Danionella
Genus of fishes
title: "Danionella" type: doc version: 1 created: 2026-02-28 author: "Wikipedia contributors" status: active scope: public tags: ["danionella", "danioninae", "taxa-named-by-tyson-r.-roberts"] description: "Genus of fishes" topic_path: "general/danionella" source: "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Danionella" license: "CC BY-SA 4.0" wikipedia_page_id: 0 wikipedia_revision_id: 0
::summary Genus of fishes ::
| image = Danionella priapus (cropped).jpg | image_caption = Danionella priapus | taxon = Danionella | authority = T. R. Roberts, 1986 | type_species = Danionella translucida | type_species_authority = T. R. Roberts, 1986 | subdivision_ranks = Species | subdivision = See text
Danionella is a genus of danionin fish found in freshwater habitats in Myanmar and West Bengal, India. It includes some of the smallest fishes.
Distribution
Four out of five described species of Danionella are found in Myanmar. D. translucida is described from the Ayeyarwady River basin, and D. mirifica was described from the Kamaing area in upper Myanmar. Danionella priapus is endemic to India.
Description
When first described, Danionella translucida was the smallest ostariophysan and the smallest adult vertebrate to inhabit fresh water. Its adult size ranges from 10–12 millimetres (.43–.47 in) SL. D. mirifica gets slightly larger, at about 14 mm (.55 in) SL, but is still one of the smallest freshwater fishes.
Danionella species lack scales and barbels, but possess a lateral line.
D. mirifica has a single row of melanophores between the pelvic fins and the tips of the cleithra, and there is a lack of melanophores on the underside of the abdomen.
D. dracula reaches 17 mm in length. It is neotonous, lacking 44 bones that develop late in the related zebrafish Danio rerio. They have teeth made of bone, rather than the true teeth of other fishes, and the males have a pair of boney fangs which may be used during male-male competitions over nesting sites. Britz et al. believe the lineage lost true teeth about 50 Ma.
As a model organism
Danionella is used in scientific experiments as it is small, optically transparent throughout its lifespan, genetically amenable and has a short generation time.{{cite journal |title=The emerging vertebrate model species for neurophysiological studies is Danionella cerebrum, new species (Teleostei: Cyprinidae) |last1=Britz |first1=Ralf |last2=Conway |first2=Kevin W |last3=Rüber |first3=Lukas |journal=Scientific Reports |volume=11 |number=1 |pages=18942 |year=2021 |publisher=Nature Publishing Group UK London |doi=10.1038/s41598-021-97600-0 |pmid=34556691 |pmc=8460714 |bibcode=2021NatSR..1118942B |url=https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-021-97600-0.pdf |title=Transparent Danionella translucida as a genetically tractable vertebrate brain model |last1= Schulze |first1= Lisanne |last2= Henninger |first2= Jörg |last3= Kadobianskyi |first3= Mykola |last4= Chaigne |first4= Thomas |last5= Faustino |first5= Ana Isabel |last6= Hakiy |first6= Nahid |last7= Albadri |first7= Shahad |last8= Schuelke |first8= Markus |last9= Maler |first9= Leonard |last10= Del Bene |first10= Filippo |journal=Nature Methods |volume=15 |number=11 |pages=977–983 |year=2018 |publisher=Nature Publishing Group US New York |doi= 10.1038/s41592-018-0144-6 |pmid= 30323353 |url=https://www.nature.com/articles/s41592-018-0144-6.pdf
Species
::data[format=table title=""]
| Species | Common name | Image |
|---|---|---|
| Danionella cerebrum Britz, Conway & Rüber, 2021 | [[File:Danionella cerebrum (cropped).jpg | |
| Danionella dracula Britz, Conway & Rüber, 2009 | Dracula fish | [[File:Danionella dracula.jpg |
| Danionella mirifica Britz, 2003 | ||
| Danionella priapus Britz, 2009 | [[File:Danionella priapus (cropped).jpg | |
| Danionella translucida T. R. Roberts, 1986 | [[File:Danionella translucida bolton aquarium.JPG | |
| :: |
References
References
- Britz, Ralf. (October 2003). "''Danionella mirifica'', a new species of miniature fish from Upper Myanmar (Ostariophysi: Cyprinidae)". Ichthyol. Explor. Freshwaters.
- Britz, Ralf. (October 2009). "Danionella Priapus, a New Species of Miniature Cyprinid Fish from West Bengal, India (Teleostei: Cypriniformes: Cyprinidae)".
- Roberts, Tyson R.. (1986). "''Danionella translucida'', a new genus and species of cyprinid fish from Burma, one of the smallest living vertebrates". Environmental Biology of Fishes.
- {{FishBase species. (2011)
- (2019). "Thyroid hormone coordinates developmental trajectories but does not underlie developmental truncation in danionins". Developmental Dynamics.
- Ralf Britz ''et al.,'' ''Royal Society's journal Proceedings B,'' March 2009
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