GM Ecotec engine
title: "GM Ecotec engine" type: doc version: 1 created: 2026-02-28 author: "Wikipedia contributors" status: active scope: public tags: ["general-motors-engines", "opel-engines", "chevrolet-engines", "vauxhall-engines", "buick-engines", "cadillac-engines", "gasoline-engines-by-model", "straight-four-engines"] topic_path: "general/general-motors-engines" source: "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GM_Ecotec_engine" license: "CC BY-SA 4.0" wikipedia_page_id: 0 wikipedia_revision_id: 0
::data[format=table title="Infobox automobile engine"]
| Field | Value |
|---|---|
| name | Generation I |
| production | 1999–2012 |
| fuelsystem | {{ubl |
| fueltype | {{ubl |
| displacement | {{ubl |
| {{cvt | 1998 |
| {{cvt | 2198 |
| bore | 86 mm |
| stroke | {{ubl |
| compression | {{ubl |
| length | 665 mm |
| width | 642 mm |
| height | 655 mm |
| weight | 139 - |
| :: |
The GM Ecotec engine, also known by its codename L850, is a family of inline-four engines, displacing between 1.2 and 2.5 litres. Confusingly, the Ecotec name was also applied to both the Buick V6 Engine when used in Holden Vehicles, as well as the final DOHC derivatives of the previous GM Family II engine; the architecture was substantially re-engineered for this new Ecotec application produced since 2000. This engine family replaced the GM Family II engine, the GM 122 engine, the Saab H engine, and the Quad 4 engine. It is manufactured in multiple locations, to include Spring Hill Manufacturing, in Spring Hill, Tennessee, with engine blocks and cylinder heads cast at Saginaw Metal Casting Operations in Saginaw, Michigan.
Generation I
| name = Generation I | aka = | production = 1999–2012 | fuelsystem = {{ubl | Sequential multi-point fuel injection | Gasoline direct injection | fueltype = {{ubl | Gasoline | CNG | E85 | image = | displacement = {{ubl | 1998 cc | 2198 cc | bore = 86 mm | stroke = {{ubl | 86 mm | 94.6 mm | compression = {{ubl | 8.8:1 | 9.5:1 | 10.0:1 | management = | power = | specpower = | torque = | length = 665 mm | width = 642 mm | height = 655 mm | weight = 139 - The "Ecotec" name was adopted in 1994 for the new generation of Family II engines (2000 in North America) . The name was already used for the Opel GM Family II engine, Family 1 and Family 0 ranges. GM intended this new Ecotec to become its global 4-cylinder, and it has already fully replaced their OHV I4 line.
The Ecotec engine is a DOHC 4-valve design with a lost foam cast aluminium block and head (L850 for 86 mm bore applications, and L880 for 88 mm bore), designed for displacements from 1.8 to 2.4 L. Development began in 1994, by an international team of engineers and technicians from Opel's International Technical Development Center in Rüsselsheim, Germany, GM Powertrain in Pontiac, Michigan, and Saab in Södertälje, Sweden. Much of the development work on this project was carried out by Lotus Engineering, Hethel, United Kingdom. The engine uses aluminium pistons and cast iron cylinder liners. Vibration is reduced with twin balance shafts.
The first engine in the Ecotec Gen I line-up was Ecotec 2.2 L61, introduced in May 1999.
The current Ecotec line is manufactured in Tonawanda, New York.
2.0
{{anchor|Z20NET}} LK9
::figure[src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/19/gm_ecotec_LK9_saab93.jpg" caption="Saab 9-3 2.0T"] ::
This engine is also known as B207 when used by Saab and Z20NET by Opel for use in the Vectra C and Signum.
LK9 is a turbocharged 1998 cc version of the L850 (86 mm bore) series Ecotec utilizing an all-new reinforced sand cast aluminium cylinder head and upgraded internal components. The engine features a five-bearing forged steel crankshaft, strengthened connecting rods, redesigned pistons, piston oil cooling jets, reprofiled camshafts and an integrated oil cooler. The exhaust valves are liquid sodium-cooled. All vehicles using this engine feature Saab's Trionic 8 (T8) engine management system as well as a revised valve train. The timing chain and timing gears are also new, along with Saab's Direct Ignition system. The reinforcements, turbocharging, intercooling, internals, dual overhead camshaft, and such were developed by GM Powertrain Sweden (Saab Automobile Powertrain). It features an 86 mm bore and stroke and a 9.5:1 compression ratio. Maximum power is 210 hp at 5300 rpm and 221 lbft of torque at 2500 rpm. Maximum boost is 12.3 psi.
