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Virginia's 2nd congressional district

U.S. House district for Virginia

Virginia's 2nd congressional district

U.S. House district for Virginia

FieldValue
stateVirginia
district number2
image name
image captionInteractive map of district boundaries since 2023
representativeJen Kiggans
partyRepublican
residenceVirginia Beach
distribution ref
percent urban92.57
percent rural7.43
population788,048
population year2024
median income$93,827
percent white58.7
percent hispanic7.5
percent black22.0
percent asian5.3
percent more than one race5.7
percent other race0.9
cpviEVEN

| percent more than one race = 5.7

Virginia's 2nd congressional district from January 3, 2023

Virginia's second congressional district is a U.S. congressional district in the Commonwealth of Virginia. It currently encompasses all of the counties of Accomack, Northampton, and Isle of Wight; all of the independent cities of Virginia Beach, Suffolk, and Franklin; part of the independent city of Chesapeake; and part of Southampton County. However, its boundaries have changed greatly over the centuries; it initially encompassed what became West Virginia after the American Civil War. Considered among the nation's most competitive congressional districts, it has been represented by Republican Jen Kiggans since 2023.

The district has a significant military presence. The Hampton Roads area is considered to be a military town.

Republican Scott Rigell defeated Democrat Glenn Nye in the November 2, 2010, election, and took his seat January 3, 2011, serving until 2017, when he was succeeded by Scott Taylor. In the November 6, 2018, election, Democrat Elaine Luria defeated Republican Scott Taylor. In 2022, Luria was defeated by Republican Jen Kiggans.

The responsibility of drawing maps for congressional and state legislative districts passed from the Virginia Redistricting Commission (VRC) to the Supreme Court of Virginia in November 2021. The Supreme Court completed redistricting in December 2021, which was used for the 2022 elections.

Recent election results from statewide races

YearOfficeResults
2008[President](2008-united-states-presidential-election-in-virginia)McCain 51% - 48%
[Senate](2008-united-states-senate-election-in-virginia)Warner 63% - 36%
2009[Governor](2009-virginia-gubernatorial-election)McDonnell 63% - 37%
[Lt. Governor](2009-virginia-lieutenant-gubernatorial-election)Bolling 59% - 41%
[Attorney General](2009-virginia-attorney-general-election)Cuccinelli 62% - 38%
2012[President](2012-united-states-presidential-election-in-virginia)Romney 51% - 47%
[Senate](2012-united-states-senate-election-in-virginia)Allen 50% - 49%
2013[Governor](2013-virginia-gubernatorial-election)Cuccinelli 48% - 45%
[Lt. Governor](2013-virginia-lieutenant-gubernatorial-election)Northam 54% - 46%
[Attorney General](2013-virginia-attorney-general-election)Obenshain 54% - 46%
2014[Senate](2014-united-states-senate-election-in-virginia)Gillespie 52% - 46%
2016[President](2016-united-states-presidential-election-in-virginia)Trump 50% - 44%
2017[Governor](2017-virginia-gubernatorial-election)Northam 50% - 48%
[Lt. Governor](2017-virginia-lieutenant-gubernatorial-election)Vogel 52% - 48%
[Attorney General](2017-virginia-attorney-general-election)Donley Adams 51% - 49%
2018[Senate](2018-united-states-senate-election-in-virginia)Kaine 53% - 45%
2020[President](2020-united-states-presidential-election-in-virginia)Biden 50% - 48%
[Senate](2020-united-states-senate-election-in-virginia)Warner 52% - 48%
2021[Governor](2021-virginia-gubernatorial-election)Youngkin 55% - 44%
[Lt. Governor](2021-virginia-lieutenant-gubernatorial-election)Earle-Sears 56% - 44%
[Attorney General](2021-virginia-attorney-general-election)Miyares 55% - 45%
2024[President](2024-united-states-presidential-election-in-virginia)Trump 49.3% - 49.1%
[Senate](2024-united-states-senate-election-in-virginia)Kaine 51% - 49%
2025[Governor](2025-virginia-gubernatorial-election)Spanberger 54% - 46%
[Lt. Governor](2025-virginia-lieutenant-gubernatorial-election)Hashmi 51% - 48%
[Attorney General](2025-virginia-attorney-general-election)Miyares 50% - 49%

Composition

For the 118th and successive Congresses (based on redistricting following the 2020 census), the district contains all or portions of the following counties and communities:

