1930 in the United States

::Charles Evans Hughes (New York) (starting February 13) - Speaker of the House of Representatives: Nicholas Longworth (R-Ohio) - Senate Majority Leader: James Eli Watson (R-Indiana) - Congress: [71st](71st-united-states-congress) #### State governments ::data[format=table] | Governors and lieutenant governors | |---| | | :: ## Demographics *Main article: [1930 United States census](1930-united-states-census)* ## Events ### January–March - January 6 - The first diesel engine automobile trip is completed (Indianapolis, Indiana, to New York City). - The first literary character licensing agreement is signed by English author A. A. Milne, granting Stephen Slesinger U.S. and Canadian merchandising rights to the Winnie-the-Pooh works. - January 13 – The *Mickey Mouse* comic strip makes its first appearance. - January 19–23 – Watsonville riots: violent assaults on Filipino American farm workers by white residents in California. - February 18 - Elm Farm Ollie becomes the first cow to fly in an airplane, and also the first cow to be milked in an airplane. - While studying photographs taken in January, Clyde Tombaugh confirms the existence of Pluto, a heavenly body considered a planet until 2006, when officially redefined as a dwarf planet. - March 6 – The first frozen foods of Clarence Birdseye go on sale in Springfield, Massachusetts. - March 17 – The Empire State Building begins construction in New York City. - March 20 – Colonel Sanders opens the first Kentucky Fried Chicken in North Corbin, Kentucky. - March 31 – The Motion Pictures Production Code is instituted, imposing strict guidelines on the treatment of sex, crime, religion and violence in motion pictures for the next 40 years. ### April–June ::figure[src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/3b/Chrysler_building-_top.jpg" caption="May 27: [[Chrysler Building]] completed"] :: - April 3 – The [2nd Academy Awards](2nd-academy-awards), hosted by William C. DeMille, are presented at the Ambassador Hotel (Los Angeles), with Harry Beaumont's *The Broadway Melody* winning the Academy Award for Best Picture. Irving Cummings and Raoul Walsh's *In Old Arizona* and Ernst Lubitsch's *The Patriot* jointly receive the most nominations with five. - April 6 – Jimmy Dewar invents Hostess Twinkies (snack cakes). - April 19 – Warner Bros. in the United States release their first cartoon series, called *Looney Tunes*, which runs until [1969](1969). - April 21 – A fire in the Ohio Penitentiary near Columbus kills 320 people. - April 22 – The United States, United Kingdom and Japan sign the London Naval Treaty regulating submarine warfare and limiting shipbuilding. - April 28 – The first night game in organized baseball history takes place in Independence, Kansas. - May 10 – The National Pan-Hellenic Council is founded in Washington, D.C. - May 14 – Carlsbad Caverns National Park is established in New Mexico. - May 15 – Ellen Church becomes the first airline stewardess, aboard a Boeing tri-motor flying from Oakland, California, to Chicago, Illinois. - May 27 – The Chrysler Building is completed in New York City, becoming the world's first man-made structure taller than 1000. - May 30 - Film director Sergei Eisenstein arrives in Hollywood to work for Paramount Pictures; they part ways by October. - Shedd Aquarium, one of the first inland aquariums in the world, opens in Chicago. - June 9 – *Chicago Tribune* journalist Jake Lingle is shot in Chicago. Newspapers promise $55,000 reward for information. Lingle is later found to have had contacts with organized crime. - June 14 – An act of Congress establishes the Federal Bureau of Narcotics as a replacement for the Narcotics Division of the Prohibition Unit. - June 17 – U.S. President Herbert Hoover signs the