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Observation deck

Elevated sightseeing platform

An observation deck, observation platform, or viewing platform is an elevated sightseeing platform usually situated upon a tall architectural structure, such as a skyscraper or observation tower. Observation decks are sometimes enclosed from weather, and a few may include coin-operated telescopes for viewing distant features.

List of public observation decks

Rank	Name	Completion Year	Type	City	Deck height (m)	Total height (m)	Notes
1	Burj Khalifa	2010	Skyscraper	UAE Dubai			Floors 152-154 (opened 2019). Additional decks on floor 148 (555m, opened 2014, which was the world's highest observation deck at its opening) and floors 124-125 (452m).
2	Shanghai Tower	2015	Skyscraper	PRC Shanghai		632	121st floor; decks are also on 118th and 119th floors.
3	Ping An Finance Centre	2017	Skyscraper	PRC Shenzhen		599.1	115th floor (opened on February 10, 2018).
4	Merdeka 118	2022	Skyscraper	Malaysia Kuala Lumpur
5	Canton Tower	2010	Steel tower	PRC Guangzhou
6	Lotte World Tower	2017	Skyscraper	ROK Seoul
Abraj Al Bait	2011	Skyscraper	Saudi Arabia Mecca
8	Shanghai World Financial Center	2008	Skyscraper	PRC Shanghai			100th floor, decks also on levels 94 & 97.
9	Tokyo Skytree	2012	Steel tower	JPN Tokyo			Three additional observation decks at 340m, 345m, and 350m.
10	Taipei 101	2004	Skyscraper	Taiwan Taipei			The 101st floor indoor/outdoor rooftop observation deck opened to the public on June 14, 2019. Two additional observation decks, outdoor on the 91st-floor and indoor on the 89th floor at 383.2 m..
11	CN Tower	1976	Concrete tower	CAN Toronto			Two additional observation decks at 342 m (outdoor) & 346 m (indoor).
12	Willis Tower	1974	Skyscraper	USA Chicago			103rd floor; it is the highest observation deck (skydeck) and highest skywalk (skydeck glass balconies) in the United States
13	Sky100, International Commerce Centre	2011	Skyscraper	PRC Hong Kong			100th floor; 360-degree indoor observation deck.
14	One World Trade Center	2014	Skyscraper	USA New York City			Observation deck on the 100th, 101st and 102nd floors.
15	Landmark 81	2019	Skyscraper	VIE Ho Chi Minh City			Observation decks on 79th, 80th and 81st floors.
16	Autograph Tower	2025	Skyscraper	INA Jakarta	382.9	382.9	Observation deck on 99th floor, it has the world’s highest outdoor pool and the highest skydeck in Southern Hemisphere.
17	Petronas Towers	1998	Skyscraper	MAS Kuala Lumpur			Observation deck on 86th floor of tower 2; in addition there is the skybridge between the two towers on 41st and 42nd floors at 170 m.
18	Empire State Building	1931	Skyscraper	USA New York City			102nd floor; additional 86th floor deck (320 m).
19	Iconic Tower	2023	Skyscraper	EGY New Administrative Capital			Observations on 74th, 75th and 76th floors.
20	Lakhta Center	2021	Skyscraper	RUS Saint Petersburg			Observations on 84th, 85th 86th and 87th floors.
21	Ciel Tower	2025	Skyscraper	UAE Dubai			Observation deck on 82rd floors, 76th floor (315 m)
22	Oriental Pearl Tower	1994	Concrete tower	PRC Shanghai			15 observation levels, the highest one being outdoors
23	The Strat	1996	Concrete Tower	USA Paradise			Tallest observation tower in the U.S.
24	Tuntex Sky Tower	1997	Skyscraper	Taiwan Kaohsiung			74th floor.
25	Jin Mao Tower	1998	Skyscraper	PRC Shanghai			88th floor.
25	30 Hudson Yards	2020	Skyscraper	USA New York City			Observation decks on 100th and 101st floors.
Ostankino Tower	1967	Concrete tower	RUS Moscow			Indoor deck is at 337 m.
27	John Hancock Center	1969	Skyscraper	USA Chicago			94th floor.
28	Milad Tower	2007	Concrete tower	Iran Tehran			Top level.
29	China World Trade Center Tower III	2010	Skyscraper	PRC Beijing			81st floor.
30	One Vanderbilt	2021	Skyscraper	USA New York City			Observations on 62nd and 63rd floors.
31	Shun Hing Square	1996	Skyscraper	PRC Shenzhen
32	US Bank Tower	1989	Skyscraper	USA Los Angeles			69th (indoor and outdoor observation) and 70th floors (skyslide and events) CLOSED.
33	Kingdom Centre	2002	Skyscraper	Saudi Arabia Riyadh			41st floor.
34	Abeno Harukas	2014	Skyscraper	JPN Osaka			58th–60th floor (top floor).
35	Zifeng Tower	2010	Skyscraper	PRC Nanjing
36	Eureka Tower	2007	Skyscraper	AUS Melbourne			Skydeck 88 is at a height of 285 m.
37	King Power MahaNakhon	2018	Skyscraper	THA Bangkok			Observation deck on 74th, 76th, and 78th floors.
Etihad Towers (Tower 2)	2011	Skyscraper	UAE Abu Dhabi			Observation deck at 300 is located on 75th floor.
39	Eiffel Tower	1889	Wrought iron lattice tower	FRA Paris			3rd floor.
40	Menara Kuala Lumpur	1996	Concrete tower	MAS Kuala Lumpur