Accomack County (49)

: All 49 communities

Isle of Wight County (7) : All 7 communities

Northampton County (8)

: All 8 communities

Southampton County (4)

: Courtland, Ivor, Sedley, Southampton Meadows

Independent cities (4)

: Chesapeake (part; also 3rd), Franklin, Suffolk, Virginia Beach

List of members representing the district

RepresentativePartyYearsCong
ressElectoral history
District established March 4, 1789
[[File:Senator John Brown Kentucky.jpg100px]]
**John Brown**
(Charlottesville)Anti-AdministrationnowrapMarch 4, 1789 –
June 1, 1792[Elected in 1789](1789-united-states-house-of-representatives-elections-in-virginia).
[Re-elected in 1790](1790-united-states-house-of-representatives-elections-in-virginia).
Resigned.
*Vacant*nowrapJune 2, 1792 –
March 3, 1793
[[File:Senator Andrew Moore.jpg100px]]
**Andrew Moore**
(Lexington)Anti-AdministrationnowrapMarch 4, 1793 –
March 3, 1795Redistricted from the and [re-elected in 1793](1793-united-states-house-of-representatives-elections-in-virginia).
[Re-elected in 1795](1795-united-states-house-of-representatives-elections-in-virginia).
Retired.
Democratic-RepublicannowrapMarch 4, 1795 –
March 3, 1797
[[File:David Holmes (Mississippi Politician).jpg100px]]
**David Holmes**
(Harrisonburg)Democratic-RepublicannowrapMarch 4, 1797 –
March 3, 1803[Elected in 1797](1797-united-states-house-of-representatives-elections-in-virginia).
[Re-elected in 1799](1799-united-states-house-of-representatives-elections-in-virginia).
[Re-elected in 1801](1801-united-states-house-of-representatives-elections-in-virginia).
Redistricted to the .
**James Stephenson**
(Martinsburg)FederalistnowrapMarch 4, 1803 –
March 3, 1805[Elected in 1803](1803-united-states-house-of-representatives-elections-in-virginia).
Lost re-election.
**John Morrow**Democratic-RepublicannowrapMarch 4, 1805 –
March 3, 1809[Elected in 1805](1805-united-states-house-of-representatives-elections-in-virginia).
[Re-elected in 1807](1807-united-states-house-of-representatives-elections-in-virginia).
Lost re-election.
**James Stephenson**
(Martinsburg)FederalistnowrapMarch 4, 1809 –
March 3, 1811[Elected in 1809](1809-united-states-house-of-representatives-elections-in-virginia).
Lost re-election.
**John Baker**
(Shepherdstown)FederalistnowrapMarch 4, 1811 –
March 3, 1813[Elected in 1811](1811-united-states-house-of-representatives-elections-in-virginia).
Retired.
**Francis White**
(Romney)FederalistnowrapMarch 4, 1813 –
March 3, 1815[Elected in 1813](1813-united-states-house-of-representatives-elections-in-virginia).
Lost re-election.
**Magnus Tate**
(Martinsburg)FederalistnowrapMarch 4, 1815 –
March 3, 1817[Elected in 1815](1815-united-states-house-of-representatives-elections-in-virginia).
Retired.
**Edward Colston**
(Martinsburg)FederalistnowrapMarch 4, 1817 –
March 3, 1819[Elected in 1817](1815-united-states-house-of-representatives-elections-in-virginia).
Lost re-election.
**Thomas Van Swearingen**
(Shepherdstown)FederalistnowrapMarch 4, 1819 –
August 19, 1822[Elected in 1819](1819-united-states-house-of-representatives-elections-in-virginia).
[Re-elected in 1821](1821-united-states-house-of-representatives-elections-in-virginia).
Died.
*Vacant*nowrapAugust 19, 1822 –
October 28, 1822
**James Stephenson**
(Martinsburg)FederalistnowrapOctober 28, 1822 –
March 3, 1823[Elected to finish Van Swearingen's term](1822-virginia-s-2nd-congressional-district-special-election) and seated December 2, 1822.
Redistricted to the .
**Arthur Smith**
(Smithfield)Democratic-RepublicannowrapMarch 4, 1823 –
March 3, 1825Redistricted from the and [Re-elected in 1823](1823-united-states-house-of-representatives-elections-in-virginia).
Retired.
**James Trezvant**
(Jerusalem)JacksoniannowrapMarch 4, 1825 –
March 3, 1831[Elected in 1825](1825-united-states-house-of-representatives-elections-in-virginia).
[Re-elected in 1827](1827-united-states-house-of-representatives-elections-in-virginia).
[Re-elected in 1829](1829-united-states-house-of-representatives-elections-in-virginia).
[[File:JYMason.jpg100px]]
**John Y. Mason**
(Hicksford)JacksoniannowrapMarch 4, 1831 –
January 11, 1837[Elected in 1831](1831-united-states-house-of-representatives-elections-in-virginia).
[Re-elected in 1833](1833-united-states-house-of-representatives-elections-in-virginia).
