Adygea

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First-level administrative division of Russia

title: "Adygea" type: doc version: 1 created: 2026-02-28 author: "Wikipedia contributors" status: active scope: public tags: ["adygea", "states-and-territories-established-in-1991", "southern-federal-district", "subnational-enclaves-and-exclaves", "regions-of-europe-with-multiple-official-languages", "republics-of-russia", "countries-and-territories-where-russian-is-an-official-language"] description: "First-level administrative division of Russia" topic_path: "linguistics" source: "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adygea" license: "CC BY-SA 4.0" wikipedia_page_id: 0 wikipedia_revision_id: 0

::summary First-level administrative division of Russia ::

::data[format=table title="Infobox settlement"]

FieldValue
nameRepublic of Adygea
subdivision_typeCountry
settlement_typeRepublic
image_flagFlag of Adygea.svg
image_mapMap of Russia (2014–2022) - Adygea (Crimea disputed).svg
pushpin_mapEuropean Russia
pushpin_relief1
mapframeyes
mapframe-wikidatayes
mapframe-zoom6
mapframe-height250
mapframe-stroke-width1
image_skylineAcheshbok, Южные отроги горы Ачешбок, драматичные погодные условия раннего лета, Западный Кавказ.jpg
subdivision_nameRussia
coordinates
subdivision_type2Federal district
subdivision_name2Southern
subdivision_type3Economic region
subdivision_name3North Caucasus
governing_bodyState Council (Khase)
leader_titleHead
leader_nameMurat Kumpilov
leader_title1Member of the State Duma
leader_name1Vladislav Reznik
leader_title2Senators
leader_name2Alexander Narolin
Murat Khapsirokov
total_typeTotal
area_total_km27,792
population_rank75th
population_density_km263.77
population_as_of2021 Census
population_total496934
{{ublistitem_style
population_footnotes
timezone1MSK
blank_nameOKTMO ID
blank_info79000000
native_nameady
ru
image_shieldCoat of arms of Adygea.svg
iso_codeRU-AD
registration_plate01
utc_offset+3
anthemAnthem of the Republic of Adygea

| | flag_size | 120px | | shield_size | 75px | | flag_link | Flag of Adygea | | shield_link | Coat of arms of Adygea | | seat_type | Capital | | seat | Maykop | | population_urban | 49.4% | | population_rural | 50.6% | | blank_name_sec1 | Official language(s) | | blank_info_sec1 | AdygheRussian | | area_footnotes | | | mapsize | 300px | ::

| name = Republic of Adygea | subdivision_type = Country | settlement_type = Republic | image_caption = | image_flag = Flag of Adygea.svg | image_map = Map of Russia (2014–2022) - Adygea (Crimea disputed).svg | pushpin_map = European Russia | pushpin_relief = 1 | mapframe = yes | mapframe-wikidata = yes | mapframe-zoom = 6 | mapframe-height = 250 | mapframe-stroke-width = 1 | image_skyline = Acheshbok, Южные отроги горы Ачешбок, драматичные погодные условия раннего лета, Западный Кавказ.jpg | subdivision_name = Russia | coordinates = | coor_pinpoint = | subdivision_type2 = Federal district | subdivision_name2 = Southern | subdivision_type3 = Economic region | subdivision_name3 = North Caucasus | governing_body = State Council (Khase) | leader_title = Head | leader_name = Murat Kumpilov | leader_title1 = Member of the State Duma | leader_name1 = Vladislav Reznik | leader_title2 = Senators | leader_name2 = Alexander Narolin Murat Khapsirokov | total_type = Total | area_total_sq_mi = | area_total_km2 = 7,792 | population_rank = 75th | population_density_km2 = 63.77 | population_as_of = 2021 Census | population_total = 496934 | 64.4% Russians|25.7% Adyghe|3.3% Armenians|0.6% Ukrainians|6% other}} | population_footnotes = | timezone1 = MSK | blank_name = OKTMO ID | blank_info = 79000000 | native_name = ady ru | image_shield = Coat of arms of Adygea.svg | iso_code = RU-AD | registration_plate = 01 | utc_offset = +3 | anthem = Anthem of the Republic of Adygea

