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2010 European Curling Championships – Men's tournament


FieldValue
Name2010 European Curling Championships
Men's tournament
Host cityChampéry, Switzerland
ArenaPalladium Ice Hall
DatesDecember 4–11, 2010
Winner****
Curling clubnone
SkipThomas Ulsrud
ThirdTorger Nergård
SecondChristoffer Svae
LeadHåvard Vad Petersson
AlternateMarkus Hoiberg
Finalist

Main article: 2010 European Curling Championships

Men's tournament

The men's tournament of the 2010 European Curling Championships took place from December 4 – 11, 2010. The winners of the Group C tournament in Howwood, Scotland (Slovakia and Belarus) move on to the Group B tournament in Monthey. The top eight men's teams at the 2010 ECC represented their nations at the 2011 Ford World Men's Curling Championship in Regina, Saskatchewan, Canada.

A change in the system of play sees the C group games played as a qualifier and was held from September 24–28, 2010. Ranking from the 2009 European Curling Championships determined the group placings for the 2010 tournament.

Group A

Teams

**Skip:** Thomas Ulsrud
**Skip:** Andrey Drozdov
**Skip:** Hammy McMillan
**Skip:** Niklas Edin
**Skip:** Christof Schwaller

Standings

Key
CountrySkipWLPFPAEnds WonEnds LostBlank EndsStolen EndsShot Pct
Christof Schwaller725755333712678%
Thomas Ulsrud725837362618782%
Andy Kapp7261403928111078%
Rasmus Stjerne6353443731141275%
Hammy McMillan5449453528231180%
Niklas Edin545847363614682%
Jiří Snítil364854343513975%
Thomas Dufour363348243227473%
Andrey Drozdov184660333815369%
Rob Vilain182760223820370%

Results

Draw 1

Saturday, December 4, 12:00 |0|0|3|0|0|2|1|0|2|X||8 |0|1|0|1|0|0|0|1|0|X||3 |0|0|0|0|0|2|0|0|2|X||4 |0|0|0|0|0|0|1|0|0|X||1 |0|1|0|0|3|0|2|1|X|X||7 |0|0|0|1|0|0|0|0|X|X||1 |0|3|0|0|2|0|1|1|0|0||7 |2|0|1|2|0|0|0|0|1|2||8 |2|1|0|2|2|0|X|X|X|X||7 |0|0|1|0|0|1|X|X|X|X||2

Draw 2

Saturday, December 4, 20:00 | 0|1|0|0|1|1|0|0|1|2| |6 | 1|0|1|0|0|0|0|1|0|0| |3 | 0|2|0|0|0|1|0|1|1|X| |5 | 0|0|1|0|1|0|1|0|0|X| |3 | 1|0|0|0|1|0|3|0|1|0| |6 | 0|0|0|2|0|2|0|2|0|1| |7 | 0|0|2|0|0|0|0|3|0|X| |5 | 0|1|0|0|2|1|2|0|3|X| |9 | 0|1|0|2|0|1|0|2|1|X| |7 | 0|0|1|0|1|0|1|0|0|X| |3

Draw 3

Sunday, December 5, 16:00 | 0|0|1|0|1|0|0|2|0|2|2 |8 | 0|2|0|1|0|0|2|0|1|0|0 |6 | 0|0|2|1|0|2|0|1|0|1| |7 | 0|0|0|0|1|0|1|0|3|0| |5 | 0|1|0|1|0|0|1|0|2|0| |5 | 0|0|1|0|1|1|0|2|0|1| |6 | 0|0|0|2|0|0|1|0|0|0|0 |3 | 0|0|0|0|2|0|0|1|0|0|1 |4 | 0|1|2|0|0|0|2|0|1|0| |6 | 1|0|0|0|1|1|0|2|0|2| |7

Draw 4

Monday, December 6, 8:00 | 0|0|0|0|0|1|0|2|0|X| |3 | 1|0|3|1|0|0|1|0|1|X| |7 | 0|2|2|0|1|0|0|1|X|X| |6 | 0|0|0|0|0|1|0|0|X|X| |1 | 2|0|0|1|2|1|0|1|0|X| |7 | 0|2|0|0|0|0|1|0|1|X| |4 | 0|0|2|0|2|0|0|3|0|1| |8 | 2|0|0|2|0|1|1|0|1|0| |7 | 1|0|0|0|0|1|0|0|X|X| |2 | 0|3|0|0|1|0|3|1|X|X| |8

