1094

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title: "1094" type: doc version: 1 created: 2026-02-28 author: "Wikipedia contributors" status: active scope: public tags: ["1094"] topic_path: "general/1094" source: "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1094" license: "CC BY-SA 4.0" wikipedia_page_id: 0 wikipedia_revision_id: 0

::callout[type=note] 1094 ::

::figure[src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a6/Raymond_IV_of_Toulouse.jpg" caption="Portrait of [[Raymond IV, Count of Toulouse]] from 1094"] ::

Year 1094 (MXCIV) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Julian calendar.

Events

By place

Byzantine Empire

Spring – Emperor Alexios I Komnenos sends a Byzantine expeditionary force under General Tatikios to Nicaea, in an attempt to re-capture the city from the Seljuk Turks. However, the arrival of Barkiyaruq's army en route stops the Byzantines. Alexios sends reinforcements; short of supplies, the Seljuk Turks retreat. Abu'l-Qasim, Seljuk governor of Nicaea, is defeated and forced to conclude a truce with Alexios.

Europe

May – El Cid (Rodrigo Diaz de Vivar) completes his conquest of Valencia in Al-Andalus (modern Spain) and begins his rule (in the name of King Alfonso VI) there. The Almoravid campaign to regain the city fails.
May–June – Duncan, son of the late King Malcolm III of Scotland, gathers a substantial army, chiefly Anglo-Normans from England, and challenges his uncle Donald III ("the Fair") for the Kingdom of Scotland. Duncan is crowned king at Scone.
July 28 – William Bertrand dies, and his margravial title of Provence is inherited by Raymond IV ("Saint-Gilles"), who becomes count of Toulouse (until 1105).
November 12 – Donald III mobilizes his army and kills Duncan II in battle in the Scottish Lowlands, re-taking the Scottish throne.

Fatimid Egypt

After the death of Caliph al-Mustansir Billah, his son-in-law and vizier Al-Afdal declares al-Musta'li, a younger son of al-Mustansir, in a coup d'état as new Caliph. Al-Mustansir's designated heir, Nizar, flees to Alexandria.

Eastern Islamic world

::figure[src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/36/Dinar_of_Abbasid_caliph_of_Baghdad_al-muqtadi.jpg" caption="[[Gold dinar]] of [[al-Muqtadi]] mint at Baghdad"] ::

February 3 – Caliph of Baghdad al-Muqtadi dies and is succeeded by his nominated heir Ahmad (al-Mustazhir).
October – Seljuk sultan Mahmud I dies after a 2-year reign. He is succeeded by his brother Barkiyaruq (one of the Seljuk princes who claim the throne) as ruler of the Seljuk Empire.

By topic

Religion

May 15 – The Cathedral of St. Agatha in Catania (Sicily) is consecrated by the Breton abbot Ansger.
October 8 – Doge Vitale Faliero consecrates the new Basilica of San Marco in Venice.
King Ladislaus I of Hungary founds a diocese (alongside the bishop's see) in Zagreb.
Al-Musta'li becomes the nineteenth imam of Musta'li Ismailism

Births

January 14 – Eudokia Komnene, Byzantine princess (d. 1129)
Abd al-Mu'min, Almohad caliph (approximate date)
Ibn Zuhr (or Avenzoar), Moorish physician (d. 1162)
Malachy, Irish archbishop and saint (d. 1148)
Richard d'Avranches, 2nd Earl of Chester (d. 1120)
Yelü Dashi, founder of the Qara Khitai (d. 1143)

Deaths

January 10 – Al-Mustansir Billah, Fatimid caliph (b. 1029)
February 3
- Al-Muqtadi, Abbasid caliph (b. 1056)
- Teishi, Japanese empress (b. 1013)
June 2 – Nicholas the Pilgrim, Italian shepherd (b. 1075)
June 4 – Sancho V, king of Aragon and Pamplona
July 28 – William Bertrand, margrave of Provence
October 14
- Bertha of Holland, French queen consort
- Fujiwara no Nobunaga, Japanese nobleman (b. 1022)
October – Mahmud I, sultan of the Seljuk Empire
November 12 – Duncan II, king of Scotland
Abu Ali Fana-Khusrau, Buyid nobleman
Al-Bakri, Moorish historian and geographer
Aq Sunqur al-Hajib, Seljuk sultan of Aleppo
Badr al-Jamali, Fatimid vizier and statesman
Isaac Albalia, Andalusian Jewish astronomer (b. 1035)
Jonathan I, Italo-Norman count of Carinola
Michael of Avranches, Italian bishop
Roger de Beaumont, Norman nobleman
Roger de Montgomery, Norman nobleman
Terken Khatun, Seljuk empress and regent
William Fitzeustace, 1st Earl of Gloucester, Norman nobleman
Wulfnoth Godwinson, English nobleman

References

Timothy Venning (2015). ''A Chronology of the Crusades'', p. 24. {{ISBN. 978-1-138-80269-8.
Picard C. (1997). ''La mer et les musulmans d'Occident au Moyen Age''. Paris: Presses Universitaires de France.
Potter, Philip J.. (2009). "Gothic Kings of Britain: The Lives of 31 Medieval Rulers (1016–1399)". McFarland.

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