| flag_size = 120px | shield_size = 75px | flag_link = Flag of Adygea | shield_link = Coat of arms of Adygea | seat_type = Capital | seat = Maykop | population_urban = 49.4% | population_rural = 50.6% | blank_name_sec1 = Official language(s) | blank_info_sec1 = AdygheRussian | area_footnotes = | mapsize = 300px Adygea ( ), officially the Republic of Adygea or the Adygean Republic, is a republic of Russia. It is situated in the North Caucasus of Eastern Europe. The republic is a part of the Southern Federal District, and covers an area of 7600 km2, with a population of roughly 500,731 residents as at 2025. It is an enclave within Krasnodar Krai and is the fifth-smallest Russian federal subject by area. Maykop is the capital and the largest city of Adygea, home to one-third of the republic's population.

Adygea is one of Russia's ethnic republics, primarily representing the indigenous Circassian people who form 25% of the Republic's population, while Russians form a majority at 60%, and with minority populations of Armenians and Ukrainians. The official languages of Adygea are Adyghe and Russian.

History

::figure[src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f4/Adygea02.png" caption="Map of Adygea"] ::

The Cherkess (Adyghe) Autonomous Oblast was established within the Russian SFSR on July 27, 1922, on the territories of the Kuban-Black Sea Oblast, primarily settled by the Adyghe people. At that time, Krasnodar was the administrative center. It was renamed Adyghe (Cherkess) Autonomous Oblast on August 24, 1922, soon after its creation. In the first two years of its existence the autonomous oblast was a part of the Russian SFSR, but on October 17, 1924, it was transferred to the jurisdiction of the newly created North Caucasus Krai within the RSFSR.

It was renamed Adyghe Autonomous Oblast (AO) in July 1928. On January 10, 1934, the autonomous oblast became part of the new Azov-Black Sea Krai, which was removed from North Caucasus Krai. Maykop was made the administrative center of the autonomous oblast in 1936. Adyghe AO became part of Krasnodar Krai when it was established on September 13, 1937.

On July 3, 1991, the oblast was elevated to the status of a republic under the jurisdiction of the Russian Federation. The first President of the republic was Aslan Dzharimov, elected on 5 January 1992.

Relations between the Adyghe and ethnic Russians in Adygea are currently good. Russians make up two-thirds of the population within Adygea. The current Head of Adygea is Murat Kumpilov.

Geography

Adygea lies in Russia's Southern Federal District of Eastern Europe, in the foothills of the Northwestern Caucasus in the Caucasus Mountains System, with plains in the northern areas and mountains in the southern area. Forests (mainly of European beech, oak, and maple) cover almost 40% of its territory.

  • Area — 7792 km2.
  • Borders — the Republic of Adygea is entirely surrounded by Krasnodar Krai.
  • Highest point — Chugush Mountain: 3238 m.
  • Maximum N-S distance: no data.
  • Maximum E-W distance: no data.
  • Average elevation: no data --

Rivers

::figure[src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c9/Мистический_каньон_реки_Ходзь_в_тумане,_Западный_Кавказ.jpg" caption="Khodz river headwaters, endemic region"] ::

The 870 km long Kuban River is one of the major navigable rivers in the Caucasus region. It forms part of the northern border between the Republic of Adygea and Krasnodar Krai.

Other rivers include:

  • Belaya River
  • Chokhrak River
  • Dakh River
  • Fars River
  • Khodz River
  • Kisha River
  • Bolshaya Laba River — (forming part of the eastern border between Adygea and Krasnodar Krai)
  • Psekups River
  • Pshish River
  • Sakhray River
  • Sukhoy Kurdzhips River — flows near the archaeological site at Mezmaiskaya cave.{{cite journal |title=Palaeontology and Zooarchaeology of Mezmaiskaya Cave (Northwestern Caucasus, Russia) |last=Baryshnikova |first=Gennady |author2=John F. Hoffeckerb|author3=Robin L. Burgess |date= May 1996 |journal= Journal of Archaeological Science |volume=23 |issue=3 |pages=313–335 |doi=10.1006/jasc.1996.0030 |quote=Over 6000 large mammal and numerous small vertebrate remains have been recovered from preliminary excavations at Mezmaiskaya Cave