Smoot-Hawley Tariff Act into law. ### July–September - July 4 – Nation of Islam founded by Wallace Fard Muhammad in Detroit. - July 21 – The United States Department of Veterans Affairs is established. - July 26 – Charles Creighton and James Hargis leave New York City for Los Angeles on a roundtrip journey, driving 11,555 km using only a reverse gear; the trip lasts the next 42 days. - July 30 – New York City television station W2XBS is put in charge of NBC broadcast engineers. - July 31 – The radio drama *The Shadow* airs for the first time. - August 6 – Judge Joseph Force Crater steps into a taxi in New York City and disappears. - August 7 – Lynching of Thomas Shipp and Abram Smith in Marion, Indiana. They are hanged; James Cameron survives. This will be the last recorded lynching of African Americans in the Northern United States. - August 9 – Cartoon character Betty Boop premieres in the animated film *Dizzy Dishes*. - September 8 – [3M](3m) introduces Scotch Tape. - September 9 – Governor of Louisiana Huey P. Long wins the [1930 Democratic Senate primary election in Louisiana](1930-united-states-senate-election-in-louisiana), he would later win the Senate election. ### October–December - October 8 - The Philadelphia Athletics defeat the St. Louis Cardinals, 4 games to 2, to win their 5th World Series Title. - November 4 - W9XAP in Chicago, Illinois, broadcasts the U.S. senatorial election returns, the first time a senatorial race, with non-stop vote tallies, is televised. - Benjamin M. Miller is [elected](1930-alabama-gubernatorial-election) the 39th governor of Alabama defeating Hugh A. Locke. - November 5 – The [3rd Academy Awards](3rd-academy-awards), hosted by Conrad Nagel, are presented at the Ambassador Hotel (Los Angeles). Lewis Milestone's *All Quiet on the Western Front* wins the Academy Award for Best Picture, with Milestone winning Best Director. The film and George Hill's *The Big House* both receive the most awards with two, while Ernst Lubitsch's *The Love Parade* receives the most nominations with six. - November 15 – Jean Harlow has her first major film role, in Howard Hughes' epic war film *Hell's Angels*. Her platinum hair and sensual persona cause an immediate sensation, turning her into one of the decade's most iconic and discussed film stars. - December 2 – Great Depression: U.S. President Herbert Hoover goes before Congress and asks for a US$150 million public works program to help generate jobs and stimulate the economy. - December 7 – W1XAV in Boston, Massachusetts, broadcasts video from the CBS radio orchestra program, *The Fox Trappers*. The broadcast also includes the first television commercial in the United States, an advertisement for I. J. Fox Furriers, who sponsored the radio show. ### Undated - A Jamaican ginger ("Jake") paralysis outbreak occurs across the South and Midwest. - 1930–1931 – Crazy Horse’s lifelong friend, He Dog, is interviewed by journalist Eleanor Hinman and Nebraska writer Mari Sandoz. - A record drought in the eastern part of the nation sees Upper Tract, West Virginia record only 9.50 in of precipitation for the year – the record lowest for a calendar year in the US east of the Mississippi. Averaged over the contiguous US the twelve months from July 1930 to June 1931 remains the driest such period on record. ### Ongoing - Lochner era (c. 1897 – c. 1937) - U.S. occupation of Haiti (1915–1934) - Prohibition (1920–1933) - Great Depression (1929–1933) - Dust Bowl (1930–1936) ## Births ### January ::figure[src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6e/Robert_Loggia.jpg" caption="[[Robert Loggia"] :: ::figure[src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9e/Alfred_Hitchcock's_Marnie_Trailer_-_Tippi_Hedren.jpg" caption="[[Tippi