[Re-elected in 1835](1835-united-states-house-of-representatives-elections-in-virginia).
Resigned.
*Vacant*nowrapJanuary 12, 1837 –
March 3, 1837
**Francis E. Rives**
(Littleton)DemocraticnowrapMarch 4, 1837 –
March 3, 1841[Elected in 1837](1837-united-states-house-of-representatives-elections-in-virginia).
[Re-elected in 1839](1839-united-states-house-of-representatives-elections-in-virginia).
Retired.
**George B. Cary**
(Bethlehem)DemocraticnowrapMarch 4, 1841 –
March 3, 1843[Elected in 1841](1841-united-states-house-of-representatives-elections-in-virginia).
Retired.
[[File:George Coke Dromgoole Portrait.jpg100px]]
**George Dromgoole**
(Summit)DemocraticnowrapMarch 4, 1843 –
April 27, 1847[Elected in 1843](1843-united-states-house-of-representatives-elections-in-virginia).
[Re-elected in 1845](1845-united-states-house-of-representatives-elections-in-virginia).
Died.
*Vacant*nowrapApril 27, 1847 –
August 5, 1847
**Richard K. Meade**
(Petersburg)DemocraticnowrapAugust 5, 1847 –
March 3, 1853[Elected to finish Dromgoole's term](1847-virginia-s-2nd-congressional-district-special-election).
[Re-elected in 1847](1847-united-states-house-of-representatives-elections-in-virginia).
[Re-elected in 1849](1849-united-states-house-of-representatives-elections-in-virginia).
[Re-elected in 1851](1851-united-states-house-of-representatives-elections-in-virginia).
Lost renomination.
[[File:JohnMillson.jpg100px]]
**John Millson**
(Norfolk)DemocraticnowrapMarch 4, 1853 –
March 3, 1861[Elected in 1853](1853-united-states-house-of-representatives-elections-in-virginia).
[Re-elected in 1855](1855-united-states-house-of-representatives-elections-in-virginia).
[Re-elected in 1857](1857-united-states-house-of-representatives-elections-in-virginia).
[Re-elected in 1859](1859-united-states-house-of-representatives-elections-in-virginia).
Retired.
*District inactive*nowrapMarch 4, 1861 –
January 26, 1870*Civil War and Reconstruction*
**James H. Platt Jr.**
(Norfolk)RepublicannowrapJanuary 27, 1870 –
March 3, 1875[Elected in 1870](1870-united-states-house-of-representatives-elections-in-virginia).
[Re-elected in 1872](1872-united-states-house-of-representatives-elections-in-virginia).
Lost re-election.
[[File:John Goode - Brady-Handy.jpg100px]]
**John Goode Jr.**
(Norfolk)DemocraticnowrapMarch 4, 1875 –
March 3, 1881[Elected in 1874](1874-united-states-house-of-representatives-elections-in-virginia).
[Re-elected in 1876](1876-united-states-house-of-representatives-elections-in-virginia).
[Re-elected in 1878](1878-united-states-house-of-representatives-elections-in-virginia).
Lost re-election.
[[File:John F. Dezendorf.jpg100px]]
**John F. Dezendorf**
(Norfolk)RepublicannowrapMarch 4, 1881 –
March 3, 1883[Elected in 1880](1880-united-states-house-of-representatives-elections-in-virginia).
Retired.
[[File:Harry Libbey.jpg100px]]
**Harry Libbey**
(Old Point Comfort)ReadjusternowrapMarch 4, 1883 –
March 3, 1885[Elected in 1882](1882-united-states-house-of-representatives-elections-in-virginia).
RepublicannowrapMarch 4, 1885 –
March 3, 1887[Elected in 1884](1884-united-states-house-of-representatives-elections-in-virginia).
Lost re-election.
[[File:George E. Bowden.jpg100px]]
**George E. Bowden**
(Norfolk)RepublicannowrapMarch 4, 1887 –
March 3, 1891[Elected in 1886](1886-united-states-house-of-representatives-elections-in-virginia).
[Re-elected in 1888](1888-united-states-house-of-representatives-elections-in-virginia).
Lost re-election.
[[File:John W. Lawson.jpg100px]]
**John W. Lawson**
(Isle of Wight)DemocraticnowrapMarch 4, 1891 –
March 3, 1893[Elected in 1890](1890-united-states-house-of-representatives-elections-in-virginia).
Retired.
[[File:DavidGardinerTyler.jpg100px]]
**David Gardiner Tyler**
(Sturgeon Point)DemocraticnowrapMarch 4, 1893 –
March 3, 1897[Elected in 1892](1892-united-states-house-of-representatives-elections-in-virginia).
[Re-elected in 1894](1894-united-states-house-of-representatives-elections-in-virginia).
Lost re-election.
**William A. Young**
(Norfolk)DemocraticnowrapMarch 4, 1897 –
April 26, 1898Election invalidated.
[[File:Richard Alsop Wise.jpg100px]]
**Richard A. Wise**
(Williamsburg)RepublicannowrapApril 26, 1898 –
March 3, 1899[Elected in 1898](1896-united-states-house-of-representatives-elections-in-virginia).
Lost re-election.
**William A. Young**
(Norfolk)DemocraticnowrapMarch 4, 1899 –
