Cleithrum

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title: "Cleithrum" type: doc version: 1 created: 2026-02-28 author: "Wikipedia contributors" status: active scope: public tags: ["skeletal-system", "upper-limb-anatomy", "shoulder"] description: "Bone in fish below the pictorial fin" topic_path: "science/biology" source: "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cleithrum" license: "CC BY-SA 4.0" wikipedia_page_id: 0 wikipedia_revision_id: 0

::summary Bone in fish below the pictorial fin ::

::figure[src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/91/Right_Cleithrum_and_Scapula_(Labridae).png" caption="scapula]] from a [[wrasse]]. The larger bone is the cleithrum." alt=""] ::

The cleithrum (: cleithra) is a membrane bone which first appears as part of the skeleton in primitive bony fish, where it runs vertically along the scapula. Its name is derived from Greek κλειθρον = "key (lock)", by analogy with "clavicle" from Latin clavicula = "little key".

In modern fishes, the cleithrum is a large bone that extends upwards from the base of the pectoral fin and anchors to the cranium above the gills, forming the posterior edge of the gill chamber. The bone has scientific use as a means to determine the age of fishes.

The lobe-finned fishes share this arrangement. In the earliest amphibians however, the cleithrum/clavicle complex came free of the skull roof, allowing for a movable neck. The cleithrum disappeared early in the evolution of reptiles, and in amniotes is very small or absent.

It has been argued based on position, muscle connectivity, and developmental origin that the nuchal element of the turtle carapace is formed from fused cleithra. ::figure[src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/96/Pu_carapace.jpg" caption="Schematic illustration of turtle carapace, showing osteology on right. The nuchal bone is a proposed homolog of the cleithra."] ::

References

References

1. Romer, Alfred Sherwood. (1977). "The Vertebrate Body". Holt-Saunders International.
2. (5 February 2002). "Fish Glossary". University of Wisconsin Sea Grant Institute.
3. Lyson, Tyler R.. (September 2013). "Homology of the enigmatic nuchal bone reveals novel reorganization of the shoulder girdle in the evolution of the turtle shell". Evolution & Development.

::callout[type=info title="Wikipedia Source"] This article was imported from Wikipedia and is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License. Content has been adapted to SurfDoc format. Original contributors can be found on the article history page. ::