Industrial Light & Magic

History

Lucas wanted his 1977 film Star Wars to include visual effects that had never been seen on film before. After discovering that the in-house effects department at 20th Century Fox was no longer operational, Lucas approached Douglas Trumbull, best known for the effects on 2001: A Space Odyssey (1968) and Silent Running (1972). Trumbull declined as he was already committed to working on Steven Spielberg's film Close Encounters of the Third Kind (1977), but suggested his assistant John Dykstra to Lucas. Dykstra brought together a small team of college students, artists, and engineers and set them up in a warehouse in Van Nuys, California. After seeing the map for the location was zoned as light industrial, Lucas named the group Industrial Light and Magic, which became the Special Visual Effects department on Star Wars. Alongside Dykstra, other leading members of the original ILM team were Ken Ralston, Richard Edlund, Dennis Muren, Robert Blalack, Joe Johnston, Phil Tippett, Steve Gawley, Lorne Peterson, and Paul Huston.

In late 1978, when in pre-production for The Empire Strikes Back, Lucas reformed most of the team into Industrial Light & Magic in Marin County, California. From here on, the company expanded and has since gone on to produce special effects for over three hundred films, including the entire Star Wars saga, the Indiana Jones series, and the Jurassic Park series.

After the success of the first Star Wars movie, Lucas became interested in using computer graphics on the sequel. He contacted Triple-I, known for their early computer effects in movies like Westworld (1973), Futureworld (1976), Tron (1982), and The Last Starfighter which ended up making a computer-generated test of five X-wing fighters flying in formation. He found it to be too expensive and returned to handmade models. Nevertheless, the test had shown him it was possible, and he decided he would create his own computer graphics department instead. As a result, they started investing in Apple and SGI computers. One of Lucas' employees was given the task to find the right people to hire. His search would lead him to New York Institute of Technology (NYIT), where he found Edwin Catmull and his colleagues. Catmull and others accepted Lucas' job offer, and a new computer division at Lucasfilm, named The Graphics Group, was created in 1979, which technically belonged to another division than ILM, with the hiring of Ed Catmull as the first NYIT employee who joined the company. Lucas' list for them was a digital film editing system, a digital sound editing system, a laser film printer, and further exploration of computer graphics. John Lasseter, who was hired a few years later, worked on computer-animation as part of ILM's contribution to Young Sherlock Holmes. The Graphics Group was later sold to Steve Jobs, named Pixar Animation Studios, and created the first CGI-animated feature, Toy Story. In 2000, ILM created the OpenEXR format for high-dynamic-range imaging.

ILM operated from an inconspicuous property in San Rafael, California until 2005. The company was known to locals as The Kerner Company, a name that did not draw any attention, allowing the company to operate in secret, thus preventing the compromise of sensitive information on its productions to the media or fans. In 2005, when Lucas decided to move locations to the Presidio of San Francisco and focus on digital effects, a management-led team bought the five physical and practical effects divisions and formed a new company that included the George Lucas Theater, retained the "Kerner" name as Kerner Technologies, Inc. and provided physical effects for major motion pictures, often working with ILM, until its Chapter 7 bankruptcy in 2011.

In 2005, ILM extended its operations to Lucasfilm Singapore, which also includes the Singapore arm of Lucasfilm Animation. In 2006, ILM invented IMoCap (Image Based Motion Capture Technology). By 2007, ILM was one of the largest visual effects vendors in the motion picture industry and had one of the largest render farms (named Death Star). In 2011, it was announced the company was considering a project-based facility in Vancouver. ILM first opened a temporary facility in Vancouver, relocating in 2014 to a 30,000-square-foot studio on Water Street in the Gastown district, and again in 2025 to a 40,000-square-foot studio at The Stack office tower in the Coal Harbour area.

In October 2012, Disney bought ILM's parent company, Lucasfilm, acquiring ILM, Skywalker Sound, and LucasArts in the process. Disney stated that it had no immediate plans to change ILM's operations, Following the restructuring of LucasArts in April 2013, ILM was left overstaffed and the faculty was reduced to serve only ILM's visual effects department. ILM opened a London studio headquartered in the city's Soho district on October 15, 2014.

