Hortolândia

History

Origins

In 1798, lands were donated by the Portuguese Crown to José Teixeira Nogueira, an important mill owner in the region. He brought coffee for the first time to where the city of Hortolândia is today, whose work on the farms was based on slavery. After the slaves were freed, lands were donated to them, but stolen by an American doctor. Some areas were even renegotiated, but those that were made available did not favor coffee, so cotton, sugarcane and cattle breeding began to be grown. The place, which served as a stopping point for tropeiro, settlers and slaves, came to be called Jacuba (a Tupi-Guarani word meaning "hot water"), or the Sítio de Jacuba, since these travelers took advantage of the waters of the streams and the shade of the trees to rest and feed themselves.{{cite web | trans-title= | url-status=live | author-link= | access-date=27 July 2012 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120604031729/http://www.hortolandia.sp.gov.br/wps/portal/!ut/p/c0/04_SB8K8xLLM9MSSzPy8xBz9CP0os3hHDxdTZyMvYwN_TzMnAyMvA2MnD48gIwN_Q_2CbEdFACElxEU!/ | archive-date=4 June 2012 | editor-last= | editor-first= | trans-title= | url-status=live | author-link= | access-date=27 July 2012 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220606095710/http://www.hortolandia.com/novo_site/index.php?option=com_content | archive-date=6 June 2022 | editor-last= | editor-first=

The settlement began to take utterance when the telegraph office was inaugurated in 1896. Later, in 1917, the Jacuba telegraph post became a railroad station. Only in 1947 did its growth begin, with the approval of the Ortolândia Park subdivision, owned by João Ortolan. In December 1953, the District of Santa Cruz, which Jacuba was part of, was split from Campinas to become the municipality of Sumaré; as such, Jacuba went from a village to a district.

On April 17, 1958, Jacuba became known as Hortolândia,{{cite web | trans-title= | url-status=live | author-link= | access-date=27 July 2012 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120922160712/http://nossosaopaulo.com.br/Reg_10/Reg10_Hortolandia.htm | archive-date=22 September 2012 | editor-last= | editor-first=

In the mid-1920s, an industrialization process began in Sumaré, with tax incentives. An IBM factory was installed in the Hortolândia district, on the edge of the Rodovia Jornalista Francisco Aguirre Proença. Other companies were attracted by the abundant land and tax incentives.

As a district

The beginning of the process of turning Hortolândia into a municipality originated in 1975, although this first attempt was unsuccessful because Hortolândia did not reach 5 thousandths of the state's tax revenue and also because the President of the Republic did not give the endorsement for separation.{{cite web | trans-title= | author-link= | access-date=22 May 2012 | editor-last= | editor-first= | trans-title= | url-status=live | author-link= | access-date=17 June 2008 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100904174939/http://www.sapientia.pucsp.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=6846 | archive-date=4 September 2010 | editor-last= | editor-first=

In the 1980s, Hortolândia was responsible for most of Sumaré's tax collection, which exceeded 60%. Popular organization followed for the pro-separation movement. The residents wanted autonomy to define the future of Hortolândia, so they began to support creation of the municipality.{{cite web | trans-title= | url-status=live | author-link= | access-date=1 September 2012 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150604222754/http://www.liberal.com.br/noticia/45775AC0504-hortolandia_a_forca_de_um_povo | archive-date=4 June 2015 | editor-last= | editor-first= | trans-title= | url-status=live | author-link= | access-date=1 September 2012 | archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/6ALwWojva?url=http://dobuscadireta.imprensaoficial.com.br/default.aspx?DataPublicacao=19901222 | archive-date=1 September 2012 | editor-last= | editor-first=

As a city

The municipality of Hortolândia is located in a strategic position, between major poles of development. Due to its privileged position, the region attracts large industrial organizations, besides being surrounded by large universities. The geographical location of the city is to the west of Campinas, bordering also the cities of Sumaré and Monte Mor. Hortolândia is the smallest municipality in the Campinas metropolitan area. The main river that cuts through the town is the Ribeirão Jacuba [pt]. The city has benefited economically from being along the Rodovia Anhanguera, bordering Campinas, and being close to the Viracopos International Airport. More recently, a continuation of Rodovia dos Bandeirantes was implemented through the city, in the region of Jardim Amanda. This highway allowed important access to the municipality through the cloverleaf at the junction with Rodovia Jornalista Francisco Aguirre Proença in an area near the IBM do Brasil company.{{cite web | trans-title= | url-status=live | author-link= | access-date=22 July 2010 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150912163451/http://www2.uol.com.br/tododia/ano2004/maio/190504/especiais.htm | archive-date=12 September 2015 | editor-last= | editor-first=