Draw 5

Monday, December 6th, 16:00 | 0|1|0|2|0|2|0|0|1|0| |6 | 2|0|3|0|1|0|2|0|0|1| |9 | 0|1|0|1|0|0|X|X|X|X| |2 | 3|0|2|0|1|2|X|X|X|X| |8 | 0|1|0|0|2|1|0|0|1|0| |5 | 1|0|1|3|0|0|1|0|0|1| |7 | 0|2|1|0|1|0|2|0|X|X| |6 | 0|0|0|0|0|1|0|1|X|X| |2 | 0|2|0|0|2|0|3|0|1|X| |8 | 0|0|2|1|0|1|0|2|0|X| |6

Draw 6

Tuesday, December 7, 10:00 | 0|0|0|0|0|0|1|0|1|X| |2 | 0|1|1|0|0|1|0|2|0|X| |5 | 0|1|1|0|0|1|0|X|X|X| |3 | 1|0|0|3|2|0|2|X|X|X| |8 | 0|1|0|0|2|0|1|0|0|X| |4 | 1|0|0|2|0|1|0|0|2|X| |6 | 0|0|0|0|0|0|2|0|0|X| |2 | 1|0|0|0|1|1|0|1|2|X| |6 | 0|0|0|1|0|1|0|0|X|X| |2 | 2|0|0|0|1|0|3|2|X|X| |8

Draw 7

Tuesday, December 7, 19:00 | 2|0|2|0|0|0|0|2|0|1| |7 | 0|3|0|0|0|0|2|0|4|0| |9 | 2|0|0|0|0|1|1|0|0|3| |7 | 0|0|2|0|1|0|0|2|0|0| |5 | 1|0|0|0|0|0|0|1|0|X| |2 | 0|0|1|2|0|1|0|0|1|X| |5 | 2|0|1|0|1|0|2|0|0|1| |7 | 0|2|0|2|0|1|0|0|1|0| |6 | 0|1|0|2|1|0|3|X|X|X| |7 | 0|0|1|0|0|0|0|X|X|X| |1

Draw 8

Wednesday, December 8, 16:00 | 0|0|0|1|0|0|0|1|2|0|1 |5 | 0|1|0|0|0|2|0|0|0|1|0 |4 | 0|0|1|0|0|0|1|X|X|X| |2 | 1|0|0|4|2|1|0|X|X|X| |8 | 1|0|0|2|1|0|1|0|0|1| |6 | 0|1|1|0|0|1|0|1|0|0| |4 | 0|1|0|0|0|0|1|0|0|2|0 |4 | 0|0|0|1|0|1|0|1|1|0|1 |5 | 1|0|0|0|1|0|0|1|1|0| |4 | 0|1|1|1|0|2|0|0|0|2| |7

Draw 9

Thursday, December 9th, 8:00 | 0|2|0|1|0|0|0|0|2|0| |5 | 1|0|1|0|2|0|2|1|0|1| |8 | 1|0|1|0|0|1|0|1|1|2| |7 | 0|2|0|0|2|0|1|0|0|0| |5 | 1|0|0|2|0|1|0|2|2|X| |8 | 0|0|1|0|0|0|2|0|0|X| |3 | 1|0|2|0|2|2|0|3|2|X| |12 | 0|1|0|2|0|0|2|0|0|X| |5 | 1|0|1|0|2|0|2|0|1|X| |7 | 0|2|0|2|0|1|0|3|0|X| |8

Tie-breaker 7/8 game

Thursday, December 9, 20:00 | 0|1|0|0|0|1|0|1|0|X| |3 | 2|0|1|2|0|0|2|0|1|X| |8

World Challenge

Challenge 1

Friday, December 10, 20:00 | 1|1|1|0|2|0|3|2|1|X| |11 | 0|0|0|3|0|2|0|0|0|X| |5

Challenge 2

Saturday, December 11, 09:30 | 1|0|2|0|0|0|3|0|1|0| |7 | 0|2|0|2|0|1|0|2|0|1| |8

Challenge 3

Saturday, December 11, 13:00 | 2|0|4|0|0|0|0|1|1|X| |8 | 0|2|0|1|1|0|0|0|0|X| |4

moves on to the 2011 World Men's Championships.