On November 7, 2018, ILM opened a new division targeted at television series called ILM TV. It will be based in ILM's new 47,000-square-foot London studio with support from the company's locations in San Francisco, Vancouver and Singapore. In July 2019, ILM announced the opening of a new facility in Sydney, Australia. In the same year, ILM introduced StageCraft. Also known as "The Volume", it uses high-definition LED video walls to generate virtual sceneries and was first used in The Mandalorian. Following Disney's acquisition of 21st Century Fox, Fox VFX Lab was folded into ILM, including the Technoprops division. In October 2022, ILM opened a new studio in Mumbai. In May 2023, ILMxLAB was rebranded as ILM Immersive.

In August 2023, Lucasfilm announced it would close the ILM studio in Singapore due to economic factors affecting the industry and the 2023 Hollywood labor disputes. The closure affected 340 Singapore-based jobs. Employees continued working until the end of the year. Disney confirmed that it would be helping employees to either find work with local companies with similar skills requirements or relocate to ILM's other studios in London, Vancouver, Sydney and Mumbai. An ILM Singapore employee confirmed that the closure of the Singaporean studio was linked to the strike.

Milestones

• 1975: ILM used VistaVision for Star Wars: Episode IV - A New Hope
• 1980: ILM's first use of Go motion was used to animate the Tauntaun creatures and AT-ATs of Star Wars: Episode V - The Empire Strikes Back
• 1982: ILM's first in-house completely computer-generated sequence was the "Genesis sequence" in Star Trek II: The Wrath of Khan. (Former computer graphics in Star Wars - Episode IV: A New Hope were done outside of ILM.)
• 1985: ILM's first completely computer-generated character, the "stained glass man", featured in Young Sherlock Holmes
• 1988: ILM did their first morphing sequence in Willow
• 1989: The first digital compositing of a full-screen live-action image was done by ILM during the final sequence in Indiana Jones and the Last Crusade
• 1989: ILM created their first computer-generated 3-D character to show emotion, the pseudopod creature in The Abyss
• 1991: ILM created their first dimensional matte painting – where a traditional matte painting was mapped onto 3-D geometry, allowing for camera parallax, in Hook.
• 1991: ILM created their first computer-generated main character, the T-1000 in Terminator 2: Judgment Day
• 1992: ILM generated the texture of human skin for the first time in Death Becomes Her
• 1993: The first time digital technology was used to create complete and detailed living creatures, the dinosaurs in Jurassic Park, earned ILM its thirteenth Oscar
• 1994: The first extensive use of digital manipulation of historical and stock footage was done to integrate characters in Forrest Gump.
• 1995: ILM created their first fully synthetic speaking computer-generated character, with a distinct personality and emotion, to take a leading role in Casper
• 1995: ILM created their first computer-generated photo-realistic hair and fur (used for the digital lion and monkeys) in Jumanji
• 1996: ILM's first completely computer-generated main character, Draco, was featured in Dragonheart
• 1999: ILM's first computer-generated character to have a full human anatomy, Imhotep, was featured in The Mummy
• 1999: ILM's first fully computer-generated character in a live-action film using motion-capture, Jar Jar Binks, was featured in Star Wars: Episode I - The Phantom Menace
• 2000: ILM created the OpenEXR imaging format.
• 2006: ILM developed the iMocap system, which uses computer vision techniques to track live-action performers on set. It was used in the creation of Davy Jones and ship's crew in the film Pirates of the Caribbean: Dead Man's Chest
• 2011: The first animated feature produced by ILM, Rango, was released*.*
• 2019: ILM used real-time rendering (with Unreal Engine) and digital LED displays as a virtual set (known as StageCraft or The Volume) for the first time in The Mandalorian
• 2025: Rob Bredow unveiled Star Wars test footage using a text-to-video model to generate fictional creatures. This was ILM's first implementation of generative artificial intelligence. The video received widespread negative reactions, both for the usage of AI and for the quality of the work.

Notable employees and clients

Photoshop was first used at Industrial Light & Magic as an image-processing program. Photoshop was created by ILM Visual Effects Supervisor John Knoll and his brother Thomas as a summer project. It was used on The Abyss. The Knoll brothers sold the program to Adobe in 1989. Thomas Knoll continues to work on Photoshop at Adobe and is featured in the billing on the Photoshop splash screen. John Knoll continues to be ILM's top visual effects supervisor, and was one of the executive producers and writers of Rogue One: A Star Wars Story.

