Pruszków

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title: "Pruszków" type: doc version: 1 created: 2026-02-28 author: "Wikipedia contributors" status: active scope: public tags: ["cities-and-towns-in-masovian-voivodeship", "pruszków-county", "holocaust-locations-in-poland"] topic_path: "geography" source: "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pruszków" license: "CC BY-SA 4.0" wikipedia_page_id: 0 wikipedia_revision_id: 0

::data[format=table title="Infobox settlement"]

FieldValue
namePruszków
image_skyline{{multiple image
borderinfobox
total_width270
image_styleborder:1;
perrow1/2/2
image1Centrum Pruszkowa - panoramio.jpgCentral part of the city
image2A-664 z 4012006 Pałacyk Sokoła 1867 - 2.jpgSokół Palace
image3Budynek Dyrekcji ZNTK w Pruszkowie 01.JPGBuilding of the Management Board of ZNTK (Railway Repair Works)
image4Pruszków, pałacyk Potulickich.jpgPotulicki Palace, now registry office
image5Dulag 121 Museum Pruszków 03.JPGDulag 121 Museum
caption1Central part of the city
caption2Sokół Palace
caption3Railway Repair Works Management Board
caption4Potulicki Palace
caption5Dulag 121 Museum}}
image_flagPOL Pruszków flag.svg
image_shieldPOL Pruszków COA.svg
mottoKolej na Pruszków!
It's Pruszków's turn!
pushpin_mapPoland
pushpin_label_positionbottom
coordinates
subdivision_name
subdivision_typeCountry
subdivision_type1Voivodeship
subdivision_name1Masovian Voivodeship
subdivision_type2County
subdivision_name2Pruszków
subdivision_type3Gmina
subdivision_name3Pruszków (urban gmina)
established_titleFirst mentioned
established_date15th century
established_title3City rights
established_date31916
leader_titleCity mayor
leader_namePiotr Bąk
area_total_km219.15
population_as_of31 December 2021
population_total62750
population_density_km2auto
postal_code_typePostal code
postal_code05-800, 05-802, 05-803,
05-804
area_code+48 22
websitehttp://www.pruszkow.pl/
timezoneCET
utc_offset+1
timezone_DSTCEST
utc_offset_DST+2
registration_plateWPR
::

| name = Pruszków | image_skyline = {{multiple image | border = infobox | total_width = 270 | image_style = border:1; | perrow = 1/2/2 | image1 = Centrum Pruszkowa - panoramio.jpgCentral part of the city | image2 = A-664 z 4012006 Pałacyk Sokoła 1867 - 2.jpgSokół Palace | image3 = Budynek Dyrekcji ZNTK w Pruszkowie 01.JPGBuilding of the Management Board of ZNTK (Railway Repair Works) | image4 = Pruszków, pałacyk Potulickich.jpgPotulicki Palace, now registry office | image5 = Dulag 121 Museum Pruszków 03.JPGDulag 121 Museum | caption1 = Central part of the city | caption2 = Sokół Palace | caption3 = Railway Repair Works Management Board | caption4 = Potulicki Palace | caption5 = Dulag 121 Museum}} | image_flag = POL Pruszków flag.svg | image_shield = POL Pruszków COA.svg | motto = Kolej na Pruszków! It's Pruszków's turn! | pushpin_map = Poland | pushpin_label_position = bottom | coordinates = | subdivision_name = | subdivision_type = Country | subdivision_type1 = Voivodeship | subdivision_name1 = Masovian Voivodeship | subdivision_type2 = County | subdivision_name2 = Pruszków | subdivision_type3 = Gmina | subdivision_name3 = Pruszków (urban gmina) | established_title = First mentioned | established_date = 15th century | established_title3 = City rights | established_date3 = 1916 | leader_title = City mayor | leader_name = Piotr Bąk | area_total_km2 = 19.15 | population_as_of = 31 December 2021 | population_total = 62750 | population_density_km2 = auto | postal_code_type = Postal code | postal_code = 05-800, 05-802, 05-803, 05-804 | area_code = +48 22 | website = http://www.pruszkow.pl/ | timezone = CET | utc_offset = +1 | timezone_DST = CEST | utc_offset_DST = +2 | registration_plate = WPR Pruszków is a city in east-central Poland, capital of Pruszków County in the Masovian Voivodeship. Pruszków is located along the western edge of the Warsaw metropolitan area.

Pruszków is the largest city in the Warsaw metropolitan area outside Warsaw. Since the 19th century it has developed as an industrial centre located on an important railway line. In the 1990s and 2000s the city was synonymous with the "Pruszków gang", one of two major organised crime groups in the country. It is known for the country's chief indoor velodrome and the Dulag 121 Museum at the former Nazi German camp for Poles expelled from Warsaw.

