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Al-Qa'im (Abbasid caliph at Cairo)
13th Abbasid caliph in Mamluk Cairo
13th Abbasid caliph in Mamluk Cairo
| Field | Value |
|---|---|
| name | Abu al-Baqa Hamza al-Qa'im |
| ابو الباقة حمزة القائم بأمر الله | |
| succession | 13th Caliph of Cairo |
| reign | 1451–1455 |
| predecessor | al-Mustakfi II |
| successor | al-Mustanjid |
| birth_date | unknown date |
| birth_place | Cairo, Mamluk Sultanate (now Egypt) |
| death_date | 1458 |
| death_place | Cairo, Mamluk Sultanate |
| burial_place | Egypt |
| father | al-Mutawakkil I |
| mother | Bay Khatun |
| religion | Sunni Islam |
ابو الباقة حمزة القائم بأمر الله
Abū al-Baqa Hamza Al-Qa'im (; died 1458) was the thirteenth Abbasid caliph of Cairo for the Mamluk Sultanate between 1451 and 1455. He was deposed by Sultan Sayf ad-Din Inal after al-Qa'im supported a mutiny of mamluks against Inal.
Life
He was the son of Al-Mutawakkil I and he was the successor to the office after the death of his brother, who was not entrusted with succession to anyone after him. He was a strict man, and he established his reign. Al-Zawahiri died in early 857 AH. The Caliph took his son, Othman, as the ruler of the Sultanate. He took the title of Al-Mansour. He was the ruler of the state, Prince Anal, and a month and a half after he took over the Sultanate.
Most of Uthman's Zahiri mamluks abandoned their support for Inal by 16 March when the Caliph al-Qa'im and the top qadis ("judges") passed a resolution stripping Uthman of his executive authority. Inal, at age 73, was thereby proclaimed sultan and entered the citadel later that week, capturing Uthman. On 9 April Inal had Uthman imprisoned in Alexandria.
On 15 June 1455 Inal faced a mutiny by roughly 500 of his Circassian mamluks after assembling them to launch an expedition against Bedouin tribesmen invading al-Buhayra Province (the Delta region.) Inal had rejected their requests for customary camels as a result of the poor economic conditions of the sultanate. Consequently, the mamluks rallied in Cairo's horse market, refusing to participate in the expedition. Being leaderless, the mutineers were organized and directed by the higher ranking mamluks. They attempted to assassinate Yunus al-Aqba'i, Inal's executive secretary, as he departed from the Cairo Citadel, but his bodyguards warded off the attackers, wounding a few of them. The mutineers were then joined by the recently dismissed Zahiris (the faction which Inal originally hailed from) and subsequently besieged the citadel, demanding higher salaries and the handing over of Yunus. Afterward, Inal sent disciplinary officers to assuage the mamluks concerns, but to no avail. The mamluks proceeded to raid Yunus's house, but were unsuccessful and returned to the horse market. There, Inal sent a herald to offer the mamluks amnesty and their wounded compensation, but they refused and severely beat the herald. After the mamluks blocked the street to the citadel preventing the royal emirs from leaving. Inal dispatched four emirs to negotiate with the mamluks, but they were taken hostage until their demands were met.
The mutiny convinced Caliph al-Qa'im to abandon his support for Inal and join the uprising. With the caliph providing symbolic legitimacy to the mamluks, they took up arms and assaulted the citadel. Finding himself faced with no alternatives, Inal launched an offensive against the mutineers. The Royal Mamluk Guard of the citadel resisted the rebels and eventually dispersed the Zahiris. Inal had al-Qa'im arrested and imprisoned in Alexandria. He was replaced by al-Mustanjid. All mamluks with the exception of the royal guard were removed from their positions in citadel and some of the mutineers were either imprisoned or exiled. Despite the insurrection, Inal supplied the mamluks with the camels they sought and the expedition to al-Buhayra was carried out.
That "Enal" minted the Sultanate in the spring of the first of 857 AH, and took the title of "Ashraf". The Sultan differed with the Al-Qaim. The Sultan seized the Caliph in the month of Jumadi I and imprisoned him in Alexandria. He remained there until he died in 1458 (863 AH) and was buried there. Then the Sultan announced Al-Mustanjid as caliph.
