British–Irish Council

Background

The British–Irish Council was established on 10 April 1998 following two years worth of negotiations between the UK and Irish Governments alongside the political parties in Northern Ireland on the terms of the Good Friday Agreement. Under the terms of the agreement, a political organisation was to be established in order to foster and provide opportunities to greater integral working between both the UK and Irish governments, and later the devolved governments of Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland. The Multi-Party agreement between both the UK and Irish governments formally came into effect on 2 December 1999.

Since its formation, the heads of governments of the United Kingdom, the Republic of Ireland, Scotland, Northern Ireland, Wales, the Isle of Man, Guernsey and Jersey have met biannually during the Heads of Administrations summit. The first meeting of the British–Irish council took place on 17 December 1999. The first meeting was hosted by the United Kingdom and Prime Minister Tony Blair in London.

In 2006, the St. Andrews Agreement was signed in order to establish a standing permanent Secretariat to the British–Irish Council. The establishment of the position was designed to "further the British-Irish Council work". The Permanent Secretariat was established six years later in Edinburgh, following an agreement between council members at the summit in 2010 hosted by Guernsey that the Scottish Government would be the Permanent Secretariat host. The Secretariat was formally established in January 2012.

In 2023, the summits held in Jersey and the Republic of Ireland marked twenty-five years since the Good Friday Agreement, whilst the 42nd summit hosted by Scotland in December 2024 marked twenty-five years since the inaugural meeting of the council.

Overview and structure

The nine heads of government meet at summits twice per year. Additionally, there are regular meetings that deal with specific sectors which are attended by the corresponding ministers. Representatives of members operate in accordance with whatever procedures for democratic authority and accountability are in force in their respective elected legislatures.

England, unlike the other countries of the United Kingdom, is not represented separately, as it does not have its own devolved administration. It is thus solely represented on the council as part of the United Kingdom. Although Cornwall technically holds observer status on the Council due to its language, it is also represented by the UK government.

The work of the council is financed by members through mutual agreement as required. At the ninth meeting of the Council in July 2007 it was decided that with devolved government returned to Northern Ireland that an opportune time existed "to undertake a strategic review of the Council's work programmes, working methods and support arrangements." This decision included the potential for a permanent standing secretariat, which was established in Edinburgh, Scotland, on 4 January 2012.

At its June 2010 summit, the Council decided to move forward on recommendations to enhance the relationship between it and the British-Irish Parliamentary Assembly (BIPA). The British-Irish Parliamentary Assembly is made up of members from the parliaments and assemblies of the same states and regions as the members of the British–Irish Council. The Council tasked its secretariat with moving this work forward in conjunction with the BIPA's secretariat.

Work areas

The Council agrees to specific work areas for which individual members take responsibility. The Belfast Agreement suggested transport links, agriculture, environmental issues, culture, health, education and approaches to the European Union as suitable topics for early discussion. However, these work areas can be expanded or reduced as the Council decides. It is also open to the council to make agreement on common policies. These agreements are made through consensus, although individual members may opt not to participate in implementing any of these.

The current list of work areas and the member responsible are:

• Collaborative spatial planning (Northern Ireland)
• Demography (Scotland)
• Digital inclusion (Isle of Man)
• Early years policy (Wales)
• Energy (United Kingdom – Electricity Grids, and Scotland – Marine)
• Environment (United Kingdom)
• Housing (Northern Ireland)
• Indigenous, minority and lesser-used languages (Wales)
• Misuse of Substances (drugs and alcohol) (Ireland)
• Social inclusion (Scotland and Wales)
• Transport (Northern Ireland)
• Creative Industries (Jersey)

Demography was adopted as a work area at the 2006 meeting of the council. It was proposed by the Scottish Executive, who also took responsibility for it. During the 2007 meeting of the council the Scottish Government further proposed that energy become a work area of the council. Past work sector areas included knowledge economy, e-health / telemedicine and tourism.

Membership

Member administrations

Advisors

Current leaders

Membership of the Council consists of the following administrations (with current heads of administrations ):

Name of the Council

Initial suggestions for the council included the names Council of the British Isles or Council of the Isles, and the council has sometimes been known by the latter name. However, owing to sensitivities around the term British Isles, particularly in Ireland, the name British–Irish Council was agreed.

The official name of the council is represented in minority and lesser-used languages of the council as:

• Guernésiais: Conseil Britannique-Irlàndais
• Jèrriais: {{audio-nohelp|Jer-Conseil Britannique-Irlandais.ogg|Conseil Britannique-Irlandais}}
• Ulster-Scots: Britisch-Airisch Cooncil

Summits

Notes

References

References

1. (2023-10-23). "Cyfarfod Gweinidogol Ieithoedd Brodorol, Lleiafrifol a Llai eu Defnydd".
2. (2005). "Identity and institutions: conflict reduction in divided societies". [[SUNY Press]].
3. Bogdanor, Vernon. (July 1999). "The British–Irish Council and Devolution". [[Cambridge University Press]].
4. (25 June 2010). "British-Irish Council".
5. "Background". The British-Irish Council.
6. "Timeline". The British-Irish Council.
7. (2 December 2024). "Scotland to host 42nd British-Irish Council". [[Scottish Government]].
8. (8 April 2015). "Fourth Report Submitted By United Kingdom Pursuant To Article 25, Paragraph 2 Of The Framework Convention For The Protection Of National Minorities". [[Council of Europe]].
9. (2018). "New Frontiers: Cornish Culture and Heritage". [[Cornwall Council]].
10. "The Belfast Agreement November 2013".
11. (28 November 2023). "Cornwall Council approves new devolution deal". [[BBC]].
12. (2022-02-03). "DUP: NI First Minister Paul Givan announces resignation". BBC News.
13. (30 May 1996). "UDP proposes creation of British Isles council". [[Irish Times]].
14. (October 1998). "The British-Irish Council: Nordic Lessons for the Council of the Isles". [[The Constitution Unit]].
15. (16 May 2013). "Menystrans hembronk rag yethow teythyek, minoryta ha le-usys yw an Governans Kembrek". British-Irish Council.
16. 1/1999: AN tACHT UM CHOMHAONTÚ NA BREATAINE-NA hÉIREANN, 1999
17. "Work of the British-Irish Council". British-Irish Council.
18. (11 June 2021). "Arlene Foster bows out with smiles and Frank Sinatra's That's Life".
19. (22 November 2022). "In Context: The British-Irish Council".
20. (13 June 2023). "Jersey to host 39th British-Irish Council Summit".
21. (2 December 2024). "British-Irish Council Summit to be hosted by the Scottish Government". The British Irish Council.
22. (9 June 2025). "British-Irish Council Summit to be hosted by the Northern Ireland Executive".
23. (1 December 2025). "44th British-Irish Council Summit to be hosted by Welsh Government".