Hipólito Mejía

Early life

Mejía Domínguez was born on 22 February 1941 at the José María Cabral y Báez Hospital in Santiago de los Caballeros, as the first child of Hipólito de Jesús ‘Polín’ Mejía Díaz and María Josefa ‘Marina’ Domínguez Viñals, both native of La Chichigua in Gurabo, place where he was raised. In his hometown he is known as Cabuyita, diminutive for cabuya (Latin American Spanish for "Agave twine"), because of the long blond straight hair that he had during his youth.

Mejía received a high school diploma from the Loyola Polytechnic Institute in San Cristóbal, Dominican Republic, graduating in 1962. Two years later, he attended special programs at North Carolina State University in the United States. On 4 July 1964 he married Rosa Gómez Arias, his third cousin. They have four children, among them, Carolina Mejía de Garrigó, a 2016 vice-presidential candidate.

At age twenty-four, he was appointed director and undersecretary of the national Tobacco Institute. In 1978, he was appointed Minister of Agriculture under the government of President Antonio Guzmán Fernández. During this period, agri-business incentive laws were passed and programs to promote rural agriculture development and technification were undertaken.

In 1982, Mejia was defeated in his campaign to become senator from Santiago Province. In 1990, he was named vice-presidential candidate on the ticket of Dominican Revolutionary Party leader José Francisco Peña Gómez.

Presidency

In 2000, Mejía ran for president as the candidate of the left leaning Dominican Revolutionary Party (PRD) on a program to increase health, education, and social security services through tax hikes. He led the field in the 2000 presidential election, taking 49.87% of the vote in the first round. His main opponents, Danilo Medina and former president Joaquín Balaguer, received 24.9% and 24.6% of the vote, respectively.

With Mejía just a few thousand votes short of the threshold for avoiding a runoff, his supporters claimed victory and urged Medina to concede. Medina soon realized that he stood no chance of closing a nearly 25-point gap with Mejía, especially when Balaguer suggested that some of his supporters might cross over to the PRD in the runoff. Medina would have needed nearly all of Balaguer's voters to cross over to him in order to have any realistic chance of winning. Accordingly, Medina pulled out of the runoff, handing the presidency to Mejía. Mejía took office on 16 August of that year.

During his presidency, he supported many popular issues, like social security, helping small businesses, agriculture, improving education and helping with adequate housing. He received considerable support from the people during the first two years of his mandate, which caused his party to win the congressional and municipal elections taking control of the Senate with 29 out of 31 senators.

During Mejía’s term, the country's second largest privately held commercial bank, Baninter, collapsed in a spectacular failure tied to long-standing political corruption. However, no evidence has ever linked Mejia to any corruption nor was he ever taken to court. Actually, it was later proved by international organizations such as the International Monetary Fund that the bank was fraudulently caused to fail − something for which its President and CEO Ramón Báez Figueroa was years later found guilty and sentenced to 10 years in prison.

During his term, Mejía attempted to spread government resources and services to thousands of smaller, rural communities scattered around the country instead of the traditional efforts to concentrate on big cities (where most voters live). He established the country's first social security type retirement system, and created a fixed advanced corporate tax of 1.5% to aid in government revenue collection.

His administration was packed with corruption and cronyism and also was not able to achieve the economic success and stability of his predecessor.

In March 2004, the Haiti Commission of Inquiry, headed by former US attorney general Ramsey Clark, published its findings : "Noting that 200 US special forces had travelled to the Dominican Republic for “military exercises” in February 2003, the commission accused the US of arming and training Haitian rebels there. With permission from the Dominican president, Hipólito Mejía, US forces trained near the border, in an area used by former soldiers of the disbanded Haitian army to launch attacks on Haitian state property." In the 2004 presidential election, he was defeated by Leonel Fernández, when he ran for re-election for a second term.

By the time Mejía left office, the Dominican Republic was undergoing a major economic crisis.

Mejía again contested the 2012 presidential election, losing to Danilo Medina, his 2000 election opponent.

Criticism

In his time, Mejía faced both the highest and then the lowest approval ratings for a Constitutional President in recent times.

Mejía's first presidential campaign in 2000 won him the first Dominican presidency under then new electoral rules that required a "50 más 1" (50 percent plus one of the total votes in order to win in the first voting round.) This was in stark contrast to the late PRD leader, José Francisco Peña Gómez, who unsuccessfully ran for office three times consecutively (1990, 1994 and 1996) and never received the support that Mejia received in his first attempt.

While holding the seat of Head of State, Mejía actively sought to change the then current constitution in order for it to allow consecutive presidential re-elections. This was achieved with the aid of his party's majority stake at both legislative chambers (Senate and Lower Chamber). The original constitution prevented the previous president from contending against him in 2000.

Ancestry

Three of Mejía′s grandparents were farmers native to Gurabo (Santiago Province, not to be confused with a city in Puerto Rico) while his paternal grandfather, Segundo Mejía Mejía, was from Hato de San Marcos de Cañafístol (Peravia Province), then a ranch estate near Baní.

The Domínguez and the Díaz hails from Gurabo, being of colonial Canarian background. These families were traditionally farmers and merchants.

The Viñals hails from Santo Domingo of colonial Catalan background.