March 12, 1900Election invalidated
[[File:Richard Alsop Wise.jpg100px]]
**Richard A. Wise**
(Williamsburg)RepublicannowrapMarch 12, 1900 –
December 21, 1900[Elected in 1900](1898-united-states-house-of-representatives-elections-in-virginia).
Died.
*Vacant*nowrapDecember 21, 1900 –
March 3, 1901
[[File:Harry Lee Maynard.jpg100px]]
**Harry L. Maynard**
(Portsmouth)DemocraticnowrapMarch 4, 1901 –
March 3, 1911[Elected in 1900](1900-united-states-house-of-representatives-elections-in-virginia).
[Re-elected in 1902](1902-united-states-house-of-representatives-elections-in-virginia).
[Re-elected in 1904](1904-united-states-house-of-representatives-elections-in-virginia).
[Re-elected in 1906](1906-united-states-house-of-representatives-elections-in-virginia).
[Re-elected in 1908](1908-united-states-house-of-representatives-elections-in-virginia).
Lost re-election.
[[File:EdwardEverettHolland.jpg100px]]
**Edward E. Holland**
(Suffolk)DemocraticnowrapMarch 4, 1911 –
March 3, 1921[Elected in 1910](1910-united-states-house-of-representatives-elections-in-virginia).
[Re-elected in 1912](1912-united-states-house-of-representatives-elections-in-virginia).
[Re-elected in 1914](1914-united-states-house-of-representatives-elections-in-virginia).
[Re-elected in 1916](1916-united-states-house-of-representatives-elections-in-virginia).
[Re-elected in 1918](1918-united-states-house-of-representatives-elections-in-virginia).
Retired.
[[File:JosephTDeal.jpg100px]]
**Joseph T. Deal**
(Norfolk)DemocraticnowrapMarch 4, 1921 –
March 3, 1929[Elected in 1920](1920-united-states-house-of-representatives-elections-in-virginia).
[Re-elected in 1922](1922-united-states-house-of-representatives-elections-in-virginia).
[Re-elected in 1924](1924-united-states-house-of-representatives-elections-in-virginia).
[Re-elected in 1926](1926-united-states-house-of-representatives-elections-in-virginia).
Lost re-election.
**Menalcus Lankford**
(Norfolk)RepublicannowrapMarch 4, 1929 –
March 3, 1933[Elected in 1928](1928-united-states-house-of-representatives-elections-in-virginia).
[Re-elected in 1930](1930-united-states-house-of-representatives-elections-in-virginia).
Lost re-election.
*District inactive*nowrapMarch 4, 1933 –
January 3, 1935
[[File:Colgate Darden (VA).png100px]]
**Colgate Darden**
(Norfolk)DemocraticnowrapJanuary 3, 1935 –
January 3, 1937[Elected in 1934](1934-united-states-house-of-representatives-elections-in-virginia).
Lost renomination.
[[File:Norman Rond Hamilton (November 13, 1877 - March 26, 1964) in 1916 (cropped).jpg100px]]
**Norman R. Hamilton**
(Portsmouth)DemocraticnowrapJanuary 3, 1937 –
January 3, 1939[Elected in 1936](1936-united-states-house-of-representatives-elections-in-virginia).
Lost renomination.
[[File:Colgate W. Darden (Virginia Governor).jpg100px]]
**Colgate Darden**
(Norfolk)DemocraticnowrapJanuary 3, 1939 –
March 1, 1941[Elected in 1938](1938-united-states-house-of-representatives-elections-in-virginia).
[Re-elected in 1940](1940-united-states-house-of-representatives-elections-in-virginia).
Resigned to run for Governor of Virginia.
*Vacant*nowrapMarch 1, 1941 –
April 8, 1941
**Winder R. Harris**
(Norfolk)DemocraticnowrapApril 8, 1941 –
September 15, 1944[Elected to finish Darden's term](1941-virginia-s-2nd-congressional-district-special-election).
[Re-elected in 1942](1942-united-states-house-of-representatives-elections-in-virginia).
Resigned.
*Vacant*nowrapSeptember 15, 1944 –
November 7, 1944
[[File:Ralph Hunter Daughton.jpg100px]]
**Ralph H. Daughton**
(Norfolk)DemocraticnowrapNovember 7, 1944 –
January 3, 1947[Elected to finish Harris' term](1944-virginia-s-2nd-congressional-district-special-election).
[Simultaneously elected to a full term in 1944](1944-united-states-house-of-representatives-elections-in-virginia).
Lost renomination.
[[File:Porter Hardy, Jr.jpg100px]]
**Porter Hardy Jr.**
(Portsmouth)DemocraticnowrapJanuary 3, 1947 –
January 3, 1969[Elected in 1946](1946-united-states-house-of-representatives-elections-in-virginia).
[Re-elected in 1948](1948-united-states-house-of-representatives-elections-in-virginia).
[Re-elected in 1950](1950-united-states-house-of-representatives-elections-in-virginia).
[Re-elected in 1952](1952-united-states-house-of-representatives-elections-in-virginia).
[Re-elected in 1954](1954-united-states-house-of-representatives-elections-in-virginia).