Playoffs

| RD1-seed1= 1 | RD1-team1= | RD1-score1= 4 | RD1-seed2= 2 | RD1-team2= **** | RD1-score2= 5 | RD1-seed3= 3 | RD1-team3= | RD1-score3= 5 | RD1-seed4= 4 | RD1-team4= **** | RD1-score4= 10 | RD2-seed1= 1 | RD2-team1= | RD2-score1= 7 | RD2-seed2= 4 | RD2-team2= **** | RD2-score2= 9 | RD3-seed1= 2 | RD3-team1= **** | RD3-score1= 5 | RD3-seed2= 4 | RD3-team2= | RD3-score2= 3 | RD1-seed1= 1 | RD1-team1= **** | RD1-score1= 7 | RD1-seed2= 3 | RD1-team2= | RD1-score2= 4

Page 1 vs. 2

Thursday, December 9, 20:00 | 0|0|2|0|0|0|0|0|2|0| |4 | 0|0|0|0|1|2|1|0|0|1| |5

| Urs Eichorn | 72% | Robert Hürlimann | 83% | Marco Ramstein | 86% | Christof Schwaller | 76% | Håvard Vad Petersson | 82% | Christoffer Svae | 71% | Torger Nergård | 78% | Thomas Ulsrud | 86%

Page 3 vs. 4

Thursday, December 9, 20:00 | 1|0|1|0|2|0|0|1|0|X| |5 | 0|1|0|1|0|1|2|0|5|X| |10

| Holger Höhne | 51% | Markus Messenzehl | 75% | Daniel Herberg | 66% | Andy Kapp | 61% | Troels Harry | 78% | Mikkel Poulsen | 89% | Mikkel Krause | 63% | Rasmus Stjerne | 82%

Semifinal

Friday, December 10, 16:00 | 0|0|2|0|1|0|2|0|2|0| |7 | 0|1|0|3|0|3|0|1|0|1| |9

| Urs Eichorn | 81% | Robert Hürlimann | 68% | Marco Ramstein | 70% | Christof Schwaller | 69% | Troels Harry | 88% | Mikkel Poulsen | 86% | Mikkel Krause | 75% | Rasmus Stjerne | 79%

Bronze-medal game

Saturday, December 11, 8:00 | 1|0|2|0|0|1|1|0|2|X| |7 | 0|1|0|2|0|0|0|1|0|X| |4

| Urs Eichorn | 74% | Robert Hürlimann | 80% | Marco Ramstein | 76% | Christof Schwaller | 86% | Andreas Kempf | 93% | Markus Messenzehl | 76% | Daniel Herberg | 74% | Andy Kapp | 66%

Gold-medal game

Saturday, December 11, 16:00 | 1|0|0|1|0|0|2|0|0|1| |5 | 0|0|1|0|0|1|0|0|1|0| |3

| Håvard Vad Petersson | 87% | Christoffer Svae | 84% | Torger Nergård | 88% | Thomas Ulsrud | 73% | Troels Harry | 81% | Mikkel Poulsen | 84% | Mikkel Krause | 74% | Rasmus Stjerne | 81%

Group B

Teams

Group B1

**Skip:** Kalle Kiiskinen
**Skip:** Robin Gray
**Skip:** Ritvars Gulbis
**Skip:** Adrian Meikle

Group B2

**Skip:** Gabor Riesz
**Skip:** Joël Retornaz
**Skip:** Sergio Vez Labrador
**Skip:** Pavol Pitonak

Standings

Key
CountrySkipWL
Ritvars Gulbis70
Robin Gray61
Kalle Kiiskinen52
Adrian Meikle43
Harald Fendt34
Dmitry Kirillov25
Mladen Domazetovic16
Lubomir Venilov07

Group B2

CountrySkipWL
Joël Retornaz70
Pavol Pitonak52
Mark Suter43
Sergio Vez Labrador43
Martin Lill34
Alan MacDougall34
Gabor Riesz25
Nikolaos Zacharias07

|}

Group B2
Rank 3
Rank 5

Results

Note: did not start any of their matches, resulting in an automatic walkover for each match.