Lakes

::figure[src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/34/Lago-Naki.jpg" caption="[[Lago-Naki plateau]] in Adygea"] ::

The republic has no large lakes. However, it has several reservoirs:

  • , the largest in North Caucasus
  • Oktyabrskoye Reservoir
  • Shapsug Reservoir
  • Tshchikskoye Reservoir (Тщикское)
  • Shendzhiyskoye Reservoir
  • Chetukskoye Reservoir
  • Kuzhorskoye Reservoir
  • Maykop Reservoir

Mountains

::figure[src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ea/Фишт2.jpg" caption="Mount Fisht"] ::

The republic's major mountains and peaks range in height from 2000 -, and include:

Natural resources

The republic is rich in oil and natural gas. Other natural resources include gold, silver, tungsten, and iron.

Climate

  • Average January temperature: -0.5 C
  • Average July temperature: +23 C
  • Average annual precipitation: 70 cm

February 15, 2010, recorded the absolute maximum for the winter months—in the capital, the city of Maykop, the temperature was 23.4 C.

Politics

::figure[src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/2d/TozujVisit.jpg" caption="Former Head of the Republic of Adygea, Aslan Tkhakushinov, in 2010"] ::

The chief executive of the government of the Republic of Adygea is the Head (called "President" until May 2011), who is appointed for a five-year term. Proficiency in the Adyghe language is a prerequisite for the candidate.

The current Head, Murat Kumpilov (since January 27, 2017), succeeded Aslan Tkhakushinov, initially as acting Head of the region. There is also a directly elected State Council (Khase or Xase—not to be confused with the Adyghe Khase, a union of Adyghe who supported Sovmen for a second term), which comprises the Council of Representatives and the Council of the Republic. Both councils are elected every five years and have 27 deputies each.

The Republic sends three representatives to the parliament of the Russian Federation; one to the State Duma and the other two to the Federation Council.

The Constitution of the Republic of Adygea was adopted on May 14, 1995.

Administrative divisions

::figure[src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e5/Adygea_districts.png" caption="List of administrative and municipal divisions of the Republic of Adygea}}"] ::

The Republic of Adygea is administratively divided into seven districts (raions), two cities/towns, and (at a lower administrative level) five urban-type settlements. Municipally, the republic is divided into two urban okrugs, five urban settlements, and 46 rural settlements.

::data[format=table] | Name || Local Name || Area in km2 || Population Census 2010 || Population Census 2021 || Population Estimate 1 Jan 2025 | |---| | Cities (republican municipal districts) | | Maykop | | Adygeysk | | Districts | | Giaginsky District | | Koshekhablsky District | | Krasnogvardeysky District | | Maykopsky District | | Takhtamukaysky District | | Teuchezhsky District | | Shovgenovsky District | | *Adygea Republic * | ::

  • Note "м.р." above is an abbreviation for "муниципальный район" (Municipal District)

Demographics

  • Population: ::data[format=table] | 2019 | 2021 | |---|---| | Average: | 73.8 years | | Male: | 69.1 years | | Female: | 78.4 years | ::

  • Life expectancy:

File:Life expectancy in Russian subject -Adygea.png|Life expectancy at birth in Adygea File:Life expectancy in Russian subject -Adygea -diff.png|Life expectancy with calculated differences File:Life expectancy in Russia -Krasnodar Krai.png|Life expectancy in Adygea, Krasnodar Krai and neighboring regions File:Life expectancy in Russia -Krasnodar Krai (after 2014).png|Zoomed version of the chart since 2014

Vital statistics

:Source: Russian Federal State Statistics Service

::data[format=table]