[Re-elected in 1956](1956-united-states-house-of-representatives-elections-in-virginia).
[Re-elected in 1958](1958-united-states-house-of-representatives-elections-in-virginia).
[Re-elected in 1960](1960-united-states-house-of-representatives-elections-in-virginia).
[Re-elected in 1962](1962-united-states-house-of-representatives-elections-in-virginia).
[Re-elected in 1964](1964-united-states-house-of-representatives-elections-in-virginia).
[Re-elected in 1966](1966-united-states-house-of-representatives-elections-in-virginia).
Retired.
[[File:1985 p137 George William Whitehurst.jpg100px]]
**G. William Whitehurst**
(Norfolk)RepublicannowrapJanuary 3, 1969 –
January 3, 1987[Elected in 1968](1968-united-states-house-of-representatives-elections-in-virginia).
[Re-elected in 1970](1970-united-states-house-of-representatives-elections-in-virginia).
[Re-elected in 1972](1972-united-states-house-of-representatives-elections-in-virginia).
[Re-elected in 1974](1974-united-states-house-of-representatives-elections-in-virginia).
[Re-elected in 1976](1976-united-states-house-of-representatives-elections-in-virginia).
[Re-elected in 1978](1978-united-states-house-of-representatives-elections-in-virginia).
[Re-elected in 1980](1980-united-states-house-of-representatives-elections-in-virginia).
[Re-elected in 1982](1982-united-states-house-of-representatives-elections-in-virginia).
[Re-elected in 1984](1984-united-states-house-of-representatives-elections-in-virginia).
Retired.
[[File:Owen Pickett 106th Congress.jpg100px]]
**Owen B. Pickett**
(Virginia Beach)DemocraticnowrapJanuary 3, 1987 –
January 3, 2001[Elected in 1986](1986-united-states-house-of-representatives-elections-in-virginia).
[Re-elected in 1988](1988-united-states-house-of-representatives-elections-in-virginia).
[Re-elected in 1990](1990-united-states-house-of-representatives-elections-in-virginia).
[Re-elected in 1992](1992-united-states-house-of-representatives-elections-in-virginia).
[Re-elected in 1994](1994-united-states-house-of-representatives-elections-in-virginia).
[Re-elected in 1996](1996-united-states-house-of-representatives-elections-in-virginia).
[Re-elected in 1998](1998-united-states-house-of-representatives-elections-in-virginia).
Retired.
[[File:Ed Schrock.jpg100px]]
**Ed Schrock**
(Virginia Beach)RepublicannowrapJanuary 3, 2001 –
January 3, 2005[Elected in 2000](2000-united-states-house-of-representatives-elections-in-virginia).
[Re-elected in 2002](2002-united-states-house-of-representatives-elections-in-virginia).
Retired.
[[File:Thelma Drake3.jpg100px]]
**Thelma Drake**
(Norfolk)RepublicannowrapJanuary 3, 2005 –
January 3, 2009[Elected in 2004](2004-united-states-house-of-representatives-elections-in-virginia).
[Re-elected in 2006](2006-united-states-house-of-representatives-elections-in-virginia).
Lost re-election.
[[File:Glenn Nye Official Photo.jpg100px]]
**Glenn Nye**
(Norfolk)DemocraticnowrapJanuary 3, 2009 –
January 3, 2011[Elected in 2008](2008-united-states-house-of-representatives-elections-in-virginia).
Lost re-election.
[[File:Scott Rigell Official Photo.jpg100px]]
**Scott Rigell**
(Virginia Beach)RepublicannowrapJanuary 3, 2011 –
January 3, 2017[Elected in 2010](2010-united-states-house-of-representatives-elections-in-virginia).
[Re-elected in 2012](2012-united-states-house-of-representatives-elections-in-virginia).
[Re-elected in 2014](2014-united-states-house-of-representatives-elections-in-virginia).
Retired.
[[File:Scott Taylor official photo.jpg100px]]
**Scott Taylor**
(Virginia Beach)RepublicannowrapJanuary 3, 2017 –
January 3, 2019[Elected in 2016](2016-united-states-house-of-representatives-elections-in-virginia).
Lost re-election.
[[File:Rep. Elaine Luria official photo, 117th Congress.jpg100px]]
**Elaine Luria**
(Norfolk)DemocraticnowrapJanuary 3, 2019 –
January 3, 2023[Elected in 2018](2018-united-states-house-of-representatives-elections-in-virginia).
[Re-elected in 2020](2020-united-states-house-of-representatives-elections-in-virginia).
Lost re-election.
[[File:Rep. Jen Kiggans official photo.jpg100px]]
**Jen Kiggans**
(Virginia Beach)RepublicannowrapJanuary 3, 2023 –
present[Elected in 2022](2022-united-states-house-of-representatives-elections-in-virginia).
[Re-elected in 2024](2024-united-states-house-of-representatives-elections-in-virginia-district-2).