There is a visible conurbation between Campinas, Sumaré and Hortolândia, without a clear identification of the territorial limits of these municipalities. The socio-economic interdependence for these municipalities is an element of extreme importance in the elaboration of their plans and projects.{{cite web | trans-title= | url-status=live | author-link= | access-date=27 July 2012 | archive-url=https://archive.today/20121127051110/http://2009.campinas.sp.gov.br/seplan/eventos/camp230/camp2303semipal3.htm | archive-date=27 November 2012 | editor-last= | editor-first=

Geography

Relief and hydrography

The soil is formed by the decomposition of eruptive rocks, with low density drainage and soils varying from red to yellow latosols, suitable for mechanised agriculture. There are also sandy soils suitable for pastures and occasional crops. In some stretches the layers are sedimentary and the sandstone substrate makes the soil more impoverished, noticeably susceptible to erosion. These characteristics are more noticeable where the terrain is more wavy.{{cite web | trans-title= | url-status=live | author-link= | access-date=29 July 2012 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091008194516/http://educar.sc.usp.br/biologia/cp/Americana/carac_amer.html | archive-date=8 October 2009 | editor-last= | editor-first=

The hydrographic basin of the Piracicaba River, the basin in which Hortolândia and the region are located, covers the southeastern part of the state of São Paulo and the extreme south of Minas Gerais and is the main source of water extraction for consumption in the Metropolitan Region of Campinas.{{cite web | trans-title= |url-status=dead | author-link= | access-date=29 July 2012 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130730180305/http://www.muito.com.br/piracicaba/rio-piracicaba.html | archive-date=30 July 2013 | editor-last= | editor-first=

Climate

The Köppen climate classification of the region is humid subtropical climate (Cwa),{{cite web | trans-title= |url-status=dead | author-link= | access-date=29 July 2012 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110504000951/http://koeppen-geiger.vu-wien.ac.at/pics/kottek_et_al_2006.gif | archive-date=4 May 2011 | editor-last= | editor-first= | trans-title= | url-status=live | author-link= | access-date=29 July 2012 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120402180006/http://www.cpa.unicamp.br/outras-informacoes/clima_muni_220.html | archive-date=2 April 2012 | editor-last= | editor-first=

The average annual rainfall is 1384.3 mm, with August being the driest month, when only 21.0 mm occurs. In January, the rainiest month, the average is 279.6 mm. In recent years, however, hot and dry days during winter have been increasingly frequent, often exceeding the 30 °C mark, especially between July and September. In August 2010, for example, there was no rain at all in the city.{{cite web | trans-title= |url-status=dead | author-link= | access-date=29 July 2012 | archive-url=https://archive.today/20240525091606/https://www.webcitation.org/5zLoG8HMe?url=http://bancodedados.cptec.inpe.br/climatologia/Controller%3Fcodigo=19934&action=diaria&mes=08&ano=2010&ok.x=8&ok.y=12 | archive-date=2024-05-25 | editor-last= | editor-first= | trans-title= | url-status=live | author-link= | access-date=29 July 2012 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121015045439/http://www.walterbartels.com/noticia/9005/meio-ambiente-21-10-2010-hortolandia-fecha-o-cerco-as-queimadas- | archive-date=15 October 2012 | editor-last= | editor-first=

Ecology and environment

Most of the original vegetation that existed in the city in the Atlantic Forest was ravaged. Like 13 other municipalities of the Metropolitan Region of Campinas, the city suffers a serious environmental stress, and Hortolândia, along with Santa Bárbara d'Oeste and Sumaré, is considered one of the most critical areas subject to flooding and silting, with less than 2% of vegetation. This is the result of a historical process of land use by monocultures such as coffee and cattle breeding.{{cite web | trans-title= |url-status=dead | author-link= | access-date=29 July 2012 | archive-url=https://archive.today/20121231141110/http://www.proambientecampinas.com.br/eventos-reportagens-2009-pro-ambiente-campinas-assessoria-ambiental.html | archive-date=31 December 2012 | editor-last= | editor-first=

To try to reverse this situation, several projects have been and are being carried out and planned, such as the construction of wildlife corridors, despite the fact that the remaining forest fragments suffer continuously from the pressure of irregular urban settlements. There are also several environmental projects to combat the destruction of the riparian forests and an environmental protection area is being created to contain the conurbation with neighboring cities.{{cite web | trans-title= | url-status=live | author-link= | access-date=29 July 2012 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110611161735/http://www.rac.com.br/noticias/campinas-e-rmc/86437/2011/06/08/apa-no-campo-grande-vai-evitar-conurbacao.html | archive-date=11 June 2011 | editor-last= | editor-first=

Media

In telecommunications, the city was served by Telecomunicações de São Paulo. In July 1998, this company was acquired by Telefónica, which adopted the Vivo brand in 2012. The company is currently an operator of cell phones, fixed lines, internet (fiber optics/4G) and television (satellite and cable).

References

References

1. [https://cidades.ibge.gov.br/brasil/sp/hortolandia/panorama IBGE 2020]
2. "Região Metropolitana de Campinas".
3. "Creation of Telesp - April 12, 1973".
4. "Our History - Telefônica RI".