Average populationLive birthsDeathsNatural changeCrude birth rate (per 1000)Crude death rate (per 1000)Natural change (per 1000)Fertility rates
1970386,0005,6813,3072,37414.78.66.2
1975396,0005,9003,9071,99314.99.95.0
1980409,0006,6104,8281,78216.211.84.4
1985423,0006,9665,2831,68316.512.54.0
1990436,0006,1715,37579614.212.31.8
1991439,0005,9125,905713.513.50.0
1992444,0005,3065,969- 66312.013.5-1.5
1993447,0004,7746,662-1 88810.714.9-4.2
1994449,0004,9076,519-1 61210.914.5-3.6
1995450,0004,7986,475-1 67710.714.4-3.7
1996450,0004,6256,382-1 75710.314.2-3.9
1997450,0004,4306,302-1 8729.814.0-4.2
1998451,0004,3406,245-1 9059.613.9-4.2
1999450,0003,8796,215-2 3368.613.8-5.2
2000448,0004,0716,710-2 6399.115.0-5.9
2001447,0004,2126,566-2 3549.414.7-5.3
2002447,0004,5406,715-2 17510.215.0-4.9
2003446,0004,6346,929-2 29510.415.6-5.2
2004444,0004,6486,645-1 99710.515.0-4.5
2005443,0004,5506,726-2 17610.315.2-4.9
2006441,0004,6066,686-2 08010.415.2-4.7
2007440,0005,2106,454-1 24411.814.7-2.8
2008440,0005,6016,558- 95712.714.9-2.2
2009439,0005,5136,219- 70612.514.2-1.6
2010439,0005,7216,065- 47613.014.1-1.1
2011441,0005,5116,197- 55412.513.8-1.3
2012444,0005,7005,924- 22412.913.4-0.5
2013445,0005,5685,814- 24612.513.1-0.6
2014448,0005,6995,938- 23912.713.3-0.6
2015450,0005,6135,841- 22812.513.0-0.5
2016453,0005,4515,818- 36712.112.9-0.8
2017453,0004,7585,734- 97610.512.7-2.2
20194,1845,654- 1,4709.112.3-3.2
20204,4196,154- 1,7359.513.3-3.8
::

Ethnic groups

According to the 2021 Census, ethnic Russians make up 64.4% of the republic's total population, while the ethnic Adyghe are 25.7%. Other groups include Armenians (3.3%), Kurds (1.2%), Romani people (0.7%) and Ukrainians (0.6%).

::data[format=table] | Ethnic group | 1926 Census | 1939 Census | 1959 Census | 1970 Census | 1979 Census | 1989 Census | 2002 Census | 2010 Census | 2021 Census1 | Number | % | Number | % | Number | % | Number | % | Number | % | Number | % | Number | % | Number | % | Number | % | |---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---| | Russians | 29,102 | 25.6% | 171,960 | 71.1% | 200,492 | 70.4% | 276,537 | 71.7% | 285,626 | 70.6% | 293,640 | 68.0% | 288,280 | 64.5% | 270,714 | 63.6% | 287,778 | 64.4% | | | | | | | | | | | Adyghe | 50,821 | 44.8% | 55,048 | 22.8% | 65,908 | 23.2% | 81,478 | 21.1% | 86,388 | 21.4% | 95,439 | 22.1% | 108,115 | 24.2% | 109,699 | 25.8% | 114,688 | 25.7%2 | | | | | | | | | | | Armenians | 738 | 0.7% | 2,348 | 1.0% | 3,013 | 1.1% | 5,217 | 1.4% | 6,359 | 1.6% | 10,460 | 2.4% | 15,268 | 3.4% | 15,561 | 3.7% | 14,810 | 3.3% | | | | | | | | | | | Kurds | | | | | | | | | 2 | 0.0% | 262 | 0.1% | 3,631 | 0.8% | 4,528 | 1.1% | 5,233 | 1.2% | | | | | | | | | | | Romani | | | | | | | | | 1,109 | 0.3% | 1,134 | 0.3% | 1,844 | 0.4% | 2,364 | 0.6% | 2,908 | 0.7% | | | | | | | | | | | Ukrainians | 26,405 | 23.3% | 6,130 | 2.5% | 7,988 | 2.8% | 11,214 | 2.9% | 12,078 | 3.0% | 13,755 | 3.2% | 9,091 | 2.0% | 5,856 | 1.4% | 2,810 | 0.6% | | | | | | | | | | | Others | 6,415 | 5.7% | 6,313 | 2.6% | 7,289 | 2.6% | 11,198 | 2.9% | 13,939 | 3.4% | 18,752 | 4.3% | 26,355 | 5.9% | 14,093 | 3.3% | 18,403 | 4.1% | | | | | | | | | | ::

  1. 50,304 people were registered from administrative databases, and could not declare an ethnicity. It is estimated that the proportion of ethnicities in this group is the same as that of the declared group.
  2. Including 397 Kabardins and 16,133 Cherkess.