The Mejías from Cañafístol, Baní, were well-to-do white ranchers linked to the colonial petite aristocracy since the 1500s; endogamy was the custom in small communities and almost every generation of the Mejías married with relatives, meaning that Hipólito Mejía's bloodline includes several cousin marriages. President Mejía himself was married to a cousin, as well, until his wife's death in 2022.

Through his Báez, Villar and Soto ancestors, President Mejía is distantly related through many lines to President Danilo Medina, via Medina′s paternal grandfather —José María Medina Báez— who, alike Mejía′s paternal grandfather, was also from Baní. Three of Medina Báez grandparents were surnamed Báez. Their shared ancestors includes Lorenzo Báez de Cuéllar-Albornoz (seven times seventh cousins through him), Pedro del Villar María (four times seventh cousins through him), María de la Cruz de Arambule Maldonado (four times sixth cousins through her), Esteban Peguero Gómez (seven times ninth cousins through him), and Antonio de Soto y Hernández de Andújar.

Popular culture

President Mejía is solely responsible for the popularity of the chacabana shirt (Guayabera) in the Dominican Republic as, before his presidency, the style was almost dead and mostly wore by a low number of senior citizens. Mejía was largely mocked and criticized by his opponents, the press, comedians, and a large number of the general population for making the presidency look informal by wearing white chacabanas every day to the National Palace instead of a suit and tie, like former presidents and leaders worldwide. Mejía rarely wore suits in public and only did so for highly formal events. All the public attention generated by his attire only allowed the style to be adopted by other prominent figures, his cabinet, and then men of all ages until the present day. It is the most popular male attire for elegant or formal occasions in the Dominican Republic.

A political poster with Mejía's face appears in the music video of Green Day's "Warning" at the time frame 1:55.

References

Most references are translated into English, although their external verifiable sources are written in Spanish. No attempts of 100% textual translations are or will be attempted, but the message conveyed is mostly accurate and following Wikipedia's Neutral Point of View.

References

1. (4 September 2004). "En sus 95 años de existencia Agricultura ha tenido 86 secretarios".
2. "Ley No. 352-06 que concede una pensión del Estado en favor del señor Pedro Agustín Bretón Taveras, de 14 de Septiembre de 2006".
3. "Sepultan dirigente PRD Ángeles Suárez".
4. (31 December 2015). "Parentescos insospechados de personajes de la República Dominicana". Diario Libre.
5. [http://www.pciudadana.com/crisisbancaria/index.html] {{webarchive. link. (January 27, 2010)
6. [[:es:Economía de la República Dominicana]]
7. "Citan causas quiebra bancos 2003 - Hoy Digital".
8. "Dominican Republic".
9. "Dominican Republic: 2004 Presidential Election/ 2004 Elecciones Presidenciales".
10. (17 March 2012). "Hipólito fue el niño mimado de 'Belica'". El Caribe.
11. (22 April 2012). "Hipólito Mejía nunca hablaba mentiras". El Día.
12. "Doña Rosa Gómez de Mejía". [[Pontifical Catholic University Mother and Teacher]].
13. (2 April 2011). "Parentescos entre Primeras Damas y Presidentes (4 de 4)". Dominican Institute of Genealogy.
14. (2007). "Doña Rosa Gómez de Mejía biografia". [[Pontificia Universidad Católica Madre y Maestra]].
15. Gonzalez, David. (2000-05-19). "Dominican Wins Presidency As Opponent Shuns Runoff". [[The New York Times]].
16. (17 August 2000). "President Mejia, Cabinet Sworn In". Los Angeles Times.
17. (4 October 2004). "President Leonel Fernández: Friend or Foe of Reform?".
18. (September 2004). "Haiti: Titide's downfall".
19. (23 May 2002). "Dominican Republic vote: Hipolito Mejia decries result".
20. ''"El ex presidente Hipólito Mejía ha perdido popularidad entre los electores."''
    The ex president Hipólito Mejía has lost popularity among the electorate. [http://www.elcaribecdn.com/articulo_multimedios.aspx?id=89736&guid=E145B31EF31F403B822DD2EDE37AE798&Seccion=63 www.ElCaribeCDN.com]
21. ''"En las últimas encuestas la popularidad de Mejía ha declinado y la de Fernández ha ido en aumento. En la encuesta de El Caribe, por ejemplo, realizada por Penn, Schoen & Berland, el ex presidente tiene 60% de opinión favorable, mientras que el Presidente tiene sólo 51% de opinión favorable."''
    In the last polls, the popularity of Mejia has been dwindling ... in the poll conducted by [[Penn, Schoen & Berland]] ... the President only has a 51% of approval. [http://www.pciudadana.com/articulos_analisis/art_2002/04272002por_fausto_rosario.htm www.pcciudadana.com] {{webarchive. link. (November 30, 2007)
22. ''"La popularidad de Mejía se sitúa, en todas las encuestas, en el 10%, más o menos."'' The popularity of Mejía is placed, in all the polls, in the 10%, give or take. [http://www.americaeconomica.com/numeros4/253/reportajes/norma253.htm www.AmericaEconomica.com] {{Webarchive. link. (2016-03-04)