Applications:
- 2003–2014 Saab 9-3 – B207E, B207L, B207R
- 2003–2008 Opel Vectra – Z20NET (rebadged B207L)
- 2003–2008 Opel Signum – Z20NET (rebadged B207L)
- 2006–2010 Cadillac BLS – B207L, B207R
::data[format=table]
| Model | Years | Power | Torque | Turbocharger | Boost Pressure |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1.8t (B207E) | 2003–2006 | 110 kW @ 5500 rpm | 240 Nm @ 2000–3500 rpm | {{ubl | Low-pressure |
| 1.8t (B207E) | 2006–2012 | 110 kW @ 5500 rpm | 240 Nm @ 2000–3500 rpm | {{ubl | Low-pressure |
| 2.0t (B207L) | 2003–2006 | 129 kW @ 5500 rpm | 265 Nm @ 2500–4000 rpm | {{ubl | Mid-pressure |
| 2.0t (B207L) | 2006–2012 | 129 kW @ 5500 rpm | 265 Nm @ 2500–4000 rpm | {{ubl | Mid-pressure |
| 2.0T (B207R) | 2003–2014 | 154.5 kW @ 5300 rpm | 300 Nm @ 2500–4000 rpm | {{ubl | High-pressure |
| :: |
LSJ
::figure[src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ec/2006_Saturn_Ion_Red_Line_engine.jpg" caption="Saturn Ion Red Line"] ::
The LSJ is a supercharged version of the LK9 Ecotec 1998 cc with an Eaton M62 Roots-type supercharger and air-to-liquid intercooler. The LSJ shares many of its components with the LK9 such as: piston cooling jets, oil cooler, pistons, connecting rods, crankshaft, oil pan, sodium-filled exhaust valves and cylinder head. It is rated at 205 hp at 5600 rpm and 200 lbft at 4400 rpm with a compression ratio of 9.5:1 and a 6450 rpm redline. With the end of the Chevy Cobalt S/C SS and Saturn Ion Red Line, the LSJ was discontinued after 2007. In late 2005 Brammo Motorsports struck a deal with GM for the Supercharged 2.0 L Ecotec for their Ariel Atom. The engine came in various ratings from 205 hp to 300 hp.
The LSJ was on the Ward's 10 Best Engines list for 2006.
This engine is used in:
::data[format=table]
| Year(s) | Model | Power | Torque |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2004–2007 | Saturn Ion Red Line | 205 hp @ 5600 rpm | 200 lbft @ 4400 rpm |
| 2005–2007 | Chevrolet Cobalt SS Supercharged Coupe | 205 hp @ 5600 rpm | 200 lbft @ 4400 rpm |
| :: |
2.2
L61
::figure[src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4d/Chevrolet_classic_engine.jpg" caption="Chevrolet Classic (Malibu)"] ::
::figure[src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f8/2003_Pontiac_Sunfire_Ecotec.JPG" caption="2003 Pontiac Sunfire Ecotec engine"] ::
::figure[src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/cd/2003CavalierL61Engine.jpg" caption="This engine is also known as a Z22SE in other countries such as the United Kingdom, Australia, and Europe.}}"] ::
The basic Family II architecture was substantially re-engineered in 2000 to become the Ecotec Gen I. Unlike its notably harsh predecessor, the engine was designed for smoothness. Dual in-block balance shafts were integral to the design, the power-steering pump was mounted directly to the cylinder head and driven by the intake camshaft, the water-pump housing was cast into the block, and the A/C compressor and alternator were mounted directly on the block without brackets. The oil filter housing was cast into the block with a removable cover and replaceable paper element. It did not use an EGR valve. The Ecotec line is manufactured in Tonawanda, New York, and Kaiserslautern, Germany, and was also manufactured for Saturn in Spring Hill, Tennessee, until Saturn's discontinuation. In North America, this engine replaced both the Quad-4 and the GM 122 engines and first appeared in the 2000 Saturn L-Series.
The L61 is a 2198 cc version with a lost-foam cast aluminium cylinder head and block; it features an 86 mm bore and 94.6 mm stroke and either a 9.5:1 compression ratio or a 10.0:1. The engine is 665 mm in length, 642 mm in width, 655 mm in height and approximately 139 kg.
The Ecotec 2.2, model L61 first appeared in the 2000 Saturn LS1; the L61-powered Saturn Ion also replaced the Saturn-powered Saturn S-Series.
There are a few variations to the standard L61. The 2003 Saturn L-Series has a high output version with higher (10:1) compression and more aggressive camshaft. The 2004–2008 Chevrolet Malibu uses a version with electronic throttle control and a special unitized exhaust manifold and catalytic converter. The Malibu and Saturn versions also use return-less fuel injection. The 2002 Saturn VUE was the first North American variant of the L61 to be equipped with electronic throttle control, whereas other applications did not arise until 2005 in the Saturn ION and Chevrolet Cobalt. For 2007, introduced an updated version of the L61 based on the Gen II design.
The supercharger and inlet manifold from the 2.0 Ecotec LSJ engine can be purchased as an official kit from GM and along with modified software in the ECM, can create a 2.2 supercharged version of this engine.
