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List of human spaceflights, 1981–1990

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This is a detailed list of human spaceflights from 1981 to 1990, spanning the end of the Soviet Union's Salyut space station program, the beginning of Mir, and the start of the US Space Shuttle program.

  • Red indicates fatalities.
  • Green indicates suborbital flights (including flights that failed to attain intended orbit).
#CrewLaunch
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USSR Vladimir Kovalyonok (3)
USSR Viktor Savinykh (1)13 March 1981
USSR Soyuz T-4Salyut 626 May 1981
USSR Soyuz T-4
USSR Vladimir Dzhanibekov (2)
MNG Jügderdemidiin Gürragchaa22 March 1981
USSR Soyuz 39Salyut 629 March 1981
USSR Soyuz 39First Mongolian in space (Gürragchaa).
USA John W. Young (5)
USA Robert L. Crippen (1)12 April 1981
USA STS-1, *Columbia*14 April 1981
USA STS-1, *Columbia*First Space Shuttle flight. Systems test.
USSR Leonid Popov (2)
Romania Dumitru Prunariu14 May 1981
USSR Soyuz 40Salyut 622 May 1981
USSR Soyuz 40First Romanian in space (Prunariu). Magnetic field observations. Final Soyuz flight.
USA Joseph H. Engle (1)
USA Richard H. Truly (1)12 November 1981
USA STS-2, *Columbia*14 November 1981
USA STS-2, *Columbia*First re-use of a crewed orbital spacecraft. Systems test. Earth science observations.
USA Jack R. Lousma (2)
USA C. Gordon Fullerton (1)22 March 1982
USA STS-3, *Columbia*30 March 1982
USA STS-3, *Columbia*Further system testing. Miscellaneous scientific experiments and Earth science observations.
USSR Anatoli Berezovoy
USSR Valentin Lebedev (2)12 May 1982
USSR Soyuz T-5Salyut 710 December 1982
USSR Soyuz T-7First mission to Salyut 7. Deployment of radio communications satellite.
USSR Vladimir Dzhanibekov (3)
USSR Aleksandr Ivanchenkov (2)
FRA Jean-Loup Chrétien (1)24 June 1982
USSR Soyuz T-6Salyut 72 July 1982
USSR Soyuz T-6First French citizen in space (Chrétien).
USA Thomas K. Mattingly (2)
USA Henry W. Hartsfield (1)27 June 1982
USA STS-4, *Columbia*4 July 1982
USA STS-4, *Columbia*Final Space Shuttle R&D flight. Miscellaneous scientific experiments plus classified US Air Force payload.
USSR Leonid Popov (3)
USSR Aleksandr Serebrov (1)
USSR Svetlana Savitskaya (1)19 August 1982
USSR Soyuz T-7Salyut 727 August 1982
USSR Soyuz T-5Second woman in space (Savitskaya).
USA Vance D. Brand (2)
USA Robert F. Overmyer (1)
USA Joseph P. Allen (1)
USA William B. Lenoir11 November 1982
USA STS-5, *Columbia*16 November 1982
USA STS-5, *Columbia*Launched commercial ANIK C-3 and SBS-C communications satellites. Planned EVA cancelled due to space suit malfunction.
USA Paul J. Weitz (2)
USA Karol J. Bobko (1)
USA Donald H. Peterson
USA F. Story Musgrave (1)4 April 1983
USA STS-6, *Challenger*9 April 1983
USA STS-6, *Challenger*First Space Shuttle EVA (Peterson and Musgrave). Deployment of first Tracking and Data Relay Satellite (TDRS-1). Miscellaneous science experiments.
USSR Vladimir Titov (1)
USSR Gennadi Strekalov (2)
USSR Aleksandr Serebrov (2)20 April 1983
USSR Soyuz T-822 April 1983
USSR Soyuz T-8Failed to dock with Salyut 7.
USA Robert L. Crippen (2)
USA Frederick H. Hauck (1)
USA John M. Fabian (1)
USA Sally K. Ride (1)
USA Norman E. Thagard (1)18 June 1983
USA STS-7, *Challenger*24 June 1983
USA STS-7, *Challenger*Two communications satellites launched. First American woman in space (Ride). Investigation into behavior of ant colony in zero gravity. Various microgravity experiments.