41	Columbia Center	1985	Skyscraper	USA Seattle			73rd floor.
42	Yokohama Landmark	1993	Skyscraper	JPN Yokohama			69th floor.
43	One Liberty Place	1987	Skyscraper	USA Philadelphia	269	288	57th floor.
44	Bank of America Plaza (Dallas)	1985	Skyscraper	USA Dallas			71st floor; additional on 70th floor at 264.6 m.
45	JPMorgan Chase Tower	1982	Skyscraper	USA Houston			60th floor.
46	Sydney Tower	1981	Steel Tower	AUS Sydney			Main indoor observation deck; outdoor skywalk attraction on roof is located at 279 meters.
47	Gran Torre Santiago	2013	Skyscraper	Chile Santiago			Observation deck named Sky Costanera is located on floors 61 and 62.
48	GE Building	1933	Skyscraper	USA New York City			70th floor ("Top of the Rock").
49	Tianjin Tower	1991	Concrete tower	PRC Tianjin
50	40 Wall Street	1929	Skyscraper	USA New York City
51	22 Bishopsgate	2020	Skyscraper	United Kingdom London	254	278	Tallest free observation deck in Europe on the 58th floor.
52	Osaka Prefectural Government Sakishima Building	1995	Skyscraper	JPN Osaka
53	Etihad Towers (Tower 1)	2011	Skyscraper	UAE Abu Dhabi
54	63 Building	1985	Skyscraper	ROK Seoul			60th floor.
55	Midland Square	2007	Skyscraper	JPN Nagoya			47th floor.
56	Lotus Tower	2019	Concrete tower	Sri Lanka Colombo
57	The Shard	2013	Skyscraper	United Kingdom London			72nd floor.
58	Central Radio & TV Tower	1992	Concrete tower	PRC Beijing
59	Sunshine 60	1978	Skyscraper	JPN Tokyo
60	Federation Tower (Tower West)	2008	Skyscraper	RUS Moscow			62nd floor.
61	TK Elevator Test Tower	2017	Concrete tower	GER Rottweil	232	246	30th floor (indoor and outdoor).
62	Q1	2005	Skyscraper	AUS Gold Coast			77th floor (SkyPoint), with the function hall on the 78th.
West Pearl Tower	2006	Concrete tower	PRC Chengdu
Varso Tower	2023	Skyscraper	POL Warsaw			50th and 53rd floor.
65	Shibuya Scramble Square	2019	Skyscraper	JPN Tokyo			"SHIBUYA SKY" roof-deck on the top of the building.
66	Roppongi Hills Mori Tower	2003	Skyscraper	JPN Tokyo			52nd floor (indoor) and 54th floor (roof-deck).
67	Taipei Nan Shan Plaza	2018	Skyscraper	TWN Taipei			46th floor (indoor).
68	Europaturm	1979	Concrete tower	GER Frankfurt			Since 1999, the Europaturm has been closed to the public.
69	Tokyo Tower	1958	Steel truss tower	JPN Tokyo			6th floor.
70	Macau Tower	2001	Concrete tower	PRC Macau
71	Sky Tower	1997	Concrete tower	NZ Auckland			Skydeck observation deck on 60th floor.
72	Tour Montparnasse	1972	Skyscraper	FRA Paris
73	Fernsehturm Berlin	1969	Concrete tower	GER Berlin
74	Tokyo Metropolitan Government Building	1990	Skyscraper	JPN Tokyo
75	Main Tower	1999	Skyscraper	GER Frankfurt
Sky Tower	2012	Skyscraper	POL Wrocław			Indoor observation deck located on 49th Floor.
Marina Bay Sands	2010	Skyscraper	SIN Singapore
78	Olympiaturm	1968	Concrete tower	GER Munich
79	Mohammed VI Tower	2023	Skyscraper	MAR Salé			Observation deck on 54th and 55th floor.
80	Vysotsky	2011	Skyscraper	RUS Yekaterinburg			Observation deck was opened on 3 May 2012.
81	Bitexco Financial Tower	2010	Skyscraper	Vietnam Ho Chi Minh City			47th floor.
82	Tower of the Americas	1968	Concrete tower	USA San Antonio
83	Rheinturm	1979	Concrete tower	GER Düsseldorf
Umeda Sky Building	1993	Skyscraper	JPN Osaka
Tallinn TV Tower	1980	Tower	EST Tallinn
86	Donauturm	1964	Concrete tower	AUT Vienna
87	Torre Latinoamericana	1956	Skyscraper	MEX Mexico City	166	188
88	N Seoul Tower	1975	Steel tower	ROK Seoul			Tower sits atop Namsan Mountain.
90	Vilnius TV Tower	1980	Tower	LTU Vilnius	165	326.5
91	Space Needle	1962	Steel tower	USA Seattle
92	Calgary Tower	1968	Concrete tower	CAN Calgary
Fernsehturm Stuttgart	1956	Concrete tower	Germany Stuttgart
94	Çamlıca Tower	2020	Concrete tower	TUR Istanbul
95	Avala Tower	2009	Concrete tower	SRB Belgrade
96	Fukuoka Tower	1989	Tower	JPN Fukuoka
97	Kuwait viewing sphere	1979	Concrete tower	KWT Kuwait City			(1990 Liberation Tower of ~300 m is not open to public).
98	Palace of Culture and Science	1955	Multi-function	POL Warsaw			Observation deck on 30th floor.
99	Spinnaker Tower	2005	Tower	United Kingdom Portsmouth
100	Millennium Center 2 office tower restaurant	2016	Skyscraper	Bulgaria Sofia
Kyoto Tower	1964	Tower	JPN Kyoto
102	Nagoya TV Tower	1954	Tower	JPN Nagoya
103	Tashkent Tower	1985	Tower	UZB Tashkent
104	Snezhanka Tower, Pamporovo, Bulgaria	1978	Concrete tower	BGR Pamporovo
105	Kobe Port Tower	1963	Tower	JPN Kobe
106	Sapporo TV Tower	1957	Tower	JPN Sapporo
107	Tsūtenkaku	1956	Tower	JPN Osaka
108	City-Hochhaus Leipzig	1972	Skyscraper	Germany Leipzig			31st floor.
109	Nebraska State Capitol	1930	Skyscraper	USA Lincoln			14th floor.
110	Arc de Triomphe	1836	Monument	FRA Paris			Rooftop terrace.