The L61 was used in the following cars:
::data[format=table]
| Year(s) | Model | Power | Torque | Compression ratio |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2002 | Chevrolet Cavalier | 140 hp @ 5600 rpm | 150 lbft @ 4400 rpm | 10.0:1 |
| 2003–2005 | 150 lbft @ 4000 rpm | |||
| 2005–2006 | Chevrolet Cobalt | 145 hp @ 5600 rpm | 155 lbft @ 4000 rpm | 10.0:1 |
| 2006 | Chevrolet HHR | 143 hp @ 5600 rpm | 150 lbft @ 4000 rpm | 10.0:1 |
| 2004 | Chevrolet Malibu | 145 hp @ 5600 rpm | 155 lbft @ 4000 rpm | 10.0:1 |
| 2005–2006 | 144 hp @ 5600 rpm | |||
| 2002–2004 | Oldsmobile Alero | 140 hp @ 5600 rpm | 150 lbft @ 4000 rpm | 10.0:1 |
| 2002 | Pontiac Grand Am | 140 hp @ 5600 rpm | 150 lbft @ 4400 rpm | 10.0:1 |
| 2003–2005 | 150 lbft @ 4000 rpm | |||
| 2002 | Pontiac Sunfire | 140 hp @ 5600 rpm | 150 lbft @ 4400 rpm | 10.0:1 |
| 2003–2005 | 150 lbft @ 4000 rpm | |||
| 2005–2006 | Pontiac Pursuit/G5 | 145 hp @ 5600 rpm | 155 lbft @ 4000 rpm | 10.0:1 |
| 2000 | Saturn L-Series | 137 hp @ 5800 rpm | 135 lbft @ 4400 rpm | 9.5:1 |
| 2001–2003 | 135 hp @ 5200 rpm | 142 lbft @ 4400 rpm | ||
| 2004 | 140 hp @ 5600 rpm | 150 lbft @ 4000 rpm | ||
| 2003–2006 | Saturn Ion | 140 hp @ 5800 rpm | 145 lbft @ 4400 rpm | 10.0:1 |
| 2002–2005 | Saturn Vue | 143 hp @ 5400 rpm | 152 lbft @ 4000 rpm | 10.0:1 |
| 2006 | 143 hp @ 5600 rpm | |||
| 2007 | 144 hp @ 5600 rpm | |||
| 2001–2005 | Opel Speedster/Vauxhall VX220 | 147 hp @ 5800 rpm | 150 lbft @ 4000 rpm | |
| 2000–2003 | Opel/Vauxhall Astra | 147 hp @ 5800 rpm | 150 lbft @ 4000 rpm | |
| 2001–2002 | Opel/Vauxhall Vectra | 147 hp @ 5800 rpm | 150 lbft @ 4000 rpm | |
| 2000–2003 | Opel/Vauxhall Zafira | 147 hp @ 5800 rpm | 150 lbft @ 4000 rpm | |
| 2001–2006 | Holden Astra (TS) | 147 hp @ 5800 rpm | 150 lbft @ 4000 rpm | |
| :: |
This engine also powered the Japanese-market Subaru Traviq, a badge-engineered Opel Zafira A.
Following the GM–Fiat agreement, the 2.2 L engine is also used in:
- Fiat Croma unmodified
- Alfa Romeo 159 heavy modified with Gasoline direct injection
Z22YH
DI
A direct injection version of the 2198 cc Ecotec features 114 kW of power at 5600 rpm and 220 Nm of torque at 3800 rpm with a compression ratio of 12.0:1, and has been available in:
- 2003 Opel/Vauxhall Vectra
- 2003 Opel/Vauxhall Signum
- 2005 Opel/Vauxhall Zafira
- 2006–2009 Holden Astra (Australia and New Zealand only)
L42
The Ecotec 2.2, model L42 is a version of the Ecotec 2.2 designed to run on compressed natural gas (CNG). It delivers 129 hp and 129 lbft. It is used in the 2003–2004 Chevrolet Cavalier.
Generation II
| name = Generation II | aka = | production = 2006–present | fuelsystem = {{ubl | Sequential multi-point fuel injection | Gasoline direct injection | fueltype = {{ubl | Gasoline | E85 | image = | displacement = {{ubl | 1998 cc | 2198 cc | 2384 cc | bore = {{ubl | 86 mm | 88 mm | stroke = {{ubl | 86 mm | 94.6 mm | 98 mm | compression = {{ubl | 9.2:1 | 10.0:1 | 10.4:1 | 11.2:1 | 11.4:1 | management = | power = | specpower = | torque = | length = | width = | height = | weight =
2.0 LNF (Z20NHH Opel)
::figure[src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/fd/Car_show_013.jpg" caption="Ecotec LNF in a [[Pontiac Solstice"] ::
A turbocharged direct-injected (redubbed Spark Ignition Direct Injection) Ecotec was introduced in the 2007 Pontiac Solstice GXP and Saturn Sky Red Line. In these applications, the engine is mounted longitudinally. Displacement is 1998 cc with a square 86 mm bore and stroke. Compression is 9.2:1 and maximum boost is 1.4 bar, delivering 260 hp at 5300 rpm and 260 lbft of torque from 2500 to 5250 rpm. Engine redline is at 6300 rpm and premium fuel is recommended. The sodium filled exhaust valves were based on technology developed for the Corvette V8 powertrains. The sodium fuses and becomes a liquid at idle, which improves thermal conductivity and draws heat away from the valve face and valve guide towards the stem to be cooled by the engine oil circulating in this area. The camshaft-driven direct injection systems pressurizes the fuel to 31 bar at idle, and up to 155 bar at wide-open throttle. The "Gen II" block is similar to the 2.4 L and also features VVT technology. The Gen II block was developed using data from racing programs and computer simulations. The bore walls and bulkheads were strengthened with a weight increase of 2.5 lb. The coolant jackets were expanded to improve heat transfer, resulting in a coolant capacity increase of 0.5 liters.
In December 2008, GM released a Turbo Upgrade Kit for the LNF engine which increases horsepower to 290 hp and torque to up to 340 lbft, depending on the model. The kit retailed for $650 and includes remapped engine calibration and upgraded 3 MAP sensors. The kit is covered by the cars' existing GM warranties. Boost pressure was increased from 18psi (1.24 bar) to 21psi (1.44 bar).