Religions

::figure[src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b2/Mosque_Maykop.JPG" caption="Maykop Central Mosque"] ::

|title=Religion in Adygea as of 2012 (Sreda Arena Atlas) |float=right |bars=

According to a 2012 survey which interviewed 56,900 people 35.4% of the population of Adygea adheres to the Russian Orthodox Church, 23.6% to Islam, 3% are unaffiliated Christians and 1% are Orthodox Christian believers who do not belong to church or are members of other Orthodox churches. In addition, 19.8% of the population declares to be "spiritual but not religious", 8% is atheist, and 8.6% follows other religions or did not answer to the question.

Education

Adyghe State University and Maykop State Technological University, both in the capital Maykop, are the two major higher education facilities in Adygea.

Economy

::figure[src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c5/Солодовенный_цех_пивоваренного_завода_Майкопа.jpg" caption="Maykop Beer Brewery"] ::

Even though it is one of the poorest parts of Russia, the republic has abundant forests and rich soil. The region is famous for producing grain, sunflowers, tea, tobacco, and other produce. Hog and sheep breeding are also developed.

Food, timber, woodworking, pulp and paper, heavy engineering, and metal-working are the most developed industries.

Transportation

There is a small airport in Maykop (ICAO airport code URKM). Several rail lines pass through the republic.

Culture

::figure[src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/2c/WIKITONGUES-_Yinal_speaking_Adyghe_and_Kabardian.webm" caption="A man speaking Adyghe."] ::

The Adyghe language (Адыгабзэ) is a member of the Northwest Caucasian language family. Along with Russian, Adyghe is the official language of the republic.

There are 8 state and 23 public museums in the republic. The largest museum is the National Museum of the Republic of Adygea in Maykop.

Notable people

References

Notes

Sources

  • {{Cite Russian law |ru_entity=Государственный Совет – Хасэ Республики Адыгея |ru_type=Закон |ru_number=90 |ru_date=7 июня 2007 г. |ru_title=О государственных символах Республики Адыгея (текст в ред. от 7 июня 2007 г.) |ru_effective_date=со дня официального опубликования |ru_published_in="Советская Адыгея", No. 112–113 |ru_published_date=14 июня 2007 г |ru_url=http://www.adygheya.ru/info/symbolism/index.shtml |ru_amendment_type=Закона |ru_amendment_number=91 |ru_amendment_date=28 апреля 2012 г. |ru_amendment_title=О внесении изменений в некоторые Законы Республики Адыгея |en_entity=State Council of the Republic of Adygea |en_type=Law |en_number=90 |en_date=June 7, 2007 |en_title=On the Symbols of State of the Republic of Adygea (text of rev. of June 7, 2007) |en_effective_date=the day of official publication |en_url= |en_amendment_type=Law |en_amendment_number=91 |en_amendment_date=April 28, 2012 |en_amendment_title=On Amending Various Laws of the Republic of Adygea
  • {{Cite Russian law |ru_entity= |ru_type=Закон |ru_number=168-1 |ru_date=14 февраля 1995 г. |ru_title=О праздичных днях и памятных датах |ru_effective_date=14 февраля 1995 г |ru_published_in="Ведомости ЗС (Хасэ) - Парламента РА", No. 15 |ru_published_date=14 февраля 1995 г. |ru_url= |ru_amendment_type=Закона |ru_amendment_number=231 |ru_amendment_date=1 августа 2013 г. |ru_amendment_title=О внесении изменения в статью 3 Закона Республики Адыгея "О праздичных днях и памятных датах" |en_entity= |en_type=Law |en_number=168-1 |en_date=February 14, 1995 |en_title=On Holidays and Memorial Dates |en_effective_date=February 14, 1995 |en_url= |en_amendment_type=Law |en_amendment_number=231 |en_amendment_date=August 1, 2013 |en_amendment_title=On Amending Article 3 of the Law of the Republic of Adygea "On Holidays and Memorial Dates"
  • {{Cite Russian law |ru_entity=Президент Республики Адыгея |ru_type=Распоряжение |ru_number=46-рп |ru_date=2 апреля 2007 г. |ru_title=Об организации официального Интернет-сайта исполнительных органов государственной власти Республики Адыгея |en_entity=President of the Republic of Adygea |en_type=Directive |en_number=46-rp |en_date=April 2, 2007 |en_title=On Creation of the Official Website of the Executive Organs of State Power of the Republic of Adygea
  • {{Cite book |last1=Азаренкова |first1=А. С. |first2=И. Ю. |last2=Бондарь |first3=Н. С. |last3=Вертышева |title=Основные административно-территориальные преобразования на Кубани (1793–1985 гг.) |year=1986 |publisher=Краснодарское книжное издательство |language=ru