History

Early history

::figure[src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/ca/Pruszkow_-dworzec_kolejowy.okolo_1932(72788682)(cropped).jpg" caption="Pruszków railway station in the 1930s"] ::

Pruszków was incorporated as a town in 1916 during World War I, although the village was first mentioned in chronicles in the 15th century. Within the Kingdom of Poland, it was a private village of Polish nobility, administratively located in the Masovian Voivodeship in the Greater Poland Province. The development of the town was aided by the construction of the Warsaw-Vienna Railway in the 19th century and the construction of the Elektryczna Kolej Dojazdowa (now Warszawska Kolej Dojazdowa), Poland's first electrified commuter train line, in 1927. In the late 19th century, industry developed intensively in Pruszków. There were needles, porcelain, faience, and soap factories in Pruszków. A large psychiatric hospital opened in the outlying village of Tworki in 1891 and is still operating to this day.

During World War I, a battle between German and Russian forces took place in Pruszków on 12–18 October 1914 (part of Battle of the Vistula River). Despite the initial success of the German forces on 12 October, they were push-backed out of town after successful Russian counter-attack on 14th. An intense artillery fire by both sides caused severe damages to many buildings in Pruszków including train station, power plant, and two churches. In August 1915 Pruszków was taken by the German forces without a fight.

Within interwar Poland, it was administratively located in the Warsaw County in the Warsaw Voivodeship. According to the 1921 census, the population was 94.2% Polish and 5.6% Jewish.

World War II

::figure[src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/0d/Miejsce_upamiętnienia_żołnierzom_28_Dywizji_Piechoty_i_2_Dywizji_Piechoty_Legionów_Wojska_Polskiego_w_Tworkach.jpg" caption="Cemetery of Polish soldiers killed during the German [[invasion of Poland]] in September 1939"] ::

The city was occupied by Germany following the German–Soviet invasion of Poland, which started World War II in September 1939. On 14 December 1939, the Germans murdered 46 Poles from Pruszków during the large Palmiry massacre. Before the invasion, the city had a large Jewish population. In 1940, the German occupation authorities established a Jewish ghetto in Pruszków, in order to confine its Jewish population for the purpose of persecution and exploitation. The ghetto was liquidated on 31 January 1941, when all its 1,400–3,000 inhabitants were transported in cattle trucks to Warsaw Ghetto, the largest ghetto in all of Nazi occupied Europe with over 400,000 Jews crammed into an area of 1.3 sqmi. From there, most victims were sent to Treblinka extermination camp. ::figure[src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c5/Powstańcy_warszawscy_po_kapitulacji_w_Pruszkowie_październik_1944.jpg" caption="Polish insurgents]] in Pruszków in October 1944 after Warsaw's capitulation"] ::

During the 1944 Warsaw Uprising, the Nazis created the large Durchgangslager 121 (Dulag 121) transit camp in Pruszków on the site of the Train Repair Shops (Zakłady Naprawcze Taboru Kolejowego) to intern the evacuees expelled from the capital. Around 550,000 Warsaw residents and approximately 100,000 more from its outskirts were incarcerated in the camp. The SS and Gestapo segregated the Poles, who were then either deported to forced labour in Germany, sent to Nazi concentration camps, or expelled to more southern locations of German-occupied Poland. Approximately 650,000 Poles passed through the Pruszków camp in August, September and October 1944. Approximately 55,000 were sent to concentration camps, including 13,500 to Auschwitz, 12,000 to Ravensbrück and 8,700 to Mauthausen. The Germans murdered several Polish Catholic monks and nuns in the camp.

Following the Soviet westward offensive, on 26 March 1945, the 16 members of the Polish Underground Government were invited by the Russians for talks, to a house in Pruszków on Armii Krajowej Street. They were captured by the Soviet NKVD agents, transported to USSR, imprisoned, tortured and sentenced in Moscow during the so-called Trial of the Sixteen.

Post-war Poland

| image1 = Pruszków, kościół Niepokalanego Poczęcia NMP.jpg | image2 = Parafia św. Kazimierza w Pruszkowie.jpg | caption1 = Immaculate Conception Church | caption2 = St. Casimir Church After World War II, Pruszków became one of Masovia's largest industrial centers. It was previously in Warszawa Voivodeship (1975–1998). Due to its proximity to Warsaw, it is now home to several factories and companies, including Herbapol, Daewoo Electronics, L'Oréal Cosmetics as well as logistic centers. It is also an important sports center, with a sports gymnasium, soccer stadium and a cycling course.

Crime

The most well known of the Polish organised crime groups in the 1990s was the so-called "Pruszków mafia" and their arch-nemesis, the "Wołomin mafia", with whom they fought bloody turf wars. Eventually the groups were finally crushed by the Polish police in cooperation with the German police in a spectacular raid on the A2 motorway between Konin and Poznań in September 2011.

Population

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Sports

::figure[src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5d/Velodrome_BGŻ_Arena_in_Pruszków_01.jpg" caption="[[BGŻ Arena]] indoor velodrome"] ::

The city's local football team is Znicz Pruszków. It plays in the second division since 2023 where they previously competed between 2007-2010 and 2016-2017. Robert Lewandowski played for Znicz from 2006 to 2008, whereas Pruszków-born Jacek Gmoch and Radosław Majewski also played in Znicz: Gmoch from 1953 to 1958, Majewski from 2002 to 2006.