Unique LNF features include:
- a twin-scroll turbocharger
- cam-driven high-pressure gasoline direct injection fuel system
- dual-camshaft continuously variable valve timing
- sodium-filled stainless steel Inconel exhaust valves
- low-friction cast aluminium pistons with oil squirters
- forged steel crankshaft
- forged steel connecting rods
- cast stainless steel exhaust manifold
- foam-cast Gen2 block
- Bosch injectors (0 261 500 055) or slightly larger (0 261 500 089) injectors in 2010 models
This engine is used in: ::data[format=table]
| Year(s) | Model | Power | Torque |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2007–2010 | Opel GT | 264 hp @ 5300 rpm | 264 lbft @ 2000 rpm |
| 2007–2010 | Pontiac Solstice GXP | 260 hp @ 5300 rpm | 260 lbft @ 2000 rpm |
| 2007–2010 | Saturn Sky Red Line | 260 hp @ 5300 rpm | 260 lbft @ 2000 rpm |
| 2008–2010 | Chevrolet HHR SS | 260 hp @ 5300 rpm | 260 lbft @ 2000 rpm |
| 2008–2010 | Chevrolet Cobalt SS | 260 hp @ 5300 rpm | 260 lbft @ 2000 rpm |
| 2009 | Elfin T5 | 264 hp @ 5300 rpm | 259 lbft @ 2000 rpm |
| 2012 | Fisker Karma | 260 hp @ 5300 rpm | 260 lbft @ 2000 rpm |
| :: |
2.0 LDK (A20NHT Opel)
A20NHT
An updated variant of the LNF (also with 9.2:1 compression ratio) was released in 2008, meeting the Euro 5 emission standard. This engine is also known as A20NHT by GM Powertrain Europe.
Unique LDK features include:
- a twin-scroll turbocharger
- cam-driven high-pressure gasoline direct injection fuel system
- dual camshaft continuously variable valve timing
- sodium-filled stainless steel Inconel exhaust valves
- low-friction cast aluminium pistons with oil squirters
- forged steel crankshaft
- cast stainless steel exhaust manifold
- foam-cast Gen2 block
- Bosch injectors (0 261 500 055)
This engine is used in: ::data[format=table]
| Year(s) | Model | Power | Torque |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2008–2013 | Opel Insignia / Vauxhall Insignia | 162 kW @ 5300 rpm | 350 Nm @ 2500 rpm |
| 2009–2010 | Buick Regal Turbo | 162 kW @ 5300 rpm | 350 Nm @ 2500 rpm |
| 2010–2013 | Buick Regal GS (China Market) | 162 kW @ 5300 rpm | 350 Nm @ 2500 rpm |
| 2009–2010 | Buick Regal Turbo (Hirsch Performance) | 192 kW @ 5400 rpm | 400 Nm @ 3000–4000 rpm |
| 2010–2013 | Buick Regal GS (Hirsch Performance) | 192 kW @ 5400 rpm | 400 Nm @ 3000–4000 rpm |
| 2010–2012 | Saab 9-5 | 162 kW @ 5300 rpm | 350 Nm @ 2500 rpm |
| 2011–2013 | Cadillac SLS (China) | 193 kW @ 5300 rpm | 360 Nm @ 2000–5000 rpm |
| 2014–2017 | Buick Regal GS (China Market) | 187 kW @ 5300 rpm | 350 Nm @ 2000–5000 rpm |
| :: |
LHU (A20NFT Opel)
A20NFT
LHU adds E85 flex-fuel capability to the LDK. This engine is also known as A20NFT by GM Powertrain Europe. Maximum engine speed is listed at 6350 rpm.
Unique LHU features include:
- a twin-scroll turbocharger
- cam-driven high-pressure gasoline direct injection fuel system
- dual camshaft continuously variable valve timing
- sodium-filled stainless steel Inconel exhaust valves
- low-friction cast aluminium pistons with oil squirters
- forged steel crankshafts
- cast stainless steel exhaust manifold
- sand-cast Gen3 block
- Larger Bosch injectors (0 261 500 112) with ethanol-safe seals for flex-fuel compatibility
::data[format=table]
| Year(s) | Model | Power | Torque | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2011–2013 | Buick Regal Turbo | 220 hp @ 5300 rpm | 258 lbft @ 2000 rpm | |
| 2014 | Saab 9-3 Turbo4 (NEVS) | 220 hp-metric @ 5300 rpm | 350 Nm @ 2500 rpm | url = https://bilwebauctions.se/en/majauktion-1-2023/saab-9-3-aero-turbo4-51843 |
| 2011–2012 | Saab 9-5 Turbo4 | 220 hp-metric @ 5300 rpm | 258 lbft @ 2000 rpm | |
| 2013–2016 | Buick Verano Turbo | 250 hp @ 5300 rpm | 260 lbft @ 2000 rpm | |
| 2011–2013 | Buick Regal GS | 270 hp | 295 lbft @ 2400 rpm | |
| 2011–2013 | Opel Insignia / Vauxhall Insignia 4×4 | 184 kW @ 5300 rpm | 400 Nm @ 2400–3600 rpm | |
| 2012–2017 | Opel Astra J OPC / Vauxhall Astra J VXR | 206 kW @ 5500 rpm | 400 Nm @ 2500–4500 rpm | |
| 2014–2017 | Buick Regal GS (Hirsch Performance) | 205 kW @ 5400 rpm | 410 Nm @ 3000–4000 rpm | |
| 2017–present | Opel Astra K TCR | 257 kW @ 6300 rpm | 420 Nm @ 2500–4600 rpm | |
| :: |
Note: The A20NFT engine in Opel Astra K TCR is a racing engine and swapped the original direct fuel injection for multi-point fuel injection.