In addition to their work for George Lucas, ILM also collaborates with Steven Spielberg on many films that he directs and produces. Dennis Muren has acted as Computer Animation Supervisor on many of these films. For Jurassic Park in 1993, ILM used the program Viewpaint, which allowed the visual effects artists to paint color and texture directly onto the surface of the computer models. Former ILM CG Animator Steve "Spaz" Williams said that it took nearly a year for the shots that involved computer-generated dinosaurs to be completed. The film is noted for its groundbreaking use of computer-generated imagery, and is regarded as a landmark for visual effects. The company also works on more subtle special effects—such as widening streets, digitally adding more extras to a shot, and inserting the film's actors into preexisting footage—in films such as in Forrest Gump in 1994.

Adam Savage, Grant Imahara and Tory Belleci of MythBusters fame have all worked at ILM.

ILM is also famous for their commercial work. Their clients include Energizer, and Oldsmobile. They also animated Yoda for a series of 2012 commercials for Vodafone, which were broadcast in the UK.

Actor Masi Oka worked on several major ILM productions as a programmer, including Revenge of the Sith, before joining the cast of the NBC show Heroes as Hiro Nakamura.

American film director David Fincher worked at ILM for four years in the early 1980s.

Film director Joe Johnston was a visual effects artist and an Art Director.

Film director Mark A.Z. Dippé was a visual effects animator who directed Spawn which was released in 1997.

Sound editor and film producer James "Jim" Nelson served as an associate producer of the original Star Wars and helped build Industrial Light & Magic alongside George Lucas, overseeing the company's administration and management.

Lucasfilm co-president Lynwen Brennan was the president of ILM in 2009.

Live-action films

1970s–1980s

1990s

2000s

2010s

2020s

Upcoming

Animated films

Television

1980s

1990s

2010s

2020s

Upcoming

Television films and specials

Live shows

Commercials

• General Cinema (1986, 1993, 1996)
• THX (1988, 1993)
• Merrill Lynch "Desert Skies" and "Bullseye" (1990)
• Nike (1992, 1999)
• BP (1993)
• Perrier (1993)
• Intel (1993)
• 3M "Imagine" (1994)
• Ford Mercury "Launch" (1995)
• TGI Fridays (1995)
• Supercuts "Stylin'" (1995)
• Coca-Cola Classic (1995)
• BMW (1996)
• Snapple "Mikey" (1996)
• Canada Dry "Domino" (1996)
• General Motors EV1 "Appliances" (1996)
• DreamWorks Pictures (1997)
• Pontiac "Coyote" (1998, with Warner Bros. Classic Animation)
• Armor All (1998)
• First Union Bank (1998)
• GoodHome.com (1999)
• Honey Comb "Crazy Craving" (2000, 2003)
• Gatorade "Raptor" (2000)
• California Raisin Marketing Board (print ads, 2000)
• Budweiser "Come Home" (2001)
• Alcatel "MLK" (2001)
• Vodafone commercials featuring Yoda (2012)
• Reese's Pieces "E.T." (2002)
• Walt Disney Pictures (2022)

