |Glyphotaenium (J.Sm.) J.Sm. |Grammitastrum (E.Fourn.) Parris, Sundue, Li Bing Zhang & X.M.Zhou |Howeogrammitis Parris, Sundue, Li Bing Zhang & X.M.Zhou |Lellingeria A.R.Sm. & R.C.Moran |Leucotrichum Labiak |Lomaphlebia J.Sm. |Luisma M.T.Murillo & A.R.Sm. |Melpomene A.R.Sm. & R.C.Moran |Micropolypodium Hayata |Micropteris Desv. |Moranopteris R.Y.Hirai & J.Prado |Mycopteris Sundue |Nanogrammitis Parris, Li Bing Zhang, X.M.Zhou & Liang Zhang |Nematopteris Alderw. |Notogrammitis Parris |Oreogrammitis Copel. |Oxygrammitis Parris & Sundue |Parrisia Shalisko & Sundue |Plectopteris Fée |Pleurogramma J.Sm. |Pleurogramme (Blume) C.Presl |Prosaptia C.Presl |Radiogrammitis Parris |Rouhania Li Bing Zhang, X.M.Zhou, Jian Jun Yang & Liang Zhang |Scleroglossum Alderw. |Stenofilix Nakai |Stenogrammitis Labiak |Terpsichore A.R.Sm. |Thalassogrammitis Parris, Sundue, Li Bing Zhang & X.M.Zhou |Themelium (T.Moore) Parris |Tomophyllum (E.Fourn.) Parris |Xiphopterella Parris |Xiphopteris Kaulf. |Zygophlebia L.E.Bishop |synonyms_ref =

Grammitis (dwarf polypody) is a genus of ferns in the family Polypodiaceae, subfamily Grammitidoideae, according to the Pteridophyte Phylogeny Group classification of 2016 (PPG I).

The delimitation of Grammitis was drastically narrowed in the first decade of the 21st century. It now contains about 25 species. In 2003, a study of the distribution of grammitid ferns placed 11 species in the New World, 7 in Africa, and 4 in the Pacific.

The genus Grammitis was established by Olof Swartz around 1801. (sources vary on the exact date). The name is derived from Greek, gramma, grammatos meaning "a line or thread" and refers to the arrangement of the sori in some species. The type species for Grammitis is Grammitis marginella.

The only known fossil of a grammitid fern has been named Grammitis succinea, but it is not clear that it belongs to Grammitis as more recently defined. It was found in Oligocene amber from the Dominican Republic.

Circumscription

In a treatment of Grammitidaceae in 1990, Barbara S. Parris defined Grammitis broadly, to include about 400 species. At that time, she stated that "The treatment of Grammitis here as a large and diverse genus reflects our current lack of knowledge concerning relationships within the family". Other authors at that time circumscribed Grammitis more narrowly, to include about 200 species.

Since about 2003, Grammitis has been understood as a genus of about 25 species with the other species to be eventually transferred to other genera, most of them new or resurrected. Grammitis sensu strictissimo (about 25 species) is distinguished by its black, sclerified leaf margins. It is sister to the monophyletic genus Cochlidium.

In 2004, Grammitis was shown to be polyphyletic if broadly circumscribed. Grammitis tenella had been shown to be closely related to Adenophorus in 2003, and the new combination Adenophorus tenellus was published in 2008. Several species formerly in Grammitis have been transferred to Oreogrammitis. These include Oreogrammitis clemensiae, Oreogrammitis hookeri, and others. The genera Ctenopterella, Dasygrammitis, Radiogrammitis, Tomophyllum, and Xiphopterella were established in 2007 and some of these contain species that were formerly in Grammitis. Lellingeria tomensis was moved out of Grammitis to Lellingeria in 2004. Transfers to other genera have also been made. The classification of Grammitis basalis, Grammitis recondita, and others remains undecided.

Plants of the World Online circumscribes Grammitis broadly, with 700 species and 56 generic synonyms.