2.2
L61
In 2007, the L61 received a multitude of changes, that originated from the LE5. It switched to the higher-strength Gen II block and received a revised cylinder head (enlarged exhaust ports) and camshaft design (increased exhaust valve duration). The engine also switched from wasted spark ignition to individual coil-on-plug ignition; this forced the cam cover to be redesigned. It was also switched to an E37 engine controller with new crank and cam sensors (replacing timing sensor previously found in ignition cassette). These changes increase horsepower slightly and allow the engine to meet PZEV standards. Compression ratio is 10.0:1.
The L61 was used in the following cars: ::data[format=table]
| Year(s) | Model | Power | Torque |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2007–2008 | Chevrolet Cobalt | 148 hp @ 5600 rpm | 152 lbft @ 4200 rpm |
| 2007 | Chevrolet HHR | 149 hp @ 5600 rpm | 152 lbft @ 4000 rpm |
| 2008 | 152 lbft @ 4200 rpm | ||
| 2007–2008 | Chevrolet Malibu | 145 hp @ 5600 rpm | 152 lbft @ 4200 rpm |
| 2007–2008 | Pontiac Pursuit/G5 | 148 hp @ 5600 rpm | 152 lbft @ 4200 rpm |
| 2007 | Saturn Ion | 145 hp @ 5600 rpm | 150 lbft @ 4200 rpm |
| :: |
LAP
The LAP is a 2198 cc version of the Ecotec, based on the Gen II block with cylinder head improvements, new camshaft design, E37 engine control module, 58X crankshaft reluctor ring, dual variable valve timing, digital crank and cam sensors, individual coil-on-plug ignition, vented starter solenoid, new MAP sensor, new intake manifold seals, new oil filter element, a 32-bit computer, and improved emissions performance.
Bore and stroke are 86 mm and 94.6 mm, the same as the 2.2 L L61. Compression ratio is 10.0:1. Major features that set it apart from the 2.2 L L61 are variable-valve-timing and other cylinder head improvements from the 2.4 L LE5.
::data[format=table]
| Year(s) | Model | Power | Torque |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2009–2010 | Chevrolet Cobalt | 155 hp @ 6100 rpm | 150 lbft @ 4900 rpm |
| 2009 | Pontiac G5 | 155 hp @ 6100 rpm | 150 lbft @ 4900 rpm |
| :: |
LE8
The LE8 is an E85-compatible 2198 cc version of the LAP Ecotec. Bore and stroke remain the same 86 mm and 94.6 mm. Compression ratio is 10.0:1 and the engine can run on both regular unleaded gasoline or E85.
::data[format=table]
| Year(s) | Model | Power | Torque |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2009–2011 | Chevrolet HHR | 155 hp @ 6100 rpm (gasoline) | 150 lbft @ 4800 rpm (gasoline) |
| 160 hp @ 6000 rpm (E85) | 158 lbft @ 4600 rpm (E85) | ||
| :: |
2.4
LE5
::figure[src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/7d/2006_Pontiac_Solstice_Ecotec_LE5_engine.jpg" caption="Ecotec LE5 engine in a 2006 [[Pontiac Solstice"] ::
The LE5 is a larger 2384 cc version of the Ecotec. Both the 88 mm bore and 98 mm stroke are larger, and Variable Valve Timing on the intake and exhaust improve low-end torque. Compression is 10.4:1. Power is 164–177 hp (123–132 kW) and torque is 159–170 lb·ft (215–230 N·m). The engine uses a reinforced "Gen II" block. Connecting rods are GKN-forged; C70 powdered metal was used from July 2007 on.
::data[format=table]
| Year(s) | Model | Power | Torque |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2006–2008 | Buick Lacrosse (China) | 168 hp @ 6400 rpm | 166 lbft @ 4800 rpm |
| 2006–2007 | Chevrolet Cobalt SS | 173 hp @ 6200 rpm | 163 lbft @ 4800 rpm |
| 2008 | Chevrolet Cobalt Sport | 171 hp @ 6200 rpm | 167 lbft @ 4800 rpm |
| 2006–2008 | Chevrolet HHR | 175 hp | 165 lbft |
| 2006–2008 | Pontiac G5/Pursuit | 171 hp @ 5800 rpm | 167 lbft @ 4500 rpm |
| 2006–2009 | Pontiac G6 | 169 hp @ 6300 rpm | 162 lbft @ 4500 rpm |
| 2006–2009 | Pontiac Solstice | 173 hp @ 5800 rpm | 164 lbft @ 4500 rpm |
| 2006–2009 | Saturn Sky | 177 hp @ 5800 rpm | 173 lbft @ 4800 rpm |
| 2006 | Saturn Ion | 170 hp @ 6200 rpm | 162 lbft @ 4800 rpm |
| 2007 | Saturn Ion | 175 hp @ 6500 rpm | 164 lbft @ 4800 rpm |
| 2008–2009 | Saturn Aura | 169 hp | 160 lbft |
| 2008–2012 | Chevrolet Malibu | 169 hp | 160 lbft |
| 2008–2009 | Saturn Vue | 169 hp @ 6200 rpm | 161 lbft @ 5100 rpm |
| :: |
The LE5 is also used in the following overseas models:
- 2006 GM Taiwan Buick LaCrosse
- 2006 Shanghai GM Buick LaCrosse
- Buick GL8
The LE5 or a close variant is also used in the Polaris Slingshot (announced July 27, 2014), coupled with a 5-speed manual transmission and a final belt drive. The Slingshot is a three-wheeled side-by-side street vehicle, classed as a motorcycle.