Notes

References

References

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14. (7 April 2021). "Interviewing Return of the Jedi Lucasfilm VFX Editor Bill Kimberlin - Rule of Two".
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41. (November 7, 2018). "ILM Launches TV Unit to Serve Episodic and Streaming Content".
42. (November 7, 2018). "Industrial Light & Magic Launches ILM TV, Which Will Handle Visual Effects For 'The Mandalorian'".
43. (July 14, 2019). "Lucasfilm's Industrial Light & Magic to Open Sydney Studio".
44. (July 14, 2019). "ILM to Open Latest Effects Facility in Sydney, Australia".
45. (February 20, 2020). "'The Mandalorian': How ILM's Innovative StageCraft Tech Created a 'Star Wars' Virtual Universe".
46. (July 8, 2021). "How ILM's Stagecraft Team Is Pushing The Boundaries Of VFX And "Moving The Tech Forward Right Now"".
47. (July 20, 2022). "The Evolution of ICVFX: ILM Stagecraft and Dimension".
48. (August 7, 2022). "How ILM's Volume Technology Reinvents Visual Effects (And What It Means For The Future)".
49. (August 14, 2022). "Industrial Light & Magic's Digital StageCraft Technology: What We Know About the Volume".
50. "Technoprops {{!}} Industrial Light & Magic".
51. Giardina, Carolyn. (2020-09-10). "Industrial Light & Magic Expands Virtual Production Services, Supports 'Thor 4'".
52. (October 10, 2022). "ILM Announces Full Production Facility in Mumbai (Exclusive)".
53. (October 10, 2022). "ILM Launches Mumbai Studio".
54. (May 31, 2023). "Industrial Light & Magic Rebrands ILMxLAB as ILM Immersive (Exclusive)".
55. (August 15, 2023). "Lucasfilm's Industrial Light & Magic to Close VFX and Animation Facility in Singapore Due to 'Economic Factors Affecting the Industry'". [[Variety (magazine).
56. Goldbart, Max. (August 15, 2023). "Lucasfilm Closing Singapore VFX & Animation Studio After Two Decades". [[Deadline Hollywood]].
57. (August 15, 2023). "Lucasfilm to shut Singapore operations, affecting more than 300 employees". [[Channel News Asia]].
58. (August 28, 2023). "'No one's feeling good': Visual effects industry hit by global challenges as Lucasfilm ends Singapore operations".
59. (May 15, 2025). "ILM Makes 'Star Wars: Field Guide' Short Film Using Generative AI".
60. (January 2, 2018). "Star Wars: A Force for Innovation".
61. (February 18, 2024). "How George Lucas Revived 1950s Technology To Make Star Wars".
62. (December 15, 2022). "Star Wars Used Some Never-Before Seen VFX Tech For The Empire Strikes Back's Battle Of Hoth".
63. (June 4, 2012). "5 Things You Might Not Know About 'Star Trek II: The Wrath Of Khan'".
64. (March 10, 2024). "The First Fully CGI Character Is Nearly 40 Years Old - And Looks Surprisingly Great".
65. (April 3, 2018). "Over 30 Years, Willow Has Morphed Into an Effects Classic".
66. (November 30, 2021). "How Willow Changed The Game For Special Effects In Film".
67. (October 27, 2019). "Indiana Jones: 10 Things You Didn't Know About The Last Crusade".
68. (August 9, 2019). "That time James Cameron gave ILM a day to come up with a test for 'The Abyss'".
69. (December 8, 2016). "The story behind Hook's innovative projected matte painting – 25 years ago".
70. (August 23, 2017). "The tech of 'Terminator 2' – an oral history".
71. (July 29, 2022). "Head stretching and stomach holes: re-visiting the visual effects of 'Death Becomes Her'".
72. (June 13, 2015). "How 'Jurassic Park' Revolutionized Visual Effects, Inspiring 'Jurassic World'".
73. (August 2, 2021). "The Visual Tricks in 'Gump' Use New Element - Subtlety".
74. (May 28, 2020). "The 'real-time' hand-drawn animatics process that made 'Casper' possible".
75. (January 2, 2018). "Revisiting the Rampaging CG Animals of Jumanji".
76. (October 1, 2018). "20 Crazy Details Behind The Making Of Dragonheart".
77. (June 4, 2023). "Why The Mummy's 1999 VFX Look So Much Better Than The Sequels'".
