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Wisconsin's 1st Senate district
American legislative district in northeast Wisconsin
American legislative district in northeast Wisconsin
| Field | Value | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| image | {{switcher | ||||||||||||
| {{maplink | frame | yes | plain=yes | from=Wisconsin's 1st Senate district (2024–2031).map | frame-height=300 | frame-width=400 | frame-coord= | frame-longitude=-77.2 | zoom=7 | overlay-horizontal-alignment=right | overlay-vertical-alignment=bottom | overlay=[[File:2024 WI Sen 01.svg | 100px]] }} |
| {{maplink | frame | yes | plain=yes | from=Wisconsin's 1st Senate district (2022–2023).map | frame-height=300 | frame-width=400 | frame-coord= | frame-longitude=-77.2 | zoom=7 | overlay-horizontal-alignment=right | overlay-vertical-alignment=bottom | overlay=[[File:2024 WI Sen 01.svg | 100px]] }} |
| {{maplink | frame | yes | plain=yes | from=Wisconsin's 1st Senate district (2012–2021).map | frame-height=300 | frame-width=400 | frame-coord= | frame-longitude=-77.2 | zoom=7 | overlay-horizontal-alignment=right | overlay-vertical-alignment=bottom | overlay=[[File:2024 WI Sen 01.svg | 100px]] }} |
| image caption | 2024 map defined in [2023 Wisc. Act 94](https://docs.legis.wisconsin.gov/2023/related/acts/94) | ||||||||||||
| 2022 map defined in *[ Johnson v. Wisconsin Elections Commission](https://www.wicourts.gov/sc/opinion/DisplayDocument.pdf?content=pdf&seqNo=512188)* | |||||||||||||
| 2011 map was defined in [2011 Wisc. Act 43](https://docs.legis.wisconsin.gov/2011/related/acts/43) | |||||||||||||
| composed of Assembly districts 1, 2, and 3 | |||||||||||||
| state | Wisconsin | ||||||||||||
| district | 1 | ||||||||||||
| chamber | Senate | ||||||||||||
| representative | André Jacque | ||||||||||||
| party | Republican | ||||||||||||
| residence | De Pere | ||||||||||||
| incumbentsince | January 7, 2019 () | ||||||||||||
| population | 178,600 | ||||||||||||
| population_year | 2020 | ||||||||||||
| voting_age | 138,622 | ||||||||||||
| percent_white | 92.66 | ||||||||||||
| percent_black | 0.81 | ||||||||||||
| percent_hispanic | 3.1 | ||||||||||||
| percent_asian | 1.35 | ||||||||||||
| percent_native_american | 1.51 | ||||||||||||
| percent_pacific_islander | 0.07 | ||||||||||||
| website | [District website](https://docs.legis.wisconsin.gov/districts/senate/1) | ||||||||||||
| notes | Door Peninsula and northeast Wisconsin |
| | From 2024 to 2031 | | From 2022 to 2023 | | From 2012 to 2021 2022 map defined in Johnson v. Wisconsin Elections Commission 2011 map was defined in 2011 Wisc. Act 43 composed of Assembly districts 1, 2, and 3 The 1st Senate district of Wisconsin is one of 33 districts in the Wisconsin Senate. Located in northeast Wisconsin, the district comprises all of Door and Kewaunee counties, as well as nearly all of Calumet County, much of northern and western Manitowoc County and eastern and southern Brown County, along with parts of southwest Outagamie County. It includes the cities of Sturgeon Bay and Chilton and parts of the cities of Appleton, Menasha, and Green Bay.
Current elected officials
André Jacque is the senator representing the 1st district. He was first elected in the 2018 general election, after losing an earlier bid for the seat in a June 2018 special election. He previously served 8 years in the Wisconsin State Assembly, representing the 2nd Assembly district.
Each Wisconsin State Senate district is composed of three Wisconsin State Assembly districts. The 1st Senate district comprises the 1st, 2nd, and 3rd Assembly districts. The current representatives of those districts are:
- Assembly District 1: Joel Kitchens (R–Sturgeon Bay)
- Assembly District 2: Shae Sortwell (R–Two Rivers)
- Assembly District 3: Ron Tusler (R–Harrison)
Most of the district is located within Wisconsin's 8th congressional district, which is represented by U.S. Representative Tony Wied. The portion of the district in Manitowoc County falls within Wisconsin's 6th congressional district, represented by Glenn Grothman.