LAT
The LAT is the designation used for the 2.4 L LE5 when used in GM's BAS mild-hybrid vehicles.
::data[format=table]
| Year(s) | Model | Power | Torque |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2007–2009 | Saturn Aura Green Line Hybrid | 164 hp @ 6400 rpm | 159 lbft @ 5000 rpm |
| 2007 | Saturn Vue Green Line Hybrid | 170 hp @ 6600 rpm | 162 lbft @ 4200 rpm |
| 2008 | Saturn Vue Green Line Hybrid | 172 hp @ 6500 rpm | 167 lbft @ 4500 rpm |
| 2008–2009 | Buick LaCrosse hybrid (China only) | 164 hp @ 6400 rpm | 166 lbft @ 4800 rpm |
| 2008–2009 | Chevrolet Malibu Hybrid | 164 hp @ 6400 rpm | 159 lbft @ 5000 rpm |
| :: |
LE9
The LE9 is an E85-compatible version of the 2384 cc LE5 Ecotec. Bore and stroke are 88 mm and 98 mm and has a compression ratio of 10.4:1, the same as the LE5.
::data[format=table]
| Year(s) | Model | Power | Torque |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2009–2011 | Chevrolet HHR | 172 hp @ 5800 rpm (gasoline) | 167 lbft @ 4500 rpm (gasoline) |
| 176 hp @ 5800 rpm (E85) | 170 lbft @ 5000 rpm (E85) | ||
| 2010–2012 | Chevrolet Malibu (fleet only) | 175 hp @ 5800 rpm (E85) | |
| 2014–2019 | Polaris Slingshot | 173 hp (129 kW) @ 6200 rpm | |
| :: |
LAF
::figure[src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4b/Chevrolet_ecotec_2.4.jpg" caption="GM Ecotec 2.4"] ::
The LAF is a direct injected 2.4 L. It uses technology based on GM's other four-cylinder direct-injection applications, but with unique features designed for its specific application. This includes an 11.2:1 compression ratio that helps build power, slightly dished pistons that increase combustion efficiency and injectors with an application-specific flow rate.
::data[format=table]
| Year(s) | Model | Power | Torque |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2010–2011 | {{ubl | ||
| 2010–2011 | Buick LaCrosse | 182 hp @ 6700 rpm | 172 lbft @ 4900 rpm |
| 2011 | Buick Regal | 182 hp @ 6700 rpm | 172 lbft @ 4900 rpm |
| 2011–2014 | Chevrolet Orlando | 174 hp @ 6700 rpm | 171 lbft @ 4900 rpm |
| 2011 | Chevrolet Captiva | 182 hp @ 6700 rpm | 172 lbft @ 4900 rpm |
| :: |
LEA
The LEA is an E85 compatible variant of the LAF. Bore, stroke, and compression ratio all remain the same. Maximum engine speed is listed at 7000 rpm.
::data[format=table]
| Year(s) | Model | Power | Torque |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2012–2013, 2015–2017 | Buick Regal | 182 hp @ 6700 rpm | 172 lbft @ 4900 rpm |
| 2012–2017 | Buick Verano | 180 hp @ 6700 rpm | 171 lbft @ 4900 rpm |
| 2012–2017 | Chevrolet Captiva Sport | 182 hp @ 6700 rpm | 172 lbft @ 4900 rpm |
| 2012–2017 | {{ubl | Chevrolet Equinox | GMC Terrain |
| 2012–2017 | Chevrolet Orlando | 174 hp @ 6700 rpm | 171 lbft @ 4900 rpm |
| 2013–2016 | Chevrolet Malibu {{Cite web | title=2013 Chevrolet Malibu – Prices & Specs in UAE | url=https://www.drivearabia.com/carprices/uae/chevrolet/chevrolet-malibu/2013/ |
| :: |
LUK
The LUK is similar to the LAF, but adds the eAssist mild-hybrid system. Maximum engine speed is listed at 7000 rpm.