78. (May 24, 2019). "Jar Jar Binks was nearly a practical suit and a CG head".
79. (March 1, 2011). "With 'Rango,' ILM wrangles first animated feature".
80. (March 3, 2011). "Hal Hickel interview: how ILM went from visual effects to making Rango".
81. (February 21, 2020). "How 'The Mandalorian' and ILM invisibly reinvented film and TV production".
82. (February 21, 2020). "See how 'The Mandalorian' used Unreal Engine for its real-time digital sets".
83. Carpenter, Lincoln. (May 14, 2025). "Lucasfilm declares creative bankruptcy with an AI-generated Star Wars film that's just 2 minutes of mostly normal animals jumbled together". PC Gamer.
84. Foley, Joe. (May 15, 2025). "Star Wars is so over if Lucasfilm is going to use this AI imagery".
85. (December 12, 2016). "The Star Wars Saga's Secret Weapon: A Visual Effects Nerd with a Big Story to Tell".
86. (March 7, 2011). "Startup Memories: The Beginning of Photoshop". [[Adobe Photoshop]].
87. (May 23, 2018). "Viewpaint: ILM's secret weapon on Jurassic Park".
88. (November 27, 2014). "How 4 Minutes Of CGI Dinosaurs In 'Jurassic Park' Took A Year To Make".
89. (June 10, 2014). "Jurassic Park Turns 21: A Look Back at How It Revolutionized Special Effects".
90. (June 11, 2014). "Here's how Jurassic Park changed the special effects game".
91. (June 13, 2014). "How 'Jurassic Park' Changed Special Effects Forever".
92. (April 15, 2016). "Critic's Picks: 10 Landmark CGI-Meets-Live-Action Movies".
93. (July 26, 2018). "The 50 greatest special effects movies of all time: Jurassic Park (1993)".
94. (July 29, 2022). "25 movies with the best special effects".
95. (June 12, 2015). "Industrial Light & Magic's greatest hits".
96. (July 26, 2018). "The 50 greatest special effects movies of all time: Forrest Gump (1994)".
97. (July 4, 2019). "'I want to see it!' ILMers on the time Gary Sinise first saw his missing legs in 'Forrest Gump'".
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99. Horwitz, Simi. (1995-03-26). "Dream Commercials". [[Washington Post]].
100. Laughlin, Andrew. (January 19, 2012). "Yodafone: Jedi Master signs up for Vodafone TV ad campaign - video". [[DigitalSpy]].
101. Nissim, Mayer. (July 30, 2012). "Yoda Strikes Back: Star Wars returns in new Vodafone ad - video". [[DigitalSpy]].
102. Lepitak, Stephen. (January 19, 2012). "Yoda features in Vodafone campaign to promote RED box transfer service". The Drum.
103. Gaudiosi, John. (25 October 2006). "Masi Oka: Coder, Actor, Hero". [[Wired (magazine).
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105. Rinzler, J.W.. (2013). "The Making of Star Wars: Return of the Jedi". Del Ray.
106. Sirius, R. U.. (1997-07-25). "A Chat with the Master of Digital Hell".
107. Barnes, Mike. (22 June 2014). "Jim Nelson, Who Helped Build ILM for George Lucas and 'Star Wars,' Dies at 81".
108. (January 15, 2026). "Lucasfilm Replacing Kathleen Kennedy With Dave Filoni, Lynwen Brennan as New 'Star Wars' Bosses".
109. Sammon, Paul. (April 1982a). "Conan the Barbarian".
110. Arnold T. Blumberg, Scott A. Woodard. (May 16, 2017). "Cinema & Sorcery: The Comprehensive Guide to Fantasy Film". Green Ronin Publishing.
111. Bielik, Alain. (June 16, 2006). "'The Fast and the Furious: Tokyo Drift': Hemi-Power VFX". Animation World Network.
112. "Pirates of the Caribbean: Dead Man's Chest Industrial Light & Magic listing". Industrial Light & Magic.
113. "Pirates of the Caribbean: At World's End Industrial Light & Magic listing". Industrial Light & Magic.
114. "The Avengers Industrial Light & Magic listing". Industrial Light & Magic.
115. "Avengers: Age of Ultron Industrial Light & Magic listing". Industrial Light & Magic.
116. "Doctor Strange Industrial Light & Magic listing". Industrial Light & Magic.
117. "Thor: Ragnarok Industrial Light & Magic listing". Industrial Light & Magic.
118. "Black Panther Industrial Light & Magic listing". Industrial Light & Magic.