USSR Vladimir Lyakhov (2)
USSR Aleksandr Aleksandrov (1)26 June 1983
USSR Soyuz T-9Salyut 723 November 1983
USSR Soyuz T-9
USA Richard H. Truly (2)
USA Daniel C. Brandenstein (1)
USA Dale A. Gardner (1)
USA Guion Bluford (1)
USA William E. Thornton (1)30 August 1983
USA STS-8, *Challenger*5 September 1983
USA STS-8, *Challenger*First African-American in space (Bluford). First night launch and landing. Deployed INSAT-1B satellite for India. Observation of behavior of rats in space.
USSR Vladimir Titov
USSR Gennady Strekalov26 September 1983
USSR Soyuz T-10-1Launch failed due to fire. Crew ejected.
USA John W. Young (6)
USA Brewster H. Shaw (1)
USA Owen K. Garriott (2)
USA Robert A. Parker (1)
USA Byron K. Lichtenberg (1)
GER Ulf Merbold (1)28 November 1983
USA STS-9, *Columbia*8 December 1983
USA STS-9, *Columbia*First Spacelab (orbital laboratory) mission. First ESA astronaut, first West German astronaut and first non-American on US flight (Merbold).
USA Vance D. Brand (3)
USA Robert L. Gibson (1)
USA Bruce McCandless II (1)
USA Ronald E. McNair (1)
USA Robert L. Stewart (1)3 February 1984
USA STS-41-B,
*Challenger*11 February 1984
USA STS-41-B,
*Challenger*First untethered spacewalk (McCandless and Stewart). WESTAR-VI and PALAPA-B2 satellites deployed but failed to attain correct orbits.
USSR Leonid Kizim (2)
USSR Vladimir Solovyov (1)
USSR Oleg Atkov4 February 1984
USSR Soyuz T-10Salyut 72 October 1984
USSR Soyuz T-11
USSR Yury Malyshev (2)
USSR Gennadi Strekalov (3)
IND Rakesh Sharma3 April 1984
USSR Soyuz T-11Salyut 711 April 1984
USSR Soyuz T-10First Indian in space (Sharma). Earth observation program. Life sciences and materials processing experiments.
USA Robert L. Crippen (3)
USA Francis R. Scobee (1)
USA George D. Nelson (1)
USA James D. A. van Hoften (1)
USA Terry J. Hart6 April 1984
USA STS-41-C,
*Challenger*13 April 1984
USA STS-41-C,
*Challenger*LDEF deployed for later retrieval. Capture, repair and redeployment of malfunctioning Solar Maximum Mission satellite.
USSR Vladimir Dzhanibekov (4)
USSR Igor Volk
USSR Svetlana Savitskaya (2)17 July 1984
USSR Soyuz T-12Salyut 729 July 1984
USSR Soyuz T-12First EVA by a female astronaut (Savitskaya).
USA Henry W. Hartsfield (2)
USA Michael L. Coats (1)
USA Judith A. Resnik (1)
USA Steven A. Hawley (1)
USA Richard M. Mullane (1)
USA Charles D. Walker (1)30 August 1984
USA STS-41-D,
*Discovery*5 September 1984
USA STS-41-D,
*Discovery*Testing of experimental solar arrays. Three satellites deployed.
USA Robert L. Crippen (4)
USA Jon A. McBride (1)
USA Kathryn D. Sullivan (1)
USA Sally K. Ride (2)
USA David C. Leestma (1)
CAN Marc Garneau (1)
USA Paul D. Scully-Power5 October 1984
USA STS-41-G,
*Challenger*13 October 1984
USA STS-41-G,
*Challenger*ERBS satellite deployed. Radar imaging. First EVA by an American woman (Sullivan). First Canadian in space (Garneau). First flight including two women.
USA Frederick H. Hauck (2)
USA David M. Walker (1)
USA Anna L. Fisher
USA Dale A. Gardner (2)
USA Joseph P. Allen (2)8 November 1984
USA STS-51-A,
*Discovery*16 November 1984
USA STS-51-A,
*Discovery*Deployed two communications satellites. Retrieved two malfunctioning satellites.
USA Thomas K. Mattingly (3)
USA Loren J. Shriver (1)
USA Ellison S. Onizuka (1)
USA James F. Buchli (1)
USA Gary E. Payton24 January 1985
USA STS-51-C,
*Discovery*27 January 1985
USA STS-51-C,
*Discovery*First mission for the U.S. Department of Defense. Classified payload, possibly intelligence-gathering satellite.