::data[format=table]
| Year(s) | Model | Power | Torque |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2012–2016 | Buick LaCrosse | 182 hp @ 6700 rpm | 172 lbft @ 4900 rpm |
| 2012–2017 | Buick Regal | 182 hp @ 6700 rpm | 172 lbft @ 4900 rpm |
| 2013–2014 | Chevrolet Malibu ECO | 182 hp @ 6700 rpm | 172 lbft @ 4900 rpm |
| 2014 | Chevrolet Impala | 182 hp @ 6700 rpm | 172 lbft @ 4900 rpm |
| :: |
Generation III
| name = Generation III | aka = | production = 2013–present | fuelsystem = Spark Ignition Direct Injection (SIDI) | fueltype = Gasoline | image = | displacement = {{ubl | 1998 cc | 2457 cc | bore = {{ubl | 86 mm | 88 mm | stroke = {{ubl | 86 mm | 100.8 mm | compression = {{ubl | 9.5:1 | 11.3:1 | management = | power = | specpower = | torque = | length = | width = | height = | weight =
2.0
LTG
A 1998 cc turbocharged direct-injection version of the Gen III Ecotec was available in the 2013 Cadillac ATS and Chevrolet Malibu, and also in the Cadillac XTS and Cadillac XT5 for the Chinese market. Engine development was led by a team from GM Korea (GMTCK). Bore and stroke are both 86.0 mm, and compression is 9.5:1. The engine uses a twin-scroll turbocharger with electronically controlled wastegate/bypass valve, air-to-air intercooler, stainless-steel dual-scroll (1–4, 2–3) exhaust manifold designed to withstand 980 C turbine temperature, and a rotacast aluminium-alloy (A356T6) cylinder head with sodium-filled exhaust valves. Maximum engine speed is listed at 7000 rpm.
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| Year(s) | Model | Power | Torque |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2013–2014 | Cadillac ATS | 272 hp @ 5500 rpm | 260 lbft @ 1700–5500 rpm |
| 2015–2019 | 295 lbft @ 3000–4600 rpm | ||
| 2014–2016 | Cadillac ATS 25T (China) | 230 hp @ 5500 rpm | |
| 2014–2019 | Cadillac ATS 28T (China) | 279 hp @ 5500 rpm | 295 lbft @ 2900–4600 rpm |
| 2013 | Chevrolet Malibu | 259 hp @ 5300 rpm | 260 lbft @ 1700–5500 rpm |
| 2014–2015 | 295 lbft @ 5200 rpm | ||
| 2016–2022 | 250 hp @ 5300 rpm | 260 lbft @ 2000–5000 rpm | |
| 2013–2017 | Opel Insignia A | hp @ 4500 rpm | 400 Nm @ 2000–4500 rpm |
| 2017–2018 | Opel Insignia B (GSi) | hp @ 5300 rpm | 400 Nm @ 2500–4000 rpm |
| 2014–2017 | Buick Regal | 259 hp @ 5300 rpm | {{ubl |
| 2018–present | 250 hp @ 5400 rpm | {{ubl | 260 lbft @ 2000–5200 rpm |
| 2014&2019 | Cadillac CTS | 268 hp @ 5600 rpm | 295 lbft @ 3000–4500 rpm |
| 2016–2018 | Buick Envision | 252 hp @ 5500 rpm | 260 lbft @ 2000 rpm |
| 2019–present | 295 lbft @ 2000 rpm | ||
| 2016–2018 | Cadillac CT6 | 265 hp @ 5500 rpm | 295 lbft @ 3000–4000 rpm |
| 2016–2024 | Chevrolet Camaro | 275 hp @ 5600 rpm | 295 lbft @ 3000–4500 rpm |
| 2017–present | Buick GL8 | 260 hp @ 5500 rpm | 350 Nm @ 2000-5000 rpm |
| 2018–2020 | Chevrolet Equinox | 252 hp @ 5500 rpm | 260 lbft @ 2500–4500 rpm |
| 2018–2019 | Chevrolet Traverse RS | 257 hp @ 5500 rpm | 295 lbft @ 3000 rpm |
| 2018–2020 | GMC Terrain | 252 hp @ 5500 rpm | 260 lbft @ 2500–4500 rpm |
| 2018–2020 | Holden Commodore | 256 hp @ 5500 rpm | 258 lbft @ 3000–4000 rpm |
| :: |
LSY
A successor to the LTG debuted in the 2019 Cadillac XT4 and the 2019 Cadillac CT6. The LSY adds Active Fuel Management and a start-stop system, putting more priority to fuel economy than performance. Peak output is lower than the LTG, but is achieved at lower rpm for both power and torque. Bore is 83.0 mm and stroke is 92.3 mm. This engine is used in some GM vehicles in the U.S and as the standard engine option in China.
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| Year(s) | Model | Power | Torque |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2019 | Cadillac CT6 | 237 hp @ 5000 rpm | 258 lbft @ 1500–4000 rpm |
| 2019–present | Cadillac XT4 | 237 hp @ 5000 rpm | 258 lbft @ 1500–4000 rpm |
| 2019–present | Chevrolet Malibu XL | 241 hp @ 5000 rpm | 258 lbft @ 1500–4000 rpm |
| 2020–2022 | Opel Insignia B | 170 hp @ 4250–6000 rpm | 350 Nm @ 1500–4000 rpm |
| 200 hp @ 4250–6000 rpm | 350 Nm @ 1500–4000 rpm | ||
| 230 hp @ 5000 rpm | 350 Nm @ 1500–4000 rpm | ||
| 2020–present | Buick GL8 ES (Chinese market) | 237 hp @ 5000 rpm | 258 lbft @ 1500–4000 rpm |
| 2020–present | Buick GL8 Land Business Edition (Chinese market) | 237 hp @ 5000 rpm | 258 lbft @ 1500–4000 rpm |
| 2020–present | Buick Lacrosse (Chinese market) | 233 hp @ 5000 rpm | 258 lbft @ 1500–4000 rpm |
| 2020–present | Buick Regal GS (Chinese market) | 237 hp @ 5000 rpm | 258 lbft @ 1500–4000 rpm |
| 2020–present | Cadillac CT5 | 237 hp @ 5000 rpm | 258 lbft @ 1500–4000 rpm |
| 2020–present | Cadillac CT4 | 237 hp @ 5000 rpm | 258 lbft @ 1500–4000 rpm |
| 2020–present | Cadillac XT5 | 237 hp @ 5000 rpm | 258 lbft @ 1500–4000 rpm |
| 2020–present | Cadillac XT6 | 237 hp @ 5000 rpm | 258 lbft @ 1500–4000 rpm |
| 2020–present | Chevrolet Blazer | 230 hp @ 5000 rpm | 258 lbft @ 1500–4000 rpm |
| 2020–2023 | GMC Acadia | 230 hp @ 5000 rpm | 258 lbft @ 1500–4000 rpm |
| 2021–present | Buick Envision | 230 hp @ 5000 rpm | 258 lbft @ 1500–4000 rpm |
| :: |
2.5
LCV
First appearing in the 2013 Chevrolet Malibu and 2013 Cadillac ATS, the 2.5 L Gen III block has been reworked to reduce engine noise and vibrations, while improving fuel economy and low-end torque. LCV is scheduled to replace the direct-injected 2.4 L throughout North American GM products within a year. Engine production started in April 2012 at GM's Tonawanda Engine plant.