List of highest observation decks by type

Type	Name and Location	Constructed	Height	Notes
Observation Skywalk over vertical cliff free drop	Grand Canyon Skywalk, United States	2007	1100 m
Observation deck inside a spire	Merdeka 118, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia	2023	566 m
Enclosed observation deck on high-rise building	Highest enclosed vs outdoor observation decks	date=June 2025}}	2015 and 2017	562 m
Outdoor observation deck on high-rise building	Highest enclosed vs outdoor observation decks	date=June 2025}}	2014	555.7 m
Skywalk over (artificial) waterfall free drop	Sky Corridor Waterfall Walkway, Huangteng Gorge, Guangdong, China	2018	500 m
Observation deck on tower	Canton Tower, Guangzhou, China	2011	488 m
Skywalk over high-rise building	Skydeck (The Ledge) observation deck glass balconies, Willis Tower, Chicago, USA	2009	412.4 m
Outdoor pool	Autograph Tower, Jakarta, Indonesia	2025	382.9 m
Skywalk over bridge	Zhangjiajie Glass Bridge, Zhangjiajie, China	2016	300 m
Skywalk over glacier	Glacier Skywalk, Jasper National Park, Alberta, Canada	2014	280 m

Under construction

2030 (est) Burj Azizi, Dubai, United Arab Emirates. 649 m, Level 130
2028 (est) Jeddah Tower, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. 637 m, Level 157
2027 (est) Goldin Finance 117, Tianjin, China. 578.1 m, Level 116
2023 (est.) Merdeka 118, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. 517.7 m, Level 117 (Spire observation level at 566 m)
2030 (est.) Senna Tower, Balneário Camboriú, Brazil. 505 m, Level 140
2026 (est) Torre Rise, Monterrey, Mexico. 354 m, Level 93 and 365 m, Level 96
2028 (est.) Torch Tower, Tokyo, Japan. 352 m, Level 55
2027 (est) Taipei Twin Towers, Taipei, Taiwan. 347 m, Level 73