USA Karol J. Bobko (2)
USA Donald E. Williams (1)
USA M. Rhea Seddon (1)
USA Jeffrey A. Hoffman (1)
USA S. David Griggs
USA Charles D. Walker (2)
USA E. Jake Garn12 April 1985
USA STS-51-D,
*Discovery*19 April 1985
USA STS-51-D,
*Discovery*Communications satellite deployed. Miscellaneous scientific experiments. First sitting member of U.S. Congress in space (Garn).
USA Robert F. Overmyer (2)
USA Frederick D. Gregory (1)
USA Don L. Lind
USA Norman E. Thagard (2)
USA William E. Thornton (2)
USA Lodewijk van den Berg
USA Taylor G. Wang29 April 1985
USA STS-51-B,
*Challenger*6 May 1985
USA STS-51-B,
*Challenger*Second Spacelab mission; microgravity experiments. Observation of behaviour of monkeys and rodents in space.
USSR Vladimir Dzhanibekov (5)5 June 1985
USSR Soyuz T-13Salyut 726 September 1985
USSR Soyuz T-13Repair of crippled Salyut 7 station.
USSR Viktor Savinykh (2)21 November 1985
USSR Soyuz T-14
USA Daniel C. Brandenstein (2)
USA John O. Creighton (1)
USA Shannon W. Lucid (1)
USA Steven R. Nagel (1)
USA John M. Fabian (2)
FRA Patrick Baudry
SAU Sultan Salman Al Saud17 June 1985
USA STS-51-G,
*Discovery*24 June 1985
USA STS-51-G,
*Discovery*Three communications satellites deployed. Miscellaneous scientific experiments. First Saudi and the first Arab in space (Al-Saud).
USA C. Gordon Fullerton (2)
USA Roy D. Bridges
USA F. Story Musgrave (2)
USA Anthony W. England
USA Karl G. Henize
USA Loren W. Acton
USA John-David F. Bartoe29 July 1985
USA STS-51-F,
*Challenger*6 August 1985
USA STS-51-F,
*Challenger*Spacelab-2 mission. Miscellaneous science experiments. Three communications satellites deployed.
USA Joseph H. Engle (2)
USA Richard O. Covey (1)
USA James D.A. van Hoften (2)
USA John M. Lounge (1)
USA William F. Fisher27 August 1985
USA STS-51-I,
*Discovery*3 September 1985
USA STS-51-I,
*Discovery*Three communications satellites deployed. Retrieval, repair and redeployment of LEASAT-3 satellite.
USSR Vladimir Vasyutin
USSR Aleksandr Volkov (1)17 September 1985
USSR Soyuz T-14Salyut 721 November 1985
USSR Soyuz T-14
USSR Georgi Grechko (3)26 September 1985
USSR Soyuz T-13
USA Karol J. Bobko (3)
USA Ronald J. Grabe (1)
USA David C. Hilmers (1)
USA Robert L. Stewart (2)
USA William A. Pailes3 October 1985
USA STS-51-J,
*Atlantis*7 October 1985
USA STS-51-J,
*Atlantis*Second U.S. Department of Defense mission. Classified payload, believed to be two communications satellites.
USA Henry W. Hartsfield (3)
USA Steven R. Nagel (2)
USA James F. Buchli (2)
USA Guion Bluford (2)
USA Bonnie J. Dunbar (1)
GER Reinhard Furrer
GER Ernst Messerschmid
NLD Wubbo J. Ockels30 October 1985
USA STS-61-A,
*Challenger*6 November 1985
USA STS-61-A,
*Challenger*German-sponsored Spacelab mission. Microgravity experiments. First Dutchman in space (Ockels).
USA Brewster H. Shaw (2)
USA Bryan D. O'Connor (1)
USA Mary L. Cleave (1)
USA Sherwood C. Spring
USA Jerry L. Ross (1)
MEX Rodolfo Neri Vela
USA Charles D. Walker (3)26 November 1985
USA STS-61-B,
*Atlantis*3 December 1985
USA STS-61-B,
*Atlantis*Three communications satellites deployed. Demonstration of in-orbit construction techniques. First Mexican in space (Neri Vela).
