2003 Bingöl earthquake

Tectonic setting

Most of Turkey lies on the Anatolian Plate, which is being forced westwards by the collision between the Arabian plate and the Eurasian plate. This westward movement is accommodated by two large strike-slip fault zones, the west–east trending right lateral North Anatolian Fault in the north of the country and the SW-NE trending left lateral East Anatolian Fault towards the south-east. Movement on these two faults have been responsible for many large and damaging earthquakes historically.

Earthquake

The earthquake occurred on May 1, 2003, with a depth of 15 km (9.3 mi). It was a strike-slip event, lasting about 17 seconds with a magnitude of 6.4. It occurred at 3:27 am local time. The strike-slip fault responsible was not the East Anatolian Fault; it ruptured a right-lateral strike-slip fault perpendicular to the East Anatolian Fault.

Numerous seismically induced ground deformations, displacements and ruptures were observed in the epicentral area. According to these observations, a few surface ruptures were located between the villages of Hanoçayırı and Sudüğünü, with a vertical drop of 40-65 cm observed at a nearby field. By 8 May, there were over 6,700 aftershocks, including 1,962 on the day of the mainshock.

Damage

The earthquake damaged hundreds of buildings made of reinforced concrete and masonry. Many school buildings constructed within the last six years were heavily damaged. A total of 177 people were killed; A total 8,417 houses being damaged, of which 305 collapsed, 3,000 heavily damaged, 2,566 moderately damaged, and 2,546 slightly damaged. In the city of Bingöl, 6,570 buildings were damaged, 570 of them seriously, including 90% of schools, four of which collapsed; the school where the dormitory block collapsed was a 5-story building. Three hospitals in the city were also damaged. The majority of destroyed or seriously damaged buildings were constructed using unreinforced concrete, which are prone to collapsing in strong tremors.

International search and rescue response

Offers of Assistance

Greece offered search and rescue assistance, but the Turkish government declined, citing that the scale of destruction was manageable with national resources. Turkey did not request or accept foreign SAR teams for the emergency phase.

International Readiness

Teams from Austria, Britain, Germany, Greece, Italy, France, Norway, and other countries were on standby and available, but their assistance was not requested by Turkey.

International red cross and red crescent

The International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies (IFRC) sent a psychosocial delegate and a professional to support the Turkish Red Crescent’s psychosocial team. The American Red Cross contributed 14,000 kitchen utensils for victims.

Financial and Material Support

The IFRC called for member donations of 2,384,000 Swiss francs (about US$1.77 million) to assist emergency relief operations in Bingöl.

References

References

1. (May 4, 2003). "Quake headteacher speaks of ordeal". BBC News.
2. "M 6.7 – 13 km N of Doganyol, Turkey".
3. "ISC-GEM Catalogue – Introduction".
4. (May 7, 2003). "Turkey: Earthquake in Bingol Province". International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies.
5. (2004). "Implications of the 2003 Bingöl Earthquake for the Interaction between the North and East Anatolian Faults". Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America.
6. [[Kandilli Observatory]]. "May 1, 2003 Bingöl (Turkey) Earthquake". [[European-Mediterranean Seismological Centre]].
7. (June 2004). "May 1, 2003 Turkey—Bingöl earthquake: damage in reinforced concrete structures". Engineering Failure Analysis.
8. (May 4, 2003). "Quake headteacher speaks of ordeal". BBC News.
9. (2003). "Preliminary Emergency Management and Organizational Response Observations".
10. ISC. (2015). "ISC-GEM Global Instrumental Earthquake Catalogue (1900–2009)". [[International Seismological Centre]].
11. (September 4, 2009). "PAGER-CAT Earthquake Catalog". United States Geological Survey.
12. "M6.4 – eastern Turkey". United States Geological Survey.