File:Potawatomi_Tower_View.jpg|View from the Potawatomi State Park Observation Tower. File:ThirdAvenueHistoricDistrictSturgeonBayWisconsin.jpg|Third Avenue Historic District (Sturgeon Bay, Wisconsin). File:Kewaunee_Lighthouse_Drone.jpg|Kewaunee Pierhead Light. File:Mishicot_WI_aerial_photo.jpg|Mishicot, Wisconsin File:Denmarkdowntown.jpg|Denmark, Wisconsin File:FoxRiverSunsetParkKimberlyWisconsinLookingNortheast.jpg|Fox River from Sunset Park in Kimberly File:ChiltonPostOffice.jpg|Chilton Post Office File:Chilton Wisconsin Downtown Looking East US151.jpg|Uptown Chilton, Wisconsin File:NewHolsteinDowntown.jpg|Downtown New Holstein File:SherwoodWisconsinSWFromEscarpment.jpg|Sherwood viewed from High Cliff State Park
History
At Wisconsin statehood, the Senate had only 19 districts. The 1st District consisted of Brown, Calumet, Manitowoc and Sheboygan counties.
For the 1853 session, the Senate was expanded to 25 members, and the 1st District lost Brown County.
For the 1857 session, the Senate was again expanded, to 30 members, and the District was reduced to Sheboygan County alone (the rest of the district became the new 19th District).
As of 1862, the Senate expanded to 33 seats, a size it would retain well into the 21st century; the 1st District remained unchanged.
The Senate was totally redistricted in 1876; Sheboygan County was now part of the 20th Senate District (along with part of Fond du Lac County). The new 1st District was made up of Door, Kewaunee, Oconto and Shawano counties, which had previously been part of the 2nd and 8th Districts.
Kewaunee and Shawano counties were removed from the district in 1888. Kewaunee was later re-added and Oconto removed in 1892—this district remained consistent for thirty years.
In 1922, the district moved to roughly its present boundaries when Marinette was removed and Manitowoc county was re-added. This district was stable for fifty years.
From 1972 to 2012 the district had been edited 6 times adding and removing small portions of Brown, Calumet, Fond du Lac, Manitowoc, and Outagamie counties.
List of past senators
| Member | Party | Residence | Counties represented | Term start | Term end | Ref. | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| *District created* | |||||||
| Harrison C. Hobart | Dem. | Sheboygan | Brown, Calumet, Manitowoc, Sheboygan | June 5, 1848 | January 1, 1849 | ||
| Lemuel Goodell | Dem. | Stockbridge | January 1, 1849 | January 6, 1851 | |||
| Theodore Conkey | Dem. | Appleton | January 6, 1851 | January 3, 1853 | |||
| Horatio N. Smith | Dem. | Sheboygan | Calumet, Manitowoc, Sheboygan | January 12, 1853 | January 2, 1854 | ||
| Plymouth | January 2, 1854 | January 1, 1855 | |||||
| David Taylor | Rep. | Sheboygan | January 1, 1855 | January 5, 1857 | |||
| Elijah Fox Cook | Dem. | Sheboygan | January 5, 1857 | January 3, 1859 | |||
| Robert H. Hotchkiss | Dem. | Plymouth | January 3, 1859 | January 7, 1861 | |||
| Luther H. Cary | Rep. | Greenbush | January 7, 1861 | January 5, 1863 | |||
| John E. Thomas | Dem. | Sheboygan Falls | January 5, 1863 | January 2, 1865 | |||
| John A. Bentley | Union | Sheboygan | January 2, 1865 | January 7, 1867 | |||
| Van Eps Young | Union | January 7, 1867 | October, 1867 | ||||
| *--Vacant--* | October, 1867 | January 6, 1868 | |||||
| Robert H. Hotchkiss | Dem. | Plymouth | January 6, 1868 | January 4, 1869 | |||