USA Robert L. Gibson (2)
USA Charles F. Bolden (1)
USA Franklin R. Chang-Diaz (1)
USA Steven A. Hawley (2)
USA George D. Nelson (2)
USA Robert J. Cenker
USA Clarence W. Nelson12 January 1986
USA STS-61-C,
*Columbia*18 January 1986
USA STS-61-C,
*Columbia*Deployment of communications satellite. Miscellaneous science experiments.
USA Francis R. Scobee (2)
USA Michael J. Smith
USA Judith A. Resnik (2)
USA Ellison S. Onizuka (2)
USA Ronald E. McNair (2)
USA Gregory B. Jarvis
USA S. Christa McAuliffe28 January 1986
USA STS-51-L, *Challenger*Disintegrated 73 seconds after launch with loss of all crew.
USSR Leonid Kizim (3)
USSR Vladimir Solovyov (2)13 March 1986
USSR Soyuz T-15Mir
Salyut 7
Mir16 July 1986
USSR Soyuz T-15First expedition to Mir. Last expedition to Salyut 7.
USSR Alexander Laveykin7 February 1987
USSR Soyuz TM-2Mir30 July 1987
USSR Soyuz TM-2Mir crew rotation and maintenance.
USSR Yuri Romanenko (3)29 December 1987
USSR Soyuz TM-3
USSR Aleksandr Viktorenko (1)
SYR Mohammed Faris22 July 1987
USSR Soyuz TM-3Mir30 July 1987
USSR Soyuz TM-2Mir crew rotation. First Syrian in space (Faris).
USSR Aleksandr Aleksandrov (2)29 December 1987
USSR Soyuz TM-3
USSR Anatoli Levchenko21 December 1987
USSR Soyuz TM-4Mir29 December 1987
USSR Soyuz TM-3Mir crew rotation. Biological experiments and astronomical observations.
USSR Vladimir Titov (2)
USSR Musa Manarov (1)21 December 1988
USSR Soyuz TM-6
USSR Anatoly Solovyev (1)
USSR Victor Savinykh (3)
Bulgaria Aleksandr Aleksandrov7 June 1988
USSR Soyuz TM-5Mir17 June 1988
USSR Soyuz TM-4
USSR Vladimir Lyakhov (3)
Afghanistan Abdul Ahad Mohmand29 August 1988
USSR Soyuz TM-6Mir7 September 1988
USSR Soyuz TM-5Mir crew rotation. First Afghan in space (Mohmand).
USSR Valeri Polyakov (1)27 April 1989
USSR Soyuz TM-7
USA Frederick H. Hauck (3)
USA Richard O. Covey (2)
USA John M. Lounge (2)
USA George D. Nelson (3)
USA David C. Hilmers (2)28 September 1988
USA STS-26, *Discovery*3 October 1988
USA STS-26, *Discovery*First "Return to Flight" Space Shuttle mission after *Challenger* disaster. Deployment of Tracking and Data Relay Satellite-3 (TDRS-3).
USSR Aleksandr Volkov (2)
USSR Sergei Krikalev (1)26 November 1988
USSR Soyuz TM-7Mir27 April 1989
USSR Soyuz TM-7Mir crew rotation. Technology experiments. First European EVA (Chrétien).
FRA Jean-Loup Chrétien (2)21 December 1988
USSR Soyuz TM-6
USA Robert L. Gibson (3)
USA Guy S. Gardner (1)
USA Richard M. Mullane (2)
USA Jerry L. Ross (2)
USA William M. Shepherd (1)2 December 1988
USA STS-27, *Atlantis*6 December 1988
USA STS-27, *Atlantis*U.S. Department of Defense mission. Classified payload, reportedly Lacrosse 1 radar reconnaissance satellite.
USA Michael L. Coats (2)
USA John E. Blaha (1)
USA James P. Bagian (1)
USA James F. Buchli (3)
USA Robert C. Springer (1)13 March 1989
USA STS-29, *Discovery*18 March 1989
USA STS-29, *Discovery*Deployment of Tracking and Data Relay Satellite-4 (TDRS-4). Miscellaneous science experiments.
USA David M. Walker (2)
USA Ronald J. Grabe (2)
USA Norman E. Thagard (3)
USA Mary L. Cleave (2)
USA Mark C. Lee (1)4 May 1989
USA STS-30, *Atlantis*8 May 1989
USA STS-30, *Atlantis*Magellan probe deployed.
