Haglund's syndrome

Haglund's deformity

Haglund's deformity was first described by Patrick Haglund in 1927. It is also known as retrocalcaneal exostosis, Mulholland deformity, and 'pump bump.' It is a prevalent clinical condition, but still poorly understood. Haglund's deformity is an abnormality of the bone and soft tissues in the foot. An enlargement of the bony section of the heel (where the Achilles tendon is inserted) triggers this condition. The soft tissue near the back of the heel can become irritated when the large, bony lump rubs against rigid shoes.

Diagnosis

The etiology is not well known, but some probable causes, like a tight Achilles tendon, a high foot arch, and heredity, have been suggested. Middle age is the most common age of affection, females are more affected than males, and the occurrence is often bilateral. A clinical feature of this condition is pain in the back of the heel, which is more severe after rest. Clinical evaluation and lateral radiographs of the ankle are mostly enough to make a diagnosis of Haglund's syndrome.

Prevention

To help prevent a recurrence of Haglund's deformity:

• wear appropriate shoes; avoid shoes with a rigid heel back
• use arch supports or orthotic devices
• perform stretching exercises to prevent the Achilles tendon from tightening
• avoid running on hard surfaces and running uphill

Known Treatments

1. Haglund's syndrome is often treated conservatively by altering the heel height in shoe wear, orthosis, physiotherapy, and anti-inflammatory drugs. Surgical excision of the bony exostoses of the calcaneum is only required in resistant cases.
2. Keck and Kelly Wedge Osteotomy
3. Excision of the retrocalcaneal bursa.
4. Calcaneal osteotomy.
5. Osseous debridement from the Achilles tendon.
6. Retrocalcaneal enthesophyte resection with functional Achilles tendon lengthening and buried knots.

References

References

1. (2004-01-22). "Soft tissue rheumatology". Oxford University Press, 2004.
2. (2016). "Haglund's syndrome: A commonly seen mysterious condition". Cureus.
3. "Haglund's Deformity – Pump Bump on Heel {{!}} Foot Health Facts – Foot Health Facts".
4. "Achilles Tendinitis - OrthoInfo - AAOS".
5. (2022-02-01). "Clinical results of the Keck and Kelly Wedge Osteotomy approach in Haglund's deformity: Minimum 3-year follow-up". Foot and Ankle Surgery.
6. (2021). "Retrocalcaneal Enthesophyte Resection With Functional Lengthening of the Achilles Tendon and Buried Knot Technique: A Case Series". The Journal of Foot and Ankle Surgery.