ibn](abd-al-muttalib) ʿHāshīm ʿAbd al-Muṭṭalib](abdullah-ibn-abd-al-muttalib) al-ʿAbbās ibn ʿAbd al-Muṭṭalib](abbas-ibn-abd-al-muttalib) ibn ʿAbd al-Muṭṭalib](abd-al-muttalib) al-Nabiyyin Abū'l-Qāsīm Muḥammad ibn ʿAbd Allāh](muhammad) ʿAbd Allāh ibn al-ʿAbbās](ibn-abbas)
ʿAbd Allāh al-Sajjad](ali-ibn-abd-allah-ibn-al-abbas) al-Hānafīyya
"al-Imām"](muhammad-ibn-ali-ibn-abdallah)
716/7 - 743**
-
ʿAbd Allāh ibn ʿAlī
-
Abd al-Sāmad
-
Ṣāliḥ ibn ʿAlī
-
Sulayman
ʿAbd Allāh ibn Muḥammad](abd-allah-ibn-muhammad-ibn-al-hanafiyya)
(Zayn al-ʿĀbidīn)](ali-al-sajjad)
"al-Imām"](ibrahim-al-imam)
743 - 749** ʿAbd Allāh al-Mānṣūr](al-mansur)**
r. 754–775 ʿAbd Allāh as-Saffāh](al-saffah)**
r. 750–754
al-Mahdī](al-mahdi)**
r. 775–785
762–764
748–755
750–765
Shāh Ghāzī** (ʿAbd Allāh ibn Muḥammad)](abdullah-shah-ghazi)
al-Hādī](al-hadi)**
r. 785–786 ar-Rāshīd](harun-al-rashid)**
r. 786–809
-
Mūsā
-
Ismā'īl
-
Dā'wūd}}
al-Amin](al-amin)**
r. 809–813 al-Ma'mun](al-ma-mun)**
r. 813–833 al-Mu'tasim](al-mu-tasim)**
r. 833–842
al-Wathiq](al-wathiq)**
r. 842–847
r. 847–861 al-Mu'tasim](muhammad-ibn-al-mu-tasim)
al-Musta'in](al-musta-in)**
r. 862–866
870–891 al-Muntasir](al-muntasir)**
r. 861–862
al-Muhtadi](al-muhtadi)**
r. 869–870 al-Mu'tadid](al-mu-tadid)**
r. 892–902 al-Mu'tazz](al-mu-tazz)**
r. 866–869
850–861 Al-Ukhayḍhir**
al-Mu'tamid](al-mu-tamid)**
r. 870–892 ar-Rassī ibn IbrāhīmṬabāṭabā](al-qasim-al-rassi)**
al-Muktafī](al-muktafi)**
r. 902–908 al-Muqtadir](al-muqtadir)**
r. 908–929, 929–932 al-Qāhir](al-qahir)**
r. 929, 932–934
875–892 Al-Ukhayḍhir**
Yaḥyā ibn al-Ḥusayn
al-Mustakfī](al-mustakfi)**
r. 944–946 al-Muttaqī](al-muttaqi)**
r. 940–944 al-Rādī](al-radi)**
r. 934–940 al-Mutīʿ](al-muti)**
r. 946–974 al-Ṭāʾiʿ](al-ta-i)**
r. 974–991 al-Qāʿdīr](al-qadir)**
r. 991–1031
1039–1056 al-Mūqtādī](al-muqtadi)**
r. 1075–1094 al-Mūstāzhīr](al-mustazhir)**
r. 1094–1118 Muhammad ibn Zayd
Hasan ibn Zayd
r. 1118–1135 Hasan al-Utrush
al-Rāshīd](al-rashid-billah)**
r. 1135–1136 al-Qabī al-Mūqtāfī](al-muqtafi)**
r. 1136–1160 ibn Alī al-Mūstānjīd](al-mustanjid)**
r. 1160–1170 ibn al-Hāsān al-Mūstādī'](al-mustadi)**
r. 1170–1180 al-Nāsīr](al-nasir)**
r. 1180–1225 az-Zāhīr](al-zahir-bi-amr-allah)**
r. 1225–1226
r. 1260–1277 al-Hakim I**
r. 1262–1302 al-Mūstānsīr](al-mustansir-i)**
r. 1226–1242 al-Mūstānsīr**
r. 1261 al-Mustakfī I**
r. 1302–1340| boxstyle_A02=color:yellow; background-color:YellowGreen; border-width:3px al-Ḥākim bi-amr Allāh al-Mūstā'sīm](al-musta-sim)**
r. 1242–1258 al-Hakim II**
r. 1341–1352 al-Mu'tadid I**
r. 1352–1362 al-Wāṯiq I**
r. 1340–1341 al-Mutawakkil I**
r. 1362–1377, 1377–1383, 1389–1406 al-Musta'sim**
r. 1377, 1386–1389 al-Wāṯiq II**
r. 1383–1386 al-Mu'tadīd II**
r. 1414–1441 al-Mustakfī II**
r. 1441–1451 al-Qāʾim**
r. 1451–1455 al-Mustanjid**
r. 1455–1479 al-Mutawakkil ʿalā'Llāh al-Mutawakkil II**
r. 1479–1497 al-Mustamsik**
r. 1497–1508, 1516–1517 al-Mutawakkil III**
r. 1508–1516, 1517 |}
References
Sources
Bibliography
References
- Levanoni, 1995, p. [https://books.google.com/books?id=YT_pUKZFdt4C&pg=PA101 101]
- Muir, 1896, p. [https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.54381/page/n206/mode/1up 156]
- Levanoni, 1995, p. [https://books.google.com/books?id=YT_pUKZFdt4C&pg=PA128 128]
- Muir, 1896, p. [https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.54381/page/n207/mode/1up 157]
- Natho, 2010, p. [https://books.google.com/books?id=eE2pDLgibVoC&pg=PA216 216]
- Levanoni, 1995, p. [https://books.google.com/books?id=YT_pUKZFdt4C&pg=PA129 129]
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