Hedren"] :: ::figure[src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/dc/Buzz_Aldrin.jpg" caption="[[Buzz Aldrin"] :: ::figure[src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c4/GeneHackmanJun2108.jpg" caption="[[Gene Hackman"] :: - January 1 – Ty Hardin, actor (d. [2017](2017-in-the-united-states)) - January 2 – Julius La Rosa, pop singer (d. [2016](2016-in-the-united-states)) - January 3 - Ray Barra, ballet dancer and choreographer (d. [2025](2025-in-the-united-states)) - Robert Loggia, actor (d. [2015](2015-in-the-united-states)) - Barbara Stuart, actress (d. [2011](2011-in-the-united-states)) - January 4 - Sorrell Booke, actor (d. [1994](1994-in-the-united-states)) - Don Shula, American football player and coach (d. [2020](2020-in-the-united-states)) - January 5 - Edward Givens, United States Air Force officer, test pilot and NASA astronaut (d. [1967](1967-in-the-united-states)) - Don Rondo, singer (d. [2011](2011-in-the-united-states)) - January 6 - W. Wallace Cleland, biochemist and educator (d. [2013](2013-in-the-united-states)) - Professor Tanaka, wrestler and actor (d. [2000](2000-in-the-united-states)) - Vic Tayback, actor (*Alice*) (d. [1990](1990-in-the-united-states)) - January 7 - Ann Bedsole, politician (d. [2025](2025-in-the-united-states)) - Jack Greene, country music singer-songwriter (d. [2013](2013-in-the-united-states)) - Eddie LeBaron, American football player, manager and sportscaster (d. [2015](2015-in-the-united-states)) - January 8 - Dorothi Fox, actress - Bill James (politician), politician (d. [2022](2022-in-the-united-states)) - Doreen Wilber, archer (d. [2008](2008-in-the-united-states)) - January 10 – Roy E. Disney, film and television executive (d. [2009](2009-in-the-united-states)) - January 12 – Glenn Yarbrough, singer (d. [2016](2016-in-the-united-states)) - January 13 – Frances Sternhagen, actress (d. [2023](2023-in-the-united-states)) - January 14 – C. Arlen Beam, judge - January 15 - James Millstone, journalist and editor (d. [1992](1992-in-the-united-states)) - Margaret Mary Vojtko, linguist (d. [2013](2013-in-the-united-states)) - January 16 – Mary Ann McMorrow, judge (d. [2013](2013-in-the-united-states)) - January 17 - Dick Contino, American accordionist (d. [2017](2017-in-the-united-states)) - Lucille Miller, American murderer (d. [1986](1986-in-the-united-states)) - January 18 – James M. Bobbitt, chemist and professor (d. [2021](2021-in-the-united-states)) - January 19 – Tippi Hedren, actress - January 20 – Buzz Aldrin, astronaut, Lunar Module Pilot on Apollo 11 and second person to walk on the Moon - January 22 – David Rosen, businessman (d. [2025](2025-in-the-united-states)) - January 23 - William R. Pogue, astronaut (d. [2014](2014-in-the-united-states)) - Benjamin Tatar, actor (d. [2012](2012-in-the-united-states)) - January 24 - Edward Diego Reyes, politician (d. [2018](2018-in-the-united-states)) - Rita Lakin, screenwriter (d. [2023](2023-in-the-united-states)) - John Romita Sr., comic book artist (d. [2023](2023-in-the-united-states)) - January 25 – Ruth Kligman, artist (d. [2010](2010-in-the-united-states)) - January 26 – Thomas Gumbleton, Roman Catholic prelate (d. [2024](2024-in-the-united-states)) - January 27 – Bobby Bland, African-American singer (d. [2013](2013-in-the-united-states)) - January 28 - Ruth Cohen (actress), actress (d. [2008](2008-in-the-united-states)) - Ralph Engelstad, businessman (d. [2002](2002-in-the-united-states)) - January 30 - Gene Hackman, actor and novelist (d. [2025](2025-in-the-united-states)) - Frank O'Bannon, politician, 47th governor of Indiana (d. [2003](2003-in-the-united-states)) - January 31 – Al De Lory, record producer, arranger, musician (d. [2012](2012)) ### February ::figure[src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/2e/Robert_Wagner_1967.JPG" caption="[[Robert