Election results

1980s

1990s

2000s

2010s

2020s

Historical district boundaries

The Virginia Second District started in 1788 covering the counties of Mercer, Jefferson, Fayette, Bourbon, Lincoln, Nelson and Madison.

'''2003–2013'''}}
'''2013–2017'''}}
'''2017–2023'''}}

References

References

  1. "Congressional Districts Relationship Files (state-based)". US Census Bureau Geography.
  2. "My Congressional District". Center for New Media & Promotion (CNMP), US Census Bureau.
  3. "My Congressional District".
  4. (April 3, 2025). "2025 Cook PVI℠: District Map and List (119th Congress)".
  5. "Military Posts".
  6. "Naval Air Station Oceana {{!}} Base Overview & Info {{!}} MilitaryINSTALLATIONS".
  7. "Virginia Redistricting Commission".
  8. "DRA 2020".
  9. "Virginia – Congressional District 2". [[United States Census Bureau]].
  10. "Election Results | Virginia Department of Elections".
  11. "2016 November General Congress". Virginia State Board of Elections.
  12. "2018 November General Congress". Virginia State Board of Elections.
  13. (November 11, 2020). "2020 November General Official Results".
  14. (November 8, 2022). "2022 November General".
  15. [https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=nyp.33433081883278&seq=657 Statute of 20 November 1788]
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