Draw 1

Saturday, December 4, 8:00 | 0|5|2|1|0|0|0|3|0|0|0|11 | 2|0|0|0|2|1|1|0|3|2|3|14 |W |L | 1|0|3|0|1|2|0|1|0|X| |8 | 0|3|0|1|0|0|1|0|1|X| |6 | 2|0|0|2|0|0|0|1|0|X| |5 | 0|1|1|0|4|1|2|0|0|X| |9 | 0|0|0|2|0|0|2|2|0|0| |6 | 0|1|0|0|1|0|0|0|2|1| |5 | 0|0|0|0|0|1|X|X|X|X| |1 | 0|4|1|3|3|0|X|X|X|X| |11

Draw 2

Saturday, December 4, 16:00 | 3|0|1|0|3|2|1|X|X|X| |10 | 0|0|0|1|0|0|0|X|X|X| |1 | 2|0|1|0|3|0|0|1|0|1|0 |8 | 0|1|0|2|0|1|2|0|2|0|2 |10 | 0|4|0|3|0|3|0|2|X|X| |12 | 0|0|1|0|1|0|2|0|X|X| |4 | 0|0|1|0|0|0|1|1|0|0| |3 | 0|0|0|0|0|1|0|0|0|0| |1 |L |W | 1|0|1|0|1|2|0|0|0|X| |5 | 0|4|0|4|0|0|0|2|1|X| |11

Draw 3

Sunday, December 5, 8:00 |L |W | 3|1|0|1|3|0|4|0|3|x| |15 | 0|0|2|0|0|1|0|3|0|x| |6 | 1|2|0|3|0|2|0|0|3|x| |11 | 0|0|1|0|2|0|0|2|0|x| |5 | 0|0|1|0|1|0|1|0|0|x| |3 | 1|1|0|3|0|2|0|1|1|x| |9 | 1|0|3|0|3|0|2|4|0|x| |13 | 0|2|0|1|0|4|0|0|0|x| |7 | 1|0|1|0|0|0|2|0|x|x| |4 | 0|1|0|2|4|2|0|2|x|x| |11

Draw 4

Sunday, December 5, 16:00 | 0|0|0|2|2|0|0|1|0|1| |6 | 0|1|0|0|0|2|0|0|2|0| |5 | 0|0|2|0|0|0|2|0|2|0| |6 | 2|0|0|1|1|1|0|1|0|1| |7 | 5|0|2|0|1|2|X|X|X|X| |10 | 0|1|0|1|0|0|X|X|X|X| |2 | 0|1|2|0|0|0|X|X|X|X| |3 | 3|0|0|2|4|2|X|X|X|X| |11 | 0|0|1|0|0|1|0|1|X|X| |3 | 2|3|0|1|2|0|2|0|X|X| |10 | 0|0|1|1|0|0|0|0|0|X| |2 | 2|0|0|0|0|1|1|1|0|X| |5

Draw 5

Monday, December 6, 8:00 | 2|0|1|0|1|0|2|0|1|0| |7 | 0|1|0|1|0|1|0|3|0|2| |8 | 1|0|2|0|2|0|1|0|2|X| |8 | 0|1|0|2|0|1|0|1|0|X| |5 | 0|0|1|1|0|0|0|X|X|X| |2 | 3|1|0|0|3|1|3|X|X|X| |11 |W |L | 0|0|0|1|1|0|0|1|1|X| |4 | 1|0|0|0|0|0|1|0|0|X| |2 | 0|2|0|2|0|0|1|0|1|2|0 |8 | 2|0|1|0|1|2|0|2|0|0|1 |9

Draw 6

Monday, December 6, 16:00 | 1|0|0|2|0|1|0|1|0|2| |7 | 0|0|1|0|1|0|0|0|3|0| |5 | 0|2|0|2|0|1|1|1|0|1| |8 | 1|0|1|0|3|0|0|0|1|0| |6 | 0|3|1|0|2|1|0|1|0|X| |8 | 2|0|0|2|0|0|0|0|1|X| |5 | 0|1|0|1|1|0|2|0|1|X| |6 | 0|0|1|0|0|1|0|0|0|X| |2 | 0|0|0|1|0|2|0|1|X|X| |4 | 1|2|2|0|2|0|2|0|X|X| |9 |L |W

