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Frank's sign

Diagonal crease in the ear lobe

Earlobe creases seen in a Japanese angina patient

Frank's sign is a diagonal crease in the ear lobe extending from the tragus across the lobule to the rear edge of the auricle. The sign is named after Sanders T. Frank.

It has been hypothesised that Frank's sign is indicative of cardiovascular disease and/or diabetes. Some studies have described Frank's sign as a marker of cardiovascular disease but not linked to the severity of the condition. In contrast, other studies have rebutted any association between Frank's sign and coronary artery disease in diabetics. There have also been reported cases of Frank's sign being a predictor of cerebral infarctions. A link between Frank's sign and premature aging and the loss of dermal and vascular fibers has also been hypothesized. Some studies have focused on association between bilateral earlobe crease and coronary artery disease. It is probably prudent to consider Frank's Sign alongside other clinical markers of physiological ageing, rather than utilising it as a stand-alone sign in the identification of coronary artery disease.

Severity

Grade 3 – A deep crease across the whole of the earlobe.
Grade 2b – Creased more than halfway across the earlobe.
Grade 2a – A superficial crease across the earlobe.
Grade 1 – A small amount of wrinkling on the earlobe.

Notable individuals with Frank's sign

Dick Van Dyke
George W. Bush
Mel Gibson
Steven Spielberg

References

Frank ST. (August 1973). "Aural sign of coronary-artery disease". N. Engl. J. Med..
(2017). "Frank's Sign as a clinical marker of cardiovascular disease". Journal of Paramedic Practice.
Miot, H.A., Molina de Medeiros, M. etal (2006). [http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?pid=S0365-05962006000100003&script=sci_arttext&tlng=en Association between coronary artery disease and the diagonal earlobe an preauricular creases in men.] Anais Brasileiros de Dermatologia. vol.81 no.1
Mustafa Ahmed, M.D.. (13 August 2014). "Earlobe Crease And Heart Disease – Fact Or Myth?". Abel Healthcare.
(January 1987). "[Frank's sign and coronary disease]". Ann Cardiol Angeiol (Paris).
(October 2000). "The diagonal ear lobe crease (Frank's sign) is not associated with coronary artery disease or retinopathy in type 2 diabetes: the Fremantle Diabetes Study". Australian and New Zealand Journal of Medicine.
(April 28, 2017). "Diagonal Earlobe Crease (Frank's Sign): A Predictor of Cerebral Vascular Events". [[The American Journal of Medicine]].
George Griffing, M.D.. (March 2014). "Frank's Sign". The New England Journal of Medicine.
(2004). "Bilateral diagonal earlobe crease and coronary artery disease: a significant association". Dermatology.
Mallinson TE, Brooke D. (2017). "Limited Diagnostic Potential of Diagonal Earlobe Crease.". Ann Emerg Med.
Livingston, David. (November 29, 2018). "Dick Van Dyke (age 92), Premiere Of Disney's 'Mary Poppins Returns' - Arrivals". Getty Images.
Lindsay, Jessica. (March 27, 2018). "If you have this mark on your ear, it could be a warning you have heart disease". [[Metro (British newspaper).
Wachs, Daliah. (August 29, 2018). "Deep Forehead Wrinkles May Suggest Heart Disease Risk". [[KDWN]].

Info: Wikipedia Source

This article was imported from Wikipedia and is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License. Content has been adapted to SurfDoc format. Original contributors can be found on the article history page.

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