| David Taylor | Rep. | Sheboygan | January 4, 1869 | January 2, 1871 | |||
| John H. Jones | Rep. | January 2, 1871 | January 6, 1873 | ||||
| Patrick H. O'Rourk | Dem. | Cascade | January 6, 1873 | January 5, 1874 | |||
| Lyndon | January 5, 1874 | January 4, 1875 | |||||
| Enos Eastman | Dem. | Plymouth | January 4, 1875 | January 1, 1877 | |||
| George Grimmer | Rep. | Kewaunee | Door, Kewaunee, Oconto, Shawano | January 1, 1877 | January 3, 1881 | ||
| William A. Ellis | Rep. | Peshtigo | Door, Kewaunee, Langlade, Marinette, Oconto, Shawano | January 3, 1881 | January 1, 1883 | ||
| Edward S. Minor | Rep. | Sturgeon Bay | Door, Florence, Kewaunee, Langlade, Marinette, Oconto | January 1, 1883 | January 3, 1887 | ||
| Edward Scofield | Rep. | Oconto | Door, Florence, Forest, Kewaunee, Langlade, Marinette, Oconto | January 1, 1887 | January 7, 1889 | ||
| Door, Marinette, Oconto | January 7, 1889 | February 4, 1891 | |||||
| John Fetzer | Dem. | Forestville | February 4, 1891 | January 2, 1893 | |||
| Door, Kewaunee, Marinette | January 2, 1893 | January 7, 1895 | |||||
| De Wayne Stebbins | Rep. | Ahnapee | January 7, 1895 | January 2, 1899 | |||
| Algoma | January 2, 1899 | June 12, 1901 | |||||
| *--Vacant--* | June 12, 1901 | January 5, 1903 | |||||
| Harlan P. Bird | Rep. | Wausaukee | January 5, 1903 | January 2, 1911 | |||
| M. W. Perry | Rep. | Algoma | January 2, 1911 | January 6, 1919 | |||
| Herbert Peterson | Rep. | Sturgeon Bay | January 6, 1919 | January 1, 1923 | |||
| John E. Cashman | Rep. | Franklin | Door, Kewaunee, Manitowoc | January 1, 1923 | January 5, 1925 | ||
| Denmark | January 5, 1925 | January 7, 1935 | |||||
| Prog. | January 7, 1935 | January 2, 1939 | |||||
| Francis A. Yindra | Dem. | Manitowoc | January 2, 1939 | December 6, 1939 | |||
| *--Vacant--* | December 6, 1939 | January 6, 1941 | |||||
| John E. Cashman | Prog. | Denmark | January 6, 1941 | June 4, 1946 | |||
| *--Vacant--* | June 4, 1946 | January 6, 1947 | |||||
| Everett LaFond | Rep. | Two Rivers | January 6, 1947 | January 3, 1955 | |||
| Alfred A. Laun Jr. | Rep. | Kiel | January 3, 1955 | January 7, 1963 | |||
| Alex Meunier | Rep. | Sturgeon Bay | January 7, 1963 | January 4, 1971 | |||
| Jerome Martin | Dem. | Whitelaw | January 4, 1971 | January 1, 1973 | |||
| Brown, Door, Kewaunee, Manitowoc | January 1, 1973 | January 27, 1977 | |||||
| *--Vacant--* | January 27, 1977 | May 12, 1977 | |||||
| Alan Lasee | Rep. | De Pere | May 12, 1977 | January 3, 1983 | |||
| Green Bay | Brown, Calumet, Door, Kewaunee, Manitowoc | January 3, 1983 | January 7, 1985 | ||||
| Rockland | Brown, Calumet, Door, Fond du Lac, Kewaunee, Manitowoc, Outagamie | January 7, 1985 | January 6, 2003 | ||||
| Brown, Calumet, Door, Kewaunee, Manitowoc, Outagamie | January 6, 2003 | January 3, 2011 | |||||
| Frank Lasee | Rep. | De Pere | January 3, 2011 | December 29, 2017 | |||
| --Vacant-- | December 29, 2017 | June 28, 2018 | |||||
| Caleb Frostman | Dem. | Sturgeon Bay | June 28, 2018 | January 7, 2019 | |||
| André Jacque | Rep. | De Pere | January 7, 2019 | January 6, 2025 | |||
| New Franken | January 6, 2025 | *Current* |
District definition