119. "Avengers: Infinity War Industrial Light & Magic listing". Industrial Light & Magic.
120. "Ant-Man and the Wasp Industrial Light & Magic listing". Industrial Light & Magic.
121. "Captain Marvel". Industrial Light & Magic.
122. "Avengers: Endgame Industrial Light & Magic listing". Industrial Light & Magic.
123. "The Irishman".
124. "Playing with Fire Credits | Industrial Light & Magic".
125. (20 December 2019). "China Box Office: 'Star Wars: Rise of Skywalker' Crashing, Beaten by Local Blockbusters".
126. Katz, Brandon. (December 31, 2019). "Which Movies Are Most Likely to Bomb in 2020?". [[The New York Observer]].
127. "Mank".
128. Moreau, Jordan. (October 30, 2020). "'Mank' First Reactions: David Fincher Is a 'Technical Genius' With 'Exquisitely Crafted' Film".
129. "Mank (2020) - Financial Information". [[The Numbers (website).
130. "The Midnight Sky".
131. Thompson, Anne. (2020-12-07). "George Clooney's 'The Midnight Sky' Could Bring Netflix to the Oscars — Here's Why".
132. "The Midnight Sky".
133. "Finding 'Ohana credits". Industrial Light and Magic website.
134. Frei, Vincent. (4 February 2021). "Coming 2 America Art of VFX". Art of VFX.com.
135. "A Quiet Place Part II ilm". ilm.com.
136. "F9 {{!}} Industrial Light & Magic".
137. "Black Widow Industrial Light & Magic listing". Industrial Light & Magic.
138. Frei, Vincent. (2021-03-09). "Malignant". Art of VFX.com.
139. "Jungle Cruise". Industrial Light & Magic.
140. "Free Guy {{!}} Industrial Light & Magic".
141. Frei, Vincent. (September 1, 2021). "No Time To Die Art of VFX". Art of VFX.com.
142. "Red Notice {{!}} Industrial Light & Magic".
143. "The Batman {{!}} Industrial Light & Magic".
144. "The Bubble {{!}} Industrial Light & Magic".
145. Frei, Vincent. (2022-02-14). "Doctor Strange in the Multiverse of Madness".
146. "Jurassic World: Dominion {{!}} Industrial Light & Magic".
147. "Thor: Love and Thunder {{!}} Industrial Light & Magic".
148. Ehrlich, David. (July 5, 2022). "'Thor: Love and Thunder' Review: Fun and Quirky Space Epic Confronts Aimlessness of Post-Thanos MCU". [[IndieWire]].
149. "The Gray Man {{!}} Industrial Light & Magic".
150. "Good Night Oppy {{!}} Industrial Light & Magic".
151. "Good Night Oppy".
152. "Black Panther: Wakanda Forever {{!}} Industrial Light & Magic".
153. "The Fablemans {{!}} Industrial Light & Magic".
154. "Avatar: The Way of Water {{!}} Industrial Light & Magic".
155. "Babylon {{!}} Industrial Light & Magic".
156. "The Pale Blue Eye {{!}} Industrial Light & Magic".
157. "Ant-Man and the Wasp: Quantumania {{!}} Industrial Light & Magic".
158. "Dungeons & Dragons: Honor Among Thieves {{!}} Industrial Light & Magic".
159. Vary, Adam B.. (2023-03-01). "Building 'Dungeons & Dragons: Honor Among Thieves': How Jonathan Goldstein and John Francis Daley Brought the Ultimate Nerd Property to Movie Theaters".
160. "Renfield {{!}} Industrial Light & Magic".
161. "Guardians of the Galaxy Vol. 3 - The Art of VFX".
162. "Fast X {{!}} Industrial Light & Magic".
163. "Indiana Jones and the Dial of Destiny {{!}} Industrial Light & Magic".
164. "Mission: Impossible – Dead Reckoning Part One".
165. "Haunted Mansion".
166. "The Creator {{!}} Industrial Light & Magic".
167. "Killers of the Flower Moon".
168. "The Marvels {{!}} Industrial Light & Magic".
169. "Napoleon".
170. "Candy Cane Lane".
171. "Rebel Moon - Part One: A Child of Fire (ILM Art Department, conceptual development)".
172. "Aquaman and the Lost Kingdom {{!}} Industrial Light & Magic".
173. Frei, Vincent. (2023-12-04). "The Boys in the Boat".
174. "Road House {{!}} Industrial Light & Magic".
175. "Rebel Moon - Part Two: The Scargiver (ILM Art Department, conceptual development)".
176. "Atlas {{!}} Industrial Light & Magic".
177. Frei, Vincent. (2024-02-07). "A Quiet Place: Day One".
178. Frei, Vincent. (2024-02-12). "Twisters".