Wagner"] :: ::figure[src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/da/Joanne_Woodward_1971.jpg" caption="[[Joanne Woodward"] :: ::figure[src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c0/Nobel_Laureate_Leon_Cooper_in_2007.jpg" caption="[[Leon Cooper"] :: - February 2 - Ruth M. Kirk, politician (d. [2011](2011-in-the-united-states)) - C. M. Newton, basketball player, coach and administrator (d. [2018](2018-in-the-united-states)) - February 3 – David Edward Foley, Roman Catholic prelate (d. [2018](2018-in-the-united-states)) - February 4 – Jim Loscutoff, basketball player (d. [2015](2015-in-the-united-states)) - February 5 – Don Goldie, American jazz trumpeter (d. [1995](1995-in-the-united-states)) - February 7 – Jack Biddle, politician d. [2022](2022-in-the-united-states)) - February 8 - Jim Dooley, American football player and coach (d. [2008](2008-in-the-united-states)) - Arlan Stangeland, American farmer and politician (d. [2013](2013-in-the-united-states)) - February 10 - Anne Wexler, American political consultant and public policy advisor (d. [2009](2009-in-the-united-states)) - Robert Wagner, American actor - February 11 – James Polshek, American architect (d. [2022](2022-in-the-united-states)) - February 12 - Bert Clark, American football player and coach (d. [2004](2004-in-the-united-states)) - Arlen Specter, American politician (d. [2012](2012-in-the-united-states)) - February 13 – Frank Buxton, American actor, television writer, director and author (d. 2018) - February 14 – Bernie Papy Jr., American politician (d. [1995](1995-in-the-united-states)) - February 15 - Sara Jane Moore, attempted assassin of President Gerald Ford (d. [2025](2025-in-the-united-states)) - Robert Edward Mulvee, Roman Catholic Prelate (d. [2018](2018-in-the-united-states)) - February 16 - Ricou Browning, stuntman and film director (d. [2023](2023-in-the-united-states)) - Noah Weinberg, American-born Israeli rabbi, founder of Aish HaTorah (d. [2009 in Israel](2009-in-israel)) - February 17 – Roger Craig, American baseball player, coach and manager (d. [2023](2023-in-the-united-states)) - February 18 – Pauline Bart, American sociologist (d. [2021](2021-in-the-united-states)) - February 19 – John Frankenheimer, American film director (d. [2002](2002)) - February 22 - James McGarrell, American painter (d. [2020](2020)) - Marni Nixon, American vocalist (d. [2016](2016-in-the-united-states)) - February 24 - Joan Diener, American theater actress and singer (d. [2006](2006-in-the-united-states)) - Barbara Jo Lawrence, American actress and model (d. [2013](2013-in-the-united-states)) - Anita Steckel, American feminist artist (d. 2012) - February 25 - Roger A. Madigan, American politician (d. [2018](2018-in-the-united-states)) - Delford M. Smith, American aviator (d. [2014](2014-in-the-united-states)) - February 26 – Robert Francis, American actor (d. [1955](1955)) - February 27 - Barney Glaser, American sociologist (d. [2022](2022-in-the-united-states)) - Peter Stone, American writer (d. [2003](2003)) - Joanne Woodward, American actress - February 28 – Leon Cooper, American physicist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. [2024](2024-in-the-united-states)) ### March ::figure[src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5d/Jim_Irwin_Apollo_15_LMP.jpg" caption="[[James Irwin"] :: ::figure[src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a9/Steve_McQueen_1959.jpg" caption="[[Steve McQueen"] :: - March 2 - John Cullum, actor and singer - Tom Wolfe, author, journalist (d. [2018](2018-in-the-united-states)) - March 5 – Del Crandall, baseball player and manager (d. [2021](2021-in-the-united-states)) - March 6 – Allison Hayes, actress (d. [1977](1977-in-the-united-states)) - March 