| Session | Years | District Definition | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| [1st](1st-wisconsin-legislature) | 1848 | [[File:1848 WI Sen 01.svg | frameless | center | 150px]] Brown, Calumet, Manitowoc, and Sheboygan counties | |||
| [2nd](2nd-wisconsin-legislature) | 1849 | |||||||
| [3rd](3rd-wisconsin-legislature) | 1850 | |||||||
| [4th](4th-wisconsin-legislature) | 1851 | |||||||
| [5th](5th-wisconsin-legislature) | 1852 | |||||||
| [6th](6th-wisconsin-legislature) | 1853 | [[File:1852 WI Sen 01.svg | frameless | center | 150px]] Calumet, Manitowoc, and Sheboygan counties | |||
| [7th](7th-wisconsin-legislature) | 1854 | |||||||
| [8th](8th-wisconsin-legislature) | 1855 | |||||||
| [9th](9th-wisconsin-legislature) | 1856 | |||||||
| [10th](10th-wisconsin-legislature) | 1857 | [[File:1856 WI Sen 01.svg | frameless | center | 150px]]1857–1860 | |||
| [[File:1861 WI Sen 01.svg | frameless | center | 150px]]1861–1865 | |||||
| [[File:1866 WI Sen 01.svg | frameless | center | 150px]]1866–1870 | |||||
| [[File:1871 WI Sen 01.svg | frameless | center | 150px]]1871–1875 | |||||
| Sheboygan County | ||||||||
| [11th](11th-wisconsin-legislature) | 1858 | |||||||
| [12th](12th-wisconsin-legislature) | 1859 | |||||||
| [13th](13th-wisconsin-legislature) | 1860 | |||||||
| [14th](14th-wisconsin-legislature) | 1861 | |||||||
| [15th](15th-wisconsin-legislature) | 1862 | |||||||
| [16th](16th-wisconsin-legislature) | 1863 | |||||||
| [17th](17th-wisconsin-legislature) | 1864 | |||||||
| [18th](18th-wisconsin-legislature) | 1865 | |||||||
| [19th](19th-wisconsin-legislature) | 1866 | |||||||
| [20th](20th-wisconsin-legislature) | 1867 | |||||||
| [21st](21st-wisconsin-legislature) | 1868 | |||||||
| [22nd](22nd-wisconsin-legislature) | 1869 | |||||||
| [23rd](23rd-wisconsin-legislature) | 1870 | |||||||
| [24th](24th-wisconsin-legislature) | 1871 | |||||||
| [25th](25th-wisconsin-legislature) | 1872 | |||||||
| [26th](26th-wisconsin-legislature) | 1873 | |||||||
| [27th](27th-wisconsin-legislature) | 1874 | |||||||
| [28th](28th-wisconsin-legislature) | 1875 | |||||||
| [29th](29th-wisconsin-legislature) | 1876 | |||||||
| [30th](30th-wisconsin-legislature) | 1877 | [[File:1876 WI Sen 01.svg | frameless | center | 150px]] Door, Kewaunee, Marinette, Oconto, Shawano counties | |||
| [31st](31st-wisconsin-legislature) | 1878 | |||||||
| [32nd](32nd-wisconsin-legislature) | 1879 | |||||||
| [33rd](33rd-wisconsin-legislature) | 1880 | |||||||
| [34th](34th-wisconsin-legislature) | 1881 | |||||||
| [35th](35th-wisconsin-legislature) | 1882 | |||||||
| [36th](36th-wisconsin-legislature) | 1883–1884 | [[File:1882 WI Sen 01.svg | frameless | center | 150px]] Door, Florence, Kewaunee, Langlade, Marinette, Oconto counties | |||
| [37th](37th-wisconsin-legislature) | 1885–1886 | |||||||
| [38th](38th-wisconsin-legislature) | 1887–1888 | |||||||
| [39th](39th-wisconsin-legislature) | 1889–1890 | [[File:1888 WI Sen 01.svg | frameless | center | 150px]] Door, Marinette, and Oconto counties | |||
| [40th](40th-wisconsin-legislature) | 1891–1892 | |||||||
| [41st](41st-wisconsin-legislature) | 1893–1894 | [[File:1892 WI Sen 01.svg | frameless | center | 150px]] 1892–1895 | |||
| [[File:1896 WI Sen 01.svg | frameless | center | 150px]] 1896–1901 | |||||
| [[File:1902 WI Sen 01.svg | frameless | center | 150px]] 1902–1911 | |||||
| [[File:1912 WI Sen 01.svg | frameless | center | 150px]] 1912–1921 | |||||