The new combustion system developed with GM's proprietary computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analysis software features a higher compression ratio which helps improve fuel efficiency and has improved knock resistance. The engine features dual overhead camshafts with continuously variable valve timing and increased-authority cam phasing (increased phase rotation angle), a high-pressure returnless direct-injection fuel system with camshaft-driven fuel pump delivering 750 psi at idle and 2250 psi at full load, higher-flowing intake and exhaust ports in the cylinder head, electronic throttle control and pistons with jet-spray oil cooling. The engine redline is 7000 rpm.
The balance shafts are relocated from the cylinder block to oil pan module. The two-piece steel-aluminium oil pan features in-pan integrated oil-pump assembly driven by the balance shaft with a shorter inverted-tooth chain. Other improvements include inverted-tooth chain driving the camshaft, forged steel crankshaft, cast aluminium bedplate with main bearing cap inserts made of iron, high-pressure fuel rail with rubber-isolated assembly, acoustically shielded plastic cover for the intake manifold, and structurally enhanced aluminium camshaft cover and front cover. These improvements helped reduce noise intensity by 40% compared to the 2.4 L engine and change the noise signature into a higher frequency above 2,000 Hz. The engine also uses a variable-displacement oil pump and an actively controlled thermostat. Direct injection reduces emissions by 25%, while continuous cam phasing eliminates the need for an EGR system. Maximum engine speed is listed at 7000 rpm.
Displacement for the 2.5 L engine is 2,457 cc with an 88.0 mm bore and 100.8 mm stroke. Compression ratio is 11.3:1.
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| Year(s) | Model | Power | Torque |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2013–2016 | Cadillac ATS | 150.69 kW @ 6300 rpm | 259 Nm @ 4400 rpm |
| 2013 | Chevrolet Malibu | 146.96 kW @ 6300 rpm | 259 Nm @ 4400 rpm |
| 2015–2022 | Chevrolet Colorado | 200 hp @ 6300 rpm | 191 lbft @ 4400 rpm |
| GMC Canyon | |||
| 2016 | Chevrolet Malibu Limited | 196 hp @ 6300 rpm | 186 lbft @ 4400 rpm |
| 2016–2025 | Chevrolet Malibu | 200 hp @ 6200 rpm | 186 lbft @ 4400 rpm |
| 2017–2020 | Buick Envision | 197 hp @ 6300 rpm | 192 lbft @ 4400 rpm |
| 2017 | Buick GL8 | 197 hp @ 6300 rpm | 186 lbft @ 4400 rpm |
| 2017–2021 | GMC Acadia | 194 hp @ 6300 rpm | 190 lbft @ 4400 rpm |
| 2019–2021 | Chevrolet Blazer | 193 hp @ 6300 rpm | 188 lbft @ 4400 rpm |
| :: |
LKW
Same as the LCV but features Intake Valve Lift Control (IVLC) system provides two-stage variable valve lift in addition to continuous variable timing. Continuously commanded by the engine control unit, the valve rocker arm switches between high-lift and low-lift profiles on the camshaft, actuated by an oil control valve through a two-feed stationary hydraulic lash adjuster, allowing for either 4.0 or 10.5 mm lift. It also features a start-stop system. Maximum engine speed is listed at 7000 rpm.
::data[format=table]
| Year(s) | Model | Power | Torque |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2014–2019 | Chevrolet Impala | 196-197 hp @ 6300 rpm | 186-191 lbft @ 4400 rpm |
| 2014–2015 | Chevrolet Malibu | 196 hp @ 6300 rpm | 186 lbft @ 4400 rpm |
| 2018– | Saleen S1 | 450 hp | 400 lbft |
| :: |
HCCI
At Tech Show Torino 2008, GM Powertrain Europe announced the ignition-less HCCI (Homogeneous Charge Compression Ignition) mode of the direct injection version of 2.2 L engine. The HCCI version is equipped with two-step adjustable valve lift with variable cam phasing and advanced ECU with cylinder pressure sensors, uses a lean-burn cycle similar to that of a diesel engine, and is claimed to further reduce fuel consumption by 15%.
References
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