9 – Ornette Coleman, jazz saxophonist (d. [2015](2015-in-the-united-states)) - March 16 - Olen Lovell Burrage, American native businessman (d. [2013](2013-in-the-united-states)) - Hobie Landrith, baseball player (d. [2023](2023-in-the-united-states)) - March 17 – James Irwin, astronaut (d. [1991](1991-in-the-united-states)) - March 18 – Adam Maida, Roman Catholic prelate - March 19 - Wayne Fitzgerald, film title designer (d. [2019](2019)) - Richard Wald, American television executive (d. [2022](2022-in-the-united-states)) - March 21 – James Coco, American actor (d. [1987](1987)) - March 22 - Derek Bok, American lawyer and academic - Pat Robertson, American televangelist, motivational speaker, author and television host (d. [2023](2023-in-the-united-states)) - Stephen Sondheim, American composer, lyricist (d. [2021](2021)) - Willie Thrower, American football player (d. [2002](2002-in-the-united-states)) - March 24 – Steve McQueen, American actor (d. [1980](1980)) - March 25 - John Keel, American journalist, urologist (d. [2009](2009-in-the-united-states)) - Russell Sherman, American pianist (d. [2023](2023-in-the-united-states)) - March 26 – Sandra Day O'Connor, American politician, Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States(d. [2023](2023-in-the-united-states)) - March 27 – James Tayoun, American politician (d. [2017](2017-in-the-united-states)) - March 28 - Robert Ashley, American composer (d. [2014](2014)) - Jerome Isaac Friedman, physicist, Nobel Prize laureate - Joe Fortunato, American football player (d. [2017](2017-in-the-united-states)) - March 30 – John Astin, actor - March 31 – Susan Weil, artist ### April ::figure[src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/48/Dick_Sargent_headshot.jpg" caption="[[Dick Sargent"] :: ::figure[src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6d/Carolyn_Jones_1956.jpg" caption="[[Carolyn Jones"] :: - April 1 - Betsy Jones-Moreland, actress (d. [2006](2006-in-the-united-states)) - Grace Lee Whitney, actress (*Star Trek*) (d. [2015](2015-in-the-united-states)) - April 3 – Lawton Chiles, politician (d. [1998](1998-in-the-united-states)) - April 5 – Mary Costa, American opera singer and actress - April 9 – Jim Fowler, zoologist (d. [2019](2019-in-the-united-states)) - April 10 - Dolores Huerta, labor leader and activist - Frank Lary, baseball player (d. [2017](2017-in-the-united-states)) - April 11 - Nicholas F. Brady, politician - Anton LaVey, Satanist (d. [1997](1997-in-the-united-states)) - April 14 - Bradford Dillman, actor and author (d. [2018](2018)) - Arnold Burns, lawyer (d. [2013](2013)) - Jay Robinson, actor (d. [2013](2013)) - William vanden Heuvel, lawyer and diplomat (b. [2021](2021-in-the-united-states)) - April 19 - Curtis Roosevelt, writer (d. [2016](2016-in-the-united-states)) - Dick Sargent, actor and gay activist (d. [1994](1994)) - April 21 – Donald J. Tyson, businessman (d. [2011](2011-in-the-united-states)) - April 23 – Alan Oppenheimer, actor - April 24 - Richard Donner, film director and producer (d. [2021](2021-in-the-united-states)) - Conn Findlay, rower, Olympic champion (d. [2021](2021-in-the-united-states)) - April 28 - James Baker, United States Secretary of State - Carolyn Jones, actress (d. [1983](1983-in-the-united-states)) - Richard C. Sarafian, film-television director, writer and actor (d. [2013](2013-in-the-united-states)) - April 29 – Irv Weinstein, broadcaster, television news anchor (d. [2017](2017-in-the-united-states)) ### May ::figure[src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5e/Mike_Gravel_cropped.png" caption="[[Mike Gravel"] :: ::figure[src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e1/Harvey_Milk_at_Gay_Pride_San_Jose,_June_1978_(cropped).jpg" caption="[[Harvey