| Door, Kewaunee, and Marinette counties | ||||||||
| [42nd](42nd-wisconsin-legislature) | 1895–1896 | |||||||
| [43rd](43rd-wisconsin-legislature) | 1897–1898 | |||||||
| [44th](44th-wisconsin-legislature) | 1899–1900 | |||||||
| [45th](45th-wisconsin-legislature) | 1901–1902 | |||||||
| [46th](46th-wisconsin-legislature) | 1903–1904 | |||||||
| [47th](47th-wisconsin-legislature) | 1905–1906 | |||||||
| [48th](48th-wisconsin-legislature) | 1907–1908 | |||||||
| [49th](49th-wisconsin-legislature) | 1909–1910 | |||||||
| [50th](50th-wisconsin-legislature) | 1911–1912 | |||||||
| [51st](51st-wisconsin-legislature) | 1913–1914 | |||||||
| [52nd](52nd-wisconsin-legislature) | 1915–1916 | |||||||
| [53rd](53rd-wisconsin-legislature) | 1917–1918 | |||||||
| [54th](54th-wisconsin-legislature) | 1919–1920 | |||||||
| [55th](55th-wisconsin-legislature) | 1921–1922 | |||||||
| [56th](56th-wisconsin-legislature) | 1923–1924 | [[File:1922 WI Sen 01.svg | frameless | center | 150px]] 1922–1953 | |||
| [[File:1954 WI Sen 01.svg | frameless | center | 150px]] 1954–1963 | |||||
| [[File:1964 WI Sen 01.svg | frameless | center | 150px]] 1964–1971 | |||||
| Door, Kewaunee, and Manitowoc counties | ||||||||
| [57th](57th-wisconsin-legislature) | 1925–1926 | |||||||
| [58th](58th-wisconsin-legislature) | 1927–1928 | |||||||
| [59th](59th-wisconsin-legislature) | 1929–1930 | |||||||
| [60th](60th-wisconsin-legislature) | 1931–1932 | |||||||
| [61st](61st-wisconsin-legislature) | 1933–1934 | |||||||
| [62nd](62nd-wisconsin-legislature) | 1935–1936 | |||||||
| [63rd](63rd-wisconsin-legislature) | 1937–1938 | |||||||
| [64th](64th-wisconsin-legislature) | 1939–1940 | |||||||
| [65th](65th-wisconsin-legislature) | 1941–1942 | |||||||
| [66th](66th-wisconsin-legislature) | 1943–1944 | |||||||
| [67th](67th-wisconsin-legislature) | 1945–1946 | |||||||
| [68th](68th-wisconsin-legislature) | 1947–1948 | |||||||
| [69th](69th-wisconsin-legislature) | 1949–1950 | |||||||
| [70th](70th-wisconsin-legislature) | 1951–1952 | |||||||
| [71st](71st-wisconsin-legislature) | 1953–1954 | |||||||
| [72nd](72nd-wisconsin-legislature) | 1955–1956 | |||||||
| [73rd](73rd-wisconsin-legislature) | 1957–1958 | |||||||
| [74th](74th-wisconsin-legislature) | 1959–1960 | |||||||
| [75th](75th-wisconsin-legislature) | 1961–1962 | |||||||
| [76th](76th-wisconsin-legislature) | 1963–1964 | |||||||
| [77th](77th-wisconsin-legislature) | 1965–1966 | |||||||
| [78th](78th-wisconsin-legislature) | 1967–1968 | |||||||
| [79th](79th-wisconsin-legislature) | 1969–1970 | |||||||
| [80th](80th-wisconsin-legislature) | 1971–1972 | |||||||
| [81st](81st-wisconsin-legislature) | 1973–1974 | [[File:1972 WI Sen 01.png | frameless | center | 300px]] Door, Kewaunee, and Manitowoc counties, and {{Collapsible list | title=Eastern Brown County | titlestyle=background:transparent;text-align:center;padding-center:1.0em;font-size:85%; | |
| [82nd](82nd-wisconsin-legislature) | 1975–1976 | |||||||
| [83rd](83rd-wisconsin-legislature) | 1977–1978 | |||||||
| [84th](84th-wisconsin-legislature) | 1979–1980 | |||||||
| [85th](85th-wisconsin-legislature) | 1981–1982 | |||||||
| [86th](86th-wisconsin-legislature) | 1983–1984 | [[File:1982 WI Sen 01.png | frameless | center | 300px]] Door and Kewaunee counties, and {{Collapsible list | title=Eastern Brown County, | ||