Draw 7

Tuesday, December 7, 8:00 | 0|0|0|0|0|1|X|X|X|X| |1 | 4|3|2|2|1|0|X|X|X|X| |12 | 0|1|2|2|0|0|0|1|1|0|0 |7 | 2|0|0|0|2|1|0|0|0|2|1 |8 | 1|0|0|2|0|1|0|0|X|X| |4 | 0|2|1|0|2|0|2|2|X|X| |9 | 1|0|2|0|0|0|0|1|0|0| |4 | 0|1|0|2|1|0|1|0|1|1| |7 | 0|1|0|0|0|1|1|1|0|0|1 |5 | 1|0|1|0|1|0|0|0|0|1|0 |4 | 2|2|1|0|3|2|1|X|X|X| |11 | 0|0|0|1|0|0|0|X|X|X| |1

Draw 8

Tuesday, December 7, 16:00 | 1|1|0|0|2|0|1|0|1|X| |6 | 0|0|5|2|0|2|0|1|0|X| |10 | 4|2|0|2|1|0|0|2|X|X| |11 | 0|0|1|0|0|1|1|0|X|X| |3 |W |L | 0|0|0|0|2|0|X|X|X|X| |2 | 4|2|3|1|0|4|X|X|X|X| |14 | 1|0|1|0|2|0|0|1|0|X| |5 | 0|2|0|2|0|0|3|0|2|X| |9 | 0|0|2|0|2|0|0|2|2|X| |8 | 0|1|0|1|0|1|1|0|0|X| |4

Draw 9

Wednesday, December 8, 8:00 | 0|2|0|1|0|1|1|0|0|3| |8 | 0|0|2|0|1|0|0|1|1|0| |5 | 1|0|2|3|0|0|1|0|0|X| |7 | 0|2|0|0|0|0|0|3|1|X| |6 | 0|1|0|0|2|1|0|0|2|0| |6 | 2|0|1|1|0|0|2|0|0|4| |10 | 1|0|0|1|0|2|0|2|0|1| |7 | 0|0|1|0|1|0|1|0|1|0| |4

Draw 10

Wednesday, December 8, 16:00 | 0|3|2|1|3|0|3|X|X|X| |12 | 1|0|0|0|0|2|0|X|X|X| |3 |L |W | 0|2|1|2|0|3|X|X|X|X| |8 | 0|0|0|0|0|0|X|X|X|X| |0 | 0|1|0|0|0|0|X|X|X|X| |1 | 1|0|3|4|3|1|X|X|X|X| |12

Playoffs

| seed-width=30

| RD1-seed1=B1-1 | RD1-team1=**** | RD1-score1= 9 | RD1-seed2=B2-1 | RD1-team2= | RD1-score2= 5 | RD1-seed3=B1-2 | RD1-team3=**** | RD1-score3= 8 | RD1-seed4=B2-2 | RD1-team4= | RD1-score4= 2 | RD2-seed1=B2-1 | RD2-team1=**** | RD2-score1= 6 | RD2-seed2=B1-2 | RD2-team2= | RD2-score2= 5 | RD3-seed1=B1-1 | RD3-team1= | RD3-score1=7 | RD3-seed2=B2-1 | RD3-team2=**** | RD3-score2=10 | seed-width=30 | RD1-seed1= B1-2 | RD1-team1= **** | RD1-score1= 9 | RD1-seed2= B2-2 | RD1-team2= | RD1-score2= 2

Page 1 vs. 1

Thursday, December 9, 18:30 | 2|0|2|0|1|0|0|0|0|X| |5 | 0|2|0|2|0|1|3|0|1|X| |9

Page 2 vs. 2

Thursday, December 9, 18:30 | 0|0|1|3|0|2|0|2|X|X| |8 | 0|1|0|0|1|0|0|0|X|X| |2

Semifinal

Friday, December 10, 8:00 | 0|1|0|1|0|0|0|2|1|0|0 |5 | 1|0|1|0|0|1|1|0|0|1|1 |6

Bronze-medal game

Saturday, December 11, 9:30 | 1|3|1|1|1|0|0|2|X|X| |9 | 0|0|0|0|0|1|1|0|X|X| |2

Gold-medal game

Friday, December 10, 13:00 | 2|2|0|2|0|1|0|0|0|0|0 |7 | 0|0|1|0|1|0|1|1|2|1|3 |10