Milk"] :: ::figure[src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/7e/Clint_Eastwood_at_2010_New_York_Film_Festival.jpg" caption="[[Clint Eastwood"] :: - May 1 - Ethel Ayler, American actress (d. [2018](2018-in-the-united-states)) - Ollie Matson, American sprinter (d. [2011](2011-in-the-united-states)) - Richard Riordan, American politician, 39th Mayor of Los Angeles (d. [2023](2023-in-the-united-states)) - Little Walter, African-American blues singer-songwriter and musician (d. [1968](1968-in-the-united-states)) - May 3 - Bob Havens, American musician - Edward Nixon, American entrepreneur (d. [2019](2019-in-the-united-states)) - May 4 - Lois de Banzie, UK-born American actress (d. [2021](2021-in-the-united-states)) - Katherine Jackson, Jackson Family matriarch - Roberta Peters, American soprano (d. [2017](2017-in-the-united-states)) - May 5 - Michael J. Adams, aviator, aeronautical engineer and astronaut (d. [1967](1967)) - Douglas Turner Ward, playwright, actor and director (d. [2021](2021)) - May 6 - George Tarasovic, American football player (d. [2019](2019)) - David Carpenter, serial killer - May 7 – Babe Parilli, American football player (d. [2017](2017-in-the-united-states)) - May 8 – Gary Snyder, poet, essayist and translator - May 10 - Adam Darius, dancer and choreographer (d. [2017](2017)) - George E. Smith, physicist, engineer and Nobel Prize laureate - Pat Summerall, American football player, broadcaster (d. [2013](2013)) - May 11 - Bud Ekins, stuntman (d. [2007](2007-in-the-united-states)) - William Honan, journalist and author (d. [2014](2014-in-the-united-states)) - May 12 – Tom Umphlett, baseball player and manager (d. [2012](2012-in-the-united-states)) - May 13 – Mike Gravel, politician (d. [2021](2021-in-the-united-states)) - May 15 - Cotton Ivy, author and politician (d. 2021) - Jasper Johns, painter - May 16 – Carolyn Conwell, actress (d. [2012](2012-in-the-united-states)) - May 17 – Frank Price, film studio head and television writer (d. [2025](2025-in-the-united-states)) - May 18 – Don L. Lind, naval aviator, astronaut and scientist (d. [2022](2022-in-the-united-states)) - May 19 – Lorraine Hansberry, African-American playwright (d. [1965](1965)) - May 22 - Harvey Milk, politician, San Francisco gay rights activist (d. [1978](1978-in-the-united-states)) - Tiny Topsy, African-American rhythm and blues singer (d. [1964](1964-in-the-united-states)) - May 23 – Charles Kelman, ophthalmologist (d. [2004](2004-in-the-united-states)) - May 27 - John Barth, fiction writer (d. [2024](2024-in-the-united-states)) - Bruce Halle, American businessman (d. 2018) - William S. Sessions, American civil servant and judge (d. [2020](2020-in-the-united-states)) - May 28 – Frank Drake, radio astronomer, pioneer in SETI (d. [2022](2022-in-the-united-states)) - May 29 – Gerry Lenfest, lawyer, media executive and philanthropist (d. 2018) - May 30 - Clint Eastwood, actor, filmmaker, musician and political figure - Morton L. Janklow, literary agent (d. [2022](2022-in-the-united-states)) ### June ::figure[src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c8/Conrad-c.jpg" caption="[[Pete Conrad"] :: ::figure[src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/cf/Jim_Nabors_1968.JPG" caption="[[Jim Nabors"] :: ::figure[src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b7/Ross_Perot_in_his_office_Allan_Warren_(cropped).jpg" caption="[[Ross Perot"] :: - June 1 - Pat Corley, actor (d. [2006](2006-in-the-united-states)) - Richard Levins, ecologist and geneticist (d. [2016](2016-in-the-united-states)) - June 2 - Pete Conrad, astronaut (d. [1999](1999-in-the-united-states)) - Bob Lillis, baseball player, coach and manager - Stewart and Cyril Marcus, gynecologists (d. [1975](1975-in-the-united-states)) - June 3 – Marion Zimmer Bradley, writer (d. [1999](1999-in-the-united-states)) - June 4 - Morgana King, jazz singer and actress (d. [2018](2018-in-the-united-states)) - Paul Pressler, politician and judge (d. [2024](2024-in-the-united-states)) - June 8 – Richard Paul Matsch, federal judge (d. [2019](2019-in-the-united-states)) - June 9 – Dorothy Cotton, civil rights activist (d. [2018](2018-in-the-united-states)) - June 11 – Charles B. Rangel, African-American politician (d. [2025](2025-in-the-united-states)) - June 12 - Jim Nabors, actor, musician and comedian (d. [2017](2017-in-the-united-states)) - Dutch Rennert, baseball umpire (d. [2018](2018-in-the-united-states)) - June 14 – Charles McCarry, novelist (d. [2019](2019)) - June 16 – Thyrsa Frazier Svager, African-American mathematician and academic (d. [1999](1999-in-the-united-states)) - June 17 – Shatzi Weisberger, activist (d. [2022](2022-in-the-united-states)) - June 19 - James O. Mason, medical doctor and public health administrator (d. [2019](2019)) - Gena Rowlands, actress (d. [2024](2024-in-the-united-states)) - Diana Sowle, actress (d. [2018](2018)) - June 21 – John E. McCarthy, Roman Catholic bishop (d. [2018](2018-in-the-united-states)) - June 22 - Fred Benners, American football player (d. [2023](2023-in-the-united-states)) - Roy Drusky, country music singer-songwriter (d. [2004](2004-in-the-united-states)) - June 23 – Ben Speer, singer, musician, music publisher and record company executive (d. [2017](2017-in-the-united-states)) - June 24 - Herb Klein, businessman, attorney and politician (d. [2023](2023)) - Peter Mazzaferro, American football coach - June 25 – James Sedin, ice hockey player (d. [2021](2021-in-the-united-states)) - June 26 – Jackie Fargo, wrestler, trainer (d. [2013](2013)) - June 27 – Ross Perot, computer billionaire, politician (d. [2019](2019-in-the-united-states)) - June 28 – Maureen Howard, writer, editor and lecturer (d. [2022](2022-in-the-united-states)) - June 29 - Robert Evans, producer (d. [2019](2019-in-the-united-states)) - Edward Johnson III, investor, businessman (d. [2022](2022-in-the-united-states)) - Viola Léger, Acadian-Canadian actress and politician (d. [2023](2023-in-the-united-states)) - June 30 - Ben Atchley, politician (d. [2018](2018-in-the-united-states)) - W. C. Gorden, American football player, coach (d. [2020](2020-in-the-united-states)) - Isaac Levi, philosopher (d. [2018](2018-in-the-united-states)) - Thomas Sowell, economist, author ### July ::figure[src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5d/Theodore_Cardinal_McCarrick.jpg" caption="[[Theodore McCarrick"] :: ::figure[src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/fe/Jerry_Vale_1965.JPG" caption="[[Jerry Vale"] :: ::figure[src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/80/Polly_Bergen_1953.JPG" caption="[[Polly Bergen"] :: ::figure[src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/28/Paul_Taylor.jpg" caption="Paul Taylor"] :: - July 1 - Jerome A. Cohen, professor of law - Frank Joranko, American football and baseball player and coach (d. [2019](2019-in-the-united-states)) - July 2 - Pete Burnside, baseball player (d.2022) - Ahmad Jamal, jazz pianist (d. [2023](2023-in-the-united-states)) - Jane Moffet, utility baseball player(d.2018) - Magdalen Redman, baseball player (d.2020) - Randy Starr, singer-songwriter and dentist - Joe Scudero, American football safety (d. 2019) - July 3 – Ronnell Bright, jazz pianist(d. 2021) - July 4 - George Steinbrenner, businessman, baseball team owner (d. [2010](2010)) - Jack Van Mark, politician (d.2020) - July 5 - Tommy Cook, actor - Billy Howton, American football player - Donald Wilhelms, United States Geological Survey geologist - July 7 - Sherwin Carlquist, botanist, photographer (d. [2021](2021-in-the-united-states)) - Theodore