| northeast Calumet County, | ||||||||
| & northern Manitowoc County | titlestyle=background:transparent;text-align:center;padding-center:1.0em;font-size:85%; | |||||||
| [87th](87th-wisconsin-legislature) | 1985–1986 | Door and Kewaunee counties, and {{Collapsible list | title=Eastern Brown County | titlestyle=background:transparent;text-align:center;padding-center:1.0em;font-size:85%; | ||||
| [88th](88th-wisconsin-legislature) | 1987–1988 | |||||||
| [89th](89th-wisconsin-legislature) | 1989–1990 | |||||||
| [90th](90th-wisconsin-legislature) | 1991–1992 | |||||||
| [91st](91st-wisconsin-legislature) | 1993–1994 | Door and Kewaunee counties, and {{Collapsible list | title=Eastern Brown County | titlestyle=background:transparent;text-align:center;padding-center:1.0em;font-size:85%; | ||||
| [92nd](92nd-wisconsin-legislature) | 1995–1996 | |||||||
| [93rd](93rd-wisconsin-legislature) | 1997–1998 | |||||||
| [94th](94th-wisconsin-legislature) | 1999–2000 | |||||||
| [95th](95th-wisconsin-legislature) | 2001–2002 | |||||||
| [96th](96th-wisconsin-legislature) | 2003–2004 | Door and Kewaunee counties, {{Collapsible list | title=Eastern Brown County | titlestyle=background:transparent;text-align:center;padding-center:1.0em;font-size:85%; | ||||
| [97th](97th-wisconsin-legislature) | 2005–2006 | |||||||
| [98th](98th-wisconsin-legislature) | 2007–2008 | |||||||
| [99th](99th-wisconsin-legislature) | 2009–2010 | |||||||
| [100th](100th-wisconsin-legislature) | 2011–2012 | |||||||
| [101st](101st-wisconsin-legislature) | 2013–2014 | [[File:2011 WI Sen 01.png | frameless | center | 300px]] Door and Kewaunee counties, {{Collapsible list | title=Eastern Brown County | titlestyle=background:transparent;text-align:center;padding-center:1.0em;font-size:85%; | |
| [102nd](102nd-wisconsin-legislature) | 2015–2016 | |||||||
| [103rd](103rd-wisconsin-legislature) | 2017–2018 | |||||||
| [104th](104th-wisconsin-legislature) | 2019–2020 | |||||||
| [105th](105th-wisconsin-legislature) | 2021–2022 | |||||||
| [106th](106th-wisconsin-legislature) | 2023–2024 | [[File:2022 WI Sen 01.png | frameless | center | 300px]] Door and Kewaunee counties, | |||
| northeast Manitowoc County | ||||||||
| eastern and southern Brown County | ||||||||
| northern Calumet County | ||||||||
| part of Outagamie County | ||||||||
| [107th](107th-wisconsin-legislature) | 2025–2026 | [[File:2024 WI Sen 01.svg | frameless | center | 150px]] |
References
References
- "Senate District 1".
- "Wisconsin Legislative Districts - Senate District 1 Boundaries".
- Welter, Liz. (November 7, 2018). "Andre Jacque wins Senate District 1 seat". [[Green Bay Press-Gazette]].
- (June 12, 2018). "Caleb Frostman defeats André Jacque in 1st Senate District special election/". [[Green Bay Press-Gazette]].
- "Senator André Jacque".
- [https://legis.wisconsin.gov/ltsb/gisdocs/CongressionalMaps/Cong_08_Poster_Map.pdf Congressional District Map]
- [http://digital.library.wisc.edu/1711.dl/WI.WIBlueBk1869 ''The legislative manual, of the state of Wisconsin; comprising Jefferson's manual, rules, forms and laws, for the regulation of business; also, lists and tables for reference'' Eighth Annual Edition. Madison: Atwood and Rublee, State Printers, 1869; p. 43]
- "Senator Caleb Frostman".
- "Senator André Jacque".
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