References

  1. {{Cite Russian law. ru_amendment_number. ru_amendment_title. en_url. en_amendment_number. en_amendment_title
  2. {{Cite Russian law
  3. Constitution of the Republic of Adygea, Article 7.4.
  4. "Оценка численности постоянного населения по субъектам Российской Федерации". [[Federal State Statistics Service (Russia).
  5. link
  6. Law #90
  7. Constitution of the Republic of Adygea, Article 62
  8. Constitution of the Republic of Adygea, Article 5
  9. Official throughout the Russian Federation according to Article 68.1 of the [[Constitution of Russia]].
  10. Федеральная служба государственной статистики (Federal State Statistics Service). (2004-05-21). "Территория, число районов, населённых пунктов и сельских администраций по субъектам Российской Федерации (''Territory, Number of Districts, Inhabited Localities, and Rural Administration by Federal Subjects of the Russian Federation'')". Federal State Statistics Service.
  11. "Adygeya at merriam-webster.com". m-w.com.
  12. (1998). "Политический альманах России 1997. Том 2. Социально-политические портреты регионов". Московский Центр Карнеги.
  13. Official website of the Republic of Adygea. [http://www.adygheya.ru/info/index.shtml Основные сведения] {{Webarchive. link. (July 23, 2013 {{in lang). ru
  14. (2008). "The Northwest Caucasus: Past, Present, Future". Routledge.
  15. link. Gks.ru
  16. (2017-01-12). "Мурат Кумпилов назначен временно исполняющим обязанности Главы Адыгеи".
  17. [https://expeducation.ru/ru/article/view?id=8504 МОНИТОРИНГ ВОДОХРАНИЛИЩ РЕСПУБЛИКИ АДЫГЕЯ]
  18. [https://ozera.info/russia/ufo/adygea/oktyabrskoe Октябрьское]
  19. Казенин. Константин. (2009). [[Regnum news agency. Regnum]]
  20. State Committee of the Russian Federation on Statistics.{{fcn. (December 2023)
  21. "Federal State Statistics Service data".
  22. "Демографический ежегодник России". [[Federal State Statistics Service (Russia).
  23. "Ожидаемая продолжительность жизни при рождении".
  24. link. Gks.ru. (2010-05-08)
  25. "Национальный состав населения". [[Federal State Statistics Service (Russia).
  26. "ВПН-2010".
  27. [http://sreda.org/en/arena "Arena: Atlas of Religions and Nationalities in Russia"]. Sreda, 2012.
  28. [http://c2.kommersant.ru/ISSUES.PHOTO/OGONIOK/2012/034/ogcyhjk2.jpg 2012 Arena Atlas Religion Maps]. "Ogonek", № 34 (5243), 27/08/2012. Retrieved 21/04/2017. [https://web.archive.org/web/20170421154615/http://c2.kommersant.ru/ISSUES.PHOTO/OGONIOK/2012/034/ogcyhjk2.jpg Archived].

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adygeastates-and-territories-established-in-1991southern-federal-districtsubnational-enclaves-and-exclavesregions-of-europe-with-multiple-official-languagesrepublics-of-russiacountries-and-territories-where-russian-is-an-official-language