Species

The species list is incomplete and may contain synonyms. It was originally based on two very old sources.

|Polypodium basale|Maxon ex C.V.Morton 1962}} |Polypodium billardierei|C.Chr. 1906}} |Grammitis haplophlebica|(A.C.Sm.) Vareschi 1969 |Polypodium haplophlebicum|A.C. Sm. 1931 |Polypodium bryophilum|Maxon 1926}} |Grammitis pseudomarginella|(Bonap.) Copel. 1952}} |Polypodium leptopodon|C.H. Wright 1901}} |Grammitis nigrolimbata|(Spruce ex Jenman) Lellinger 1977 |Polypodium hessii|Maxon 1915 |Polypodium limbatum|(Fée) Maxon 1915 |Polypodium nigrolimbatum|Spruce ex Jenman 1897 (nom. illeg.) |Grammitis nigrolimbata|Spruce ex Hook. 1862 (nom. inval., nom. nud.)}} |Mecosorus marginellus|(Sw.) Klotzsch 1847 |Polypodium marginellum|Sw. 1788}} |Polypodium marginelloides|J.W. Moore 1933}} |Polypodium melanoloma|(Boiv.) Cordem. 1891}} |Polypodium microglossum|C.Chr. 1932}} |Polypodium poeppigianum|Mett. 1857}} |Polypodium vaupelii|Brause 1922}}

Transferred species

|Grammitis tenella|Kaulf. 1824 |Polypodium pseudogrammitis|Gaudich. 1827}}

References

References

  1. "''Grammitis'' Sw.". [[Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew]].
  2. It had formerly been placed in the family [[Grammitidaceae]], but this family is no longer recognized by most authors because [[phylogenetic]] analyses of [[DNA sequence]]s have shown that it is [[Paraphyly
  3. Barbara S. Parris. 2003. "The distribution of Grammitidaceae (Filicales) inside and outside Malesia". ''Telopea'' '''10'''(2):451-466.
  4. Olof Swartz. about 1801. "Genera et Species Filicum" In: ''Schrader's Journal für die Botanik''. page 17. (see ''External links'' below).
  5. Umberto Quattrocchi. 2000. ''CRC World Dictionary of Plant Names'' volume II. CRC Press: Boca Raton; New York; Washington, DC; USA. London, UK. {{ISBN. 978-0-8493-2676-9 (vol II). (see ''External links'' below).
  6. David J. Mabberley. 2008. ''Mabberley's Plant-Book'' third edition (2008). Cambridge University Press: UK. {{ISBN. 978-0-521-82071-4
  7. Barbara S. Parris. 1990. "Grammitidaceae" pages 153-157. In: Klaus Kubitzki (general editor); Karl U. Kramer and Peter S. Green (volume editors) ''The Families and Genera of Vascular Plants'' volume I. Springer-Verlag: Berlin;Heidelberg, Germany. {{ISBN. 978-0-387-51794-0
  8. Tom A. Ranker. 2008. "A New Combination in ''Adenophorus'' (Polypodiaceae)". ''American Fern Journal'' '''98'''(3):170-177.
  9. Tom A. Ranker, Alan R. Smith, Barbara S. Parris, Jennifer M.O. Geiger, Christopher H. Haufler, Shannon C.K. Straub, and Harald Schneider. 2004. "Phylogeny and evolution of grammitid ferns (Grammitidaceae): a case of rampant morphological homoplasy". ''Taxon'' '''53'''(2):415-428.
  10. Tom A. Ranker, Jennifer M.O. Geiger, S.C. Kennedy, Alan R. Smith, Christopher H. Haufler, and Barbara S. Parris. 2003. "Molecular phylogenetics and evolution of the endemic Hawaiian genus ''Adenophorus'' (Grammitidaceae)" ''Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution'' '''26'''(3):337-347.
  11. Barbara S. Parris. 2007. "Five new genera and three new species of Grammitidaceae (Filicales) and the re-establishment of Oreogrammitis". ''Gardens' Bulletin. Singapore'' '''58'''(2):233-274.
  12. Barbara S. Parris. 2004. "New combinations in ''Acrosorus, Lellingeria, Prosaptia'', and ''Themelium'' (Grammitidaceae: Filicales)" ''Kew Bulletin'' '''59'''(2):223-225.
  13. [[Edwin B. Copeland]]. 1956. Key to Subgenus Melanoloma page 253. In: "Grammitis" pages 93-278. In: ''Philippine Journal of Science'' 80(2).
  14. L. Earl Bishop. 1977. "The American Species of ''Grammitis'' Sect. Grammitis". ''American Fern Journal'' '''67'''(4):101-106.
  15. PPG I. (2016). "A community-derived classification for extant lycophytes and ferns". Journal of Systematics and Evolution.

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