179. Frei, Vincent. (2024-02-12). "Deadpool & Wolverine".
180. "Alien: Romulus".
181. "Rez Ball".
182. "Joker: Folie à Deux".
183. "Venom: The Last Dance".
184. Frei, Vincent. (2024-10-12). "Blitz".
185. "Gladiator II".
186. Frei, Vincent. (2024-02-12). "Wicked: Part One".
187. "Sonic the Hedgehog 3".
188. Rubin, Rebecca. (December 17, 2024). "'Sonic the Hedgehog 3' to Outrun 'Mufasa' at Domestic Box Office but 'Lion King' Prequel Will Rule Globally". [[Penske Media Corporation]].
189. Frei, Vincent. (2024-12-20). "Back in Action".
190. "The Electric State".
191. "The Amateur".
192. "Sinners".
193. (2024-10-12). "Thunderbolts*".
194. "Mission: Impossible – The Final Reckoning".
195. "Lilo & Stitch".
196. (2024-07-08). "F1".
197. "Jurassic World: Rebirth".
198. "Superman".
199. (2025-04-02). "The Fantastic Four: First Steps".
200. "The Lost Bus".
201. "A Big Bold Beautiful Journey".
202. "TRON: Ares".
203. "Frankenstein".
204. "Predator: Badlands".
205. "The Running Man".
206. "Wicked: For Good".
207. "Avatar: Fire and Ash".
208. "Anaconda".
209. "Send Help".
210. Frei, Vincent. (2025-09-25). "The Bride!".
211. "Project Hail Mary".
212. "Michael".
213. "The Mandalorian and Grogu".
214. "Masters of the Universe".
215. "Supergirl".
216. "Moana".
217. (2025-12-20). "Digger".
218. "Avengers: Doomsday".
219. "The Death of Robin Hood".
220. "Star Wars: Starfighter".
221. "Voltron".
222. "Rango".
223. "Strange Magic".
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225. "Ultraman {{!}} Industrial Light & Magic".
226. "Transformers One".
227. (2 April 2014). "'Big Bang Theory,' Lucasfilm Team for 'Star Wars' Day Episode (Exclusive)".
228. (6 January 2015). "Agent Carter".
229. "The Mandalorian (Season 1)".
230. (26 June 2020). "Brave New World".
231. (5 August 2020). "The Boys – Season 2".
232. "The Mandalorian (Season 2)".
233. "The Stand".
234. "WandaVision".
235. (14 October 2021). "ILM brings the magic to Sunday Night Football".
236. "Underground Railroad".
237. "Loki (Season 1)".
238. "Hawkeye".
239. (29 October 2021). "The Witcher – Season 2".
240. "The Book of Boba Fett Industrial Light and Magic listing". Industrial Light and Magic.
241. "Obi-Wan Kenobi".
242. "Lovely Little Farm".
243. "The Old Man {{!}} Industrial Light & Magic".
244. "Light & Magic".
245. "The Sandman".
246. "Lost Ollie {{!}} Industrial Light & Magic".
247. "The Lord of the Rings: The Rings of Power".
248. "Star Wars: Andor".
249. "Willow".
250. "The Mandalorian (Season 3)".
251. "Ahsoka".
252. "Loki (Season Two)".
253. "Life on Our Planet".
254. "All the Light We Cannot See".
255. "The Santa Clauses (Season 2)".
256. (26 August 2024). "Percy Jackson and the Olympians".
257. "Echo".
258. "Industrial Light & Magic".
259. (2024-04-12). "For its 100th Episode, 'Station 19' Went Big — Space Needle Big".
260. (26 August 2024). "Knuckles".
261. (26 August 2024). "The Acolyte".
262. (11 July 2024). "The Boys – Season 4".
263. "Time Bandits".
264. (26 August 2024). "The Lord of the Rings: The Rings of Power (Season 2)".
265. "Silo (Season 2)".
266. "Star Wars: Skeleton Crew".
267. "Severance (Season 2)".
268. "Andor Season 2".
269. "Duster".
270. "Ironheart".
271. "Smoke".
272. "The Sandman (Season 2)".
273. "Invasion (Season 3)".
274. "Stranger Things (Season 5)".
275. "Percy Jackson and the Olympians (Season 2)".
276. "Fallout (Season 2)".
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278. Gilmer, Marcus. (May 16, 2018). "Before there was a new Star Wars film every year, there were the Ewok TV movies". [[Mashable]].
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280. Frei, Vincent. (October 26, 2022). "The Guardians of the Galaxy Holiday Special".
281. (2024-04-12). "ABBA Voyage".
282. (2024-04-12). "U2:UV Achtung Baby Live at Sphere".
283. (2024-04-12). "Postcard From Earth".
284. (2024-04-12). "Dead & Company: Dead Forever Live at Sphere".