The city has two professional basketball teams: women's and the basketball section of the football club, men's Znicz Basket Pruszków.

The Pruszków Arena is a modern indoor velodrome.

Buildings and structures

256 metres tall chimney of former "Pruszków II Power Plant", now used as radio tower.

Education

  • Physical Culture and Tourism High School (Wyższa Szkoła Kultury Fizycznej i Turystyki)

Notable people

::figure[src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/2d/Kamienica_przy_ul._Ołówkowej_14_w_Pruszkowie.JPG" caption="Childhood home of Polish poet [[Jan Lechoń"] ::

References

References

  1. "Local Data Bank". Statistics Poland.
  2. "Trzeci grosik dla żołnierzy na straży Macierzy / Pruszków kontra Wołomin, sędzia od obu bierze".
  3. . (1888). "Słownik geograficzny Królestwa Polskiego i innych krajów słowiańskich, Tom IX".
  4. Tworki is an administrative part of Pruszków today
  5. Wardzyńska, Maria. (2009). "Był rok 1939. Operacja niemieckiej policji bezpieczeństwa w Polsce. Intelligenzaktion". [[Institute of National Remembrance.
  6. [http://www.holocaustchronicle.org/staticpages/176.html "The War Against The Jews."] ''The Holocaust Chronicle,'' 2009. Chicago, Il. Accessed 21 June 2011.
  7. The statistical data compiled on the basis of [http://www.sztetl.org.pl/en/selectcity/ "Glossary of 2,077 Jewish towns in Poland"] {{webarchive. link. (8 February 2016 by ''[[Virtual Shtetl]]'' [[Museum of the History of the Polish Jews]]  {{in lang). en, as well as [http://www.izrael.badacz.org/historia/szoa_getto.html "Getta Żydowskie," by ''Gedeon''],  {{in lang. pl and "Ghetto List" by Michael Peters at www.deathcamps.org/occupation/ghettolist.htm  {{in lang. en. Accessed 12 July 2011.
  8. [http://www.ushmm.org/wlc/article.php?lang=en&ModuleId=10005069 Warsaw Ghetto], [[United States Holocaust Memorial Museum]] (USHMM), [[Washington, D.C.]]
  9. [[Richard C. Lukas]], ''Out of the Inferno: Poles Remember the Holocaust'', University Press of Kentucky 1989 – 201 pages. Page 13; also in Richard C. Lukas, ''The Forgotten Holocaust: The Poles Under German Occupation, 1939-1944'', University Press of Kentucky, 1986, [https://books.google.com/books?id=lz9obsxmuW4C&dq=%22&pg=PA13 Google Print, p.13].
  10. [[Gunnar S. Paulsson]], "The Rescue of Jews by Non-Jews in Nazi-Occupied Poland," ''Journal of Holocaust Education'', Vol.7, Nos.1&2, 1998, pp.19-44. Published by Frank Cass, London.
  11. Edward Victor, [http://www.edwardvictor.com/Holocaust/ghetto_home_main.htm "Ghettos and Other Jewish Communities."] {{Webarchive. link. (9 October 2019 ''Judaica Philatelic''. Accessed 20 June 2011.)
  12. "Transporty z obozu Dulag 121".
  13. link. (26 August 2011 Auschwitz-Birkenau Museum. On the Sixtieth Anniversary of the Warsaw Uprising. Accessed 13 July 2011.)
  14. "Józef Cisek".
  15. "Janina Kamilk".
  16. "Bronisława Rochowicz".
  17. "Head of the Polish MI on the priorities and key strategies of the Ministry – News – Ministry of the Interior and Administration". Msw.gov.pl.
  18. Klaus Bachmann. (1970-01-01). ""Nikos" Skotarczak starb bei Frühstück im Nachtclub: Gründervater der Auto-Mafia erschossen | Berliner Zeitung". Berliner-zeitung.de.
  19. Kacper Guzek. (29 September 2011). "Policja rozbiła gang samochodowy z Wołomina. Widowiskowa akcja na autostradzie". [[Super Express (newspaper).
  20. . (1925). "Skorowidz miejscowości Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej". *Główny Urząd Statystyczny*.
  21. . (1932). "Wiadomości Statystyczne Głównego Urzędu Statystycznego". *Główny Urząd Statystyczny*.
  22. . (1967). "Dokumentacja Geograficzna". *Instytut Geografii [[Polish Academy of Sciences*.
  23. . (2011). ["Stan i struktura ludności oraz ruch naturalny w przekroju terytorialnym w 2010 r."](https://stat.gov.pl/cps/rde/xbcr/gus/PUBL_l_ludnosc_stan_struktura_31_12_2010.pdf). *Główny Urząd Statystyczny*.
  24. . (2021). "Rocznik Demograficzny 2021". *Główny Urząd Statystyczny*.
  25. "Bajka o Robercie Lewandowskim".

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cities-and-towns-in-masovian-voivodeshippruszków-countyholocaust-locations-in-poland