Group C

Teams

**Skip:** Marko Stojanovic
**Skip:** Pavol Pitonak
**Skip:** İlhan Osmanağaoğlu

Standings

Key
NationSkipWinLoss
Dmitry Kirillov51
Pavol Pitonak51
Jens Kristinn Gislason42
Tadas Vysukupaitis33
Marko Stojanovic24
Marco Etienne15
Ihlan Osmanagaoglu15

Results

Round 1

Friday, 24 September, 21:00 |5|0|2|0|4|1|X|X|X|X| |12 |0|1|0|1|0|0|X|X|X|X| |2 |1|2|2|0|1|0|1|1|X|X| |8 |0|0|0|1|0|1|0|0|X|X| |2 |1|0|3|0|1|0|0|1|1|0| |7 |0|2|0|1|0|2|2|0|0|1| |8

  • receives bye this round.*

Round 2

Saturday, 25 September, 12:00 |0|1|0|2|0|0|1|0|2|2| |8 |1|0|1|0|1|1|0|2|0|0| |6 |0|1|1|0|2|0|2|0|1|1| |8 |1|0|0|1|0|1|0|1|0|0| |4 |0|1|0|0|1|0|0|2|2|0| |6 |1|0|0|1|0|1|1|0|0|1| |5

  • receives bye this round.*

Round 3

Saturday, 25 September, 19:00 |0|0|0|0|0|1|X|X|X|X| |1 |3|2|1|3|2|0|X|X|X|X| |11 |1|0|1|0|0|0|2|1|1|1| |7 |0|1|0|3|3|1|0|0|0|0| |8 |1|0|0|0|0|0|0|2|1|1| |5 |0|1|1|1|1|0|2|0|0|0| |6

  • receives bye this round.*

Round 4

Sunday, 26 September, 10:00 |0|0|2|1|0|1|1|1|0|X| |6 |1|1|0|0|1|0|0|0|2|X| |5 |1|1|0|0|0|1|0|2|0|X| |5 |0|0|2|1|1|0|2|0|2|X| |8 |0|0|1|0|4|0|1|0|2|1|0|9 |4|1|0|1|0|1|0|2|0|0|1|10

  • receives bye this round.*

Round 5

Sunday, 26 September, 15:00 |5|0|1|1|0|0|0|1|0|2| |10 |0|3|0|0|1|2|1|0|2|0| |9 |0|1|0|0|1|0|X|X|X|X| |2 |2|0|2|3|0|4|X|X|X|X| |11 |1|0|0|1|0|0|2|3|0|0| |7 |0|3|1|0|1|1|0|0|2|1| |9

  • receives bye this round.*

Round 6

Monday, 27 September, 18:00 |0|1|2|1|0|1|0|1|1|0|0|7 |1|0|0|0|1|0|2|0|0|3|1|8 |1|1|0|3|0|1|0|3|X|X| |9 |0|0|1|0|1|0|1|0|X|X| |3 |0|0|1|1|0|3|1|3|2|X| |11 |2|1|0|0|2|0|0|0|0|X| |5

  • receives bye this round.*

Round 7

Monday, 27 September, 18:00 |0|2|0|0|0|2|2|1|1|X| |8 |2|0|1|1|1|0|0|0|0|X| |5 |1|0|0|0|0|2|0|1|1|0| |5 |0|0|0|4|0|0|0|0|0|3| |7 |1|0|1|0|2|0|3|0|0|0| |7 |0|2|0|1|0|2|0|0|1|2| |8

  • receives bye this round.*

Final

Tuesday, 28 September, 18:00 |1|1|1|2|0|2|1|2|X|X| |10 |0|0|0|0|1|0|0|0|X|X| |1

**** and **** advance to the Group B competition in Monthey.

References

References

  1. "Playing System for European Curling Championships from 2010 in Champery".
  2. "2009 ECC Final Rankings".
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