Approved

2025 (est.) Signature Tower Jakarta, Jakarta, Indonesia. 515.8 m, Level 111
2030 (est.) Millennium Tower, Frankfurt, Germany. 280 m, Level 67

Destroyed

2 World Trade Center, Top of the World observation deck, outdoor observation deck on top of building, 1,362 feet (415 m), World Trade Center (1973–2001), New York, United States - Destroyed during the September 11 attacks

Gallery

File:Vues de Paris(13)Vue Générale de Paris, prise du haut de l'Arc de l'Etoile. QB.305a (cropped).jpg|General view of Paris from the rooftop terrace of the Arc de Triomphe, c. 1840. File:Viewing platform - top right.jpg|The 10 m observation deck of Ronda, Spain, overlooks the Depression of Ronda plain over 100 m below. File:TreeHouse-Elevated01.jpg|A multi-level tree house in Cape Town, South Africa, with an observation deck on top. File:Rokko garden terrace03s3200.jpg|An observation deck place in Rokko Garden Terrace, Mount Rokkō, Kobe, Japan. File:Observation deck overlooking Potsdamer Platz with placard showing 1929 view.jpg|An observation deck in West Berlin with a view of Potsdamer Platz on the other side of the Berlin Wall, 1977. At the bottom of the steps a placard shows what the square looked like in 1929. File:One World Observatory View.jpg|Brooklyn Bridge as viewed from the One World Observatory in New York City. File:Vista del Puerto de Victoria desde Sky100, Hong Kong, 2013-08-09, DD 10.JPG|Night View of the Victoria Harbour, Hong Kong from sky100. File:View on the observatory level of Shanghai Tower.jpg|View from the Shanghai Tower observation deck. File:Niagara Falls - ON - Skylon Tower (Aussichtsdeck).jpg|Visitors on the observation deck of the Skylon Tower, which overlooks Niagara Falls. File:Thyssenkrupp Testturm - Aussichtsplattform aussen.jpg|The observation deck from the TK Elevator Test Tower, which overlooks Germany's Black Forest and the Alps. File:Glass balconies St Eusebius Church Arnhem NL.jpg|Glass balconies attached to the St Eusebius Church in Arnhem, Netherlands. File:Vue Lumière No 992 - Panorama pendant l'ascension de la Tour Eiffel (1898).ogv|Footage of the panoramic views during an 1898 ascent of the Eiffel Tower by the Lumière brothers. File:WTC 99 (28435126013).jpg|View of Manhattan, NYC from the former 2 World Trade Center observation deck, 1999

References

"Burj Khalifa Observation Deck".
ctbuh. "World's Highest Observation Decks".
"Shanghai World Financial Center -SWFC- {{!}} Official site of Shanghai Financial Center".
(14 June 2019). "Taipei 101 to open top floor to public for the first time".
[https://www.usatoday.com/travel/destinations/2009-07-01-sears-tower-glass-balconies_N.htm "Sears Tower unveils 103rd floor glass balconies"], ''USA Today'', July 1, 2009.
"The Ledge at Skydeck Chicago".
BJ Lutz. (May 30, 2014). "Coating on Willis Tower Skydeck's Ledge Cracks Under Tourists". Nbcchicago.com.
Sophie Lewis. (June 12, 2019). "Protective layer of Willis Tower's SkyDeck cracks under visitors' feet". cbsnews.
https://en.tempo.co/read/2027347/up-at-thamrin-nine-experience-jakartas-highest-swing-and-glass-floor
"The Empire State Building". Wired New York.
(2013). "Etihad Towers T1 - The Skyscraper Center". Council on Tall Buildings and Urban Habitat.
"Смотровая площадка Башня Федерация".
"thyssenkrupp Elevator".
"Открытие смотровой площадки в БЦ "Высоцкий"".
"Visit Guangdong's Highest Sky Corridor Waterfall Walkway in China | the Asian Magazine".
(2016-09-05). "World's tallest and longest glass bridge closes after just two weeks". Dezeen.
"Jasper National Park Glacier Skywalk Travel Information".
China has banned the construction of skyscrapers in 2021.
"Watch the livestream to the Merdeka 118 Tower Spire Completion Ceremony here!".
(2021-12-15). "Millennium-Tower: So grün wird Frankfurts neuer Rekord-Wolkenkratzer".

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