USA Brewster H. Shaw (3)
USA Richard N. Richards (1)
USA James C. Adamson (1)
USA David C. Leestma (2)
USA Mark N. Brown (1)8 August 1989
USA STS-28, *Columbia*13 August 1989
USA STS-28, *Columbia*U.S. Department of Defense mission. Classified payload, reportedly military communications and reconnaissance satellites.
USSR Alexander Viktorenko (2)
USSR Aleksandr Serebrov (3)5 September 1989
USSR Soyuz TM-8Mir19 February 1990
USSR Soyuz TM-8Mir equipment installation.
USA Donald E. Williams (2)
USA Michael J. McCulley
USA Franklin R. Chang-Diaz (2)
USA Shannon W. Lucid (2)
USA Ellen S. Baker (1)18 October 1989
USA STS-34, *Atlantis*23 October 1989
USA STS-34, *Atlantis**Galileo* probe deployed.
USA Frederick D. Gregory (2)
USA John E. Blaha (2)
USA F. Story Musgrave (3)
USA Manley L. Carter
USA Kathryn C. Thornton (1)22 November 1989
USA STS-33, *Discovery*27 November 1989
USA STS-33, *Discovery*U.S. Department of Defense mission. Classified payload, reportedly reconnaissance satellite. First African-American Shuttle Commander.
USA Daniel C. Brandenstein (3)
USA James D. Wetherbee (1)
USA Bonnie J. Dunbar (2)
USA G. David Low (1)
USA Marsha S. Ivins (1)9 January 1990
USA STS-32, *Columbia*20 January 1990
USA STS-32, *Columbia*Deployment of defense communications satellite. Long Duration Exposure Facility (LDEF) retrieval.
USSR Anatoly Solovyev (2)
USSR Alexander Balandin11 February 1990
USSR Soyuz TM-9Mir17 July 1990
USSR Soyuz TM-9
USA John O. Creighton (2)
USA John H. Casper (1)
USA Richard M. Mullane (3)
USA David C. Hilmers (3)
USA Pierre J. Thuot (1)28 February 1990
USA STS-36, *Atlantis*4 March 1990
USA STS-36, *Atlantis*U.S. Department of Defense mission. Classified payload, reportedly reconnaissance satellite.
USA Loren J. Shriver (2)
USA Charles F. Bolden (2)
USA Steven A. Hawley (3)
USA Bruce McCandless II (2)
USA Kathryn D. Sullivan (2)24 April 1990
USA STS-31, *Discovery*29 April 1990
USA STS-31, *Discovery*Hubble Space Telescope deployed.
USSR Gennadi Strekalov (4)
USSR Gennadi Manakov (1)3 August 1990
USSR Soyuz TM-10Mir10 December 1990
USSR Soyuz TM-10
USA Richard N. Richards (2)
USA Robert D. Cabana (1)
USA William M. Shepherd (2)
USA Bruce E. Melnick (1)
USA Thomas D. Akers (1)6 October 1990
USA STS-41, *Discovery*10 October 1990
USA STS-41, *Discovery**Ulysses* probe deployed. Miscellaneous science experiments.
USA Richard O. Covey (3)
USA Frank L. Culbertson (1)
USA Robert C. Springer (2)
USA Carl J. Meade (1)
USA Charles D. Gemar (1)15 November 1990
USA STS-38, *Atlantis*20 November 1990
USA STS-38, *Atlantis*U.S. Department of Defense mission. Classified payload, reportedly reconnaissance satellite.
USA Vance D. Brand (4)
USA Guy S. Gardner (2)
USA Jeffrey A. Hoffman (2)
USA John M. Lounge (3)
USA Robert A. Parker (2)
USA Samuel T. Durrance (1)
USA Ronald A. Parise (1)2 December 1990
USA STS-35, *Columbia*10 December 1990
USA STS-35, *Columbia*Ultraviolet and X-ray astronomy (ASTRO-1 observatory).
USSR Viktor Afanasyev (1)
USSR Musa Manarov (2)2 December 1990
USSR Soyuz TM-11Mir26 May 1991
USSR Soyuz TM-11Mir crew rotation. First Japanese in space (Akiyama).
JPN Toyohiro Akiyama10 December 1990
USSR Soyuz TM-10

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