McCarrick, Roman Catholic cardinal (d. [2025](2025-in-the-united-states)) - July 8 - Chris Adams, author and retired United States Air Force officer - Jim Mooney, basketball player (d. [2015](2015-in-the-united-states)) - Frank Slay, songwriter, record producer (d. [2017](2017)) - Jerry Vale, singer and actor (d. [2014](2014-in-the-united-states)) - July 9 - Buddy Bregman, musical arranger (d. [2017](2017-in-the-united-states)) - Patricia Newcomb, producer and publicist - July 10 – Pete Carril, basketball coach (d. [2022](2022-in-the-united-states)) - July 11 - Dick Beyer, professional wrestler (d. [2019](2019)) - Harold Bloom, literary critic (d. [2019](2019)) - Ezra Vogel, professor (d. [2020](2020)) - July 13 – Dick Bunt, basketball player (d. [2021](2021-in-the-united-states)) - July 14 – Polly Bergen, American actress (d. [2014](2014-in-the-united-states)) - July 15 – Betty Wagoner, American baseball player (d. [2006](2006-in-the-united-states)) - July 16 - Michael Bilirakis, politician - Bert Rechichar, American football defensive back, kicker (d. [2019](2019-in-the-united-states)) - July 18 – Sammy Masters, singer-songwriter (d. [2013](2013)) - July 20 – Ronnie MacGilvray, American basketball player (d. [2007](2007-in-the-united-states)) - July 23 – Moon Landrieu, lawyer and politician, Mayor of New Orleans (d. [2022](2022-in-the-united-states)) - July 24 – Jacqueline Brookes, actress (d. [2013](2013-in-the-united-states)) - July 25 – Mitzi Shore, comedy club owner (d. [2018](2018-in-the-united-states)) - July 29 – Paul Taylor, choreographer (d. [2018](2018-in-the-united-states)) - July 30 - A. D. King, civil rights activist and minister (d. [1969](1969-in-the-united-states)) - Gus Triandos, baseball player (Baltimore Orioles) (d. [2013](2013-in-the-united-states)) ### August ::figure[src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/0d/Neil_Armstrong_pose.jpg" caption="[[Neil Armstrong"] :: ::figure[src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/32/Robert_Culp_1965.JPG" caption="[[Robert Culp"] :: - August 2 - Eddie Locke, jazz drummer (d. [2009](2009-in-the-united-states)) - Carolyn Warner, politician (d. [2018](2018-in-the-united-states)) - August 5 - Neil Armstrong, astronaut, mission commander on Apollo 11 and the first person to walk on the Moon (d. [2012](2012-in-the-united-states)) - Damita Jo DeBlanc, actress, comedian, singer (d. [1998](1998)) - August 6 – Abbey Lincoln, singer (d. [2010](2010-in-the-united-states)) - August 8 – Joan Mondale, socialite, Second Lady of the United States (d. [2014](2014-in-the-united-states)) - August 10 – Fakir Musafar, performance artist, body modification pioneer (d. [2018](2018)) - August 13 - Don Ho, singer and musician (d. [2007](2007-in-the-united-states)) - Bob Wiesler, pitcher (d. [2014](2014)) - Jack Daugherty, musician (d. [1991](1991)) - Wilmer Mizell, pitcher (d. [1999](1999)) - August 14 - W. Brantley Harvey Jr., lawyer and politician (d. [2018](2018)) - Earl Weaver, baseball player and manager (d. [2013](2013)) - August 15 – Selma James, American-born feminist writer - August 16 - Robert Culp, actor (d. [2010](2010-in-the-united-states)) - Frank Gifford, American football player (d. [2015](2015-in-the-united-states)) - Tony Trabert, tennis player and commentator (d. [2021](2021-in-the-united-states)) - August 19 - Jesse L. Douglas, civil rights activist (d. [2025](2025-in-the-united-states)) - Frank McCourt, writer (d. [2009](2009-in-the-united-states)) - August 21 – Frank Perry, stage director and filmmaker (d. [1995](1995-in-the-united-states)) - August 23 – Mickey McMahan, big band musician (d. [2008](2008-in-the-united-states)) - August 28 – Ben Gazzara, actor (d. [2012](2012-in-the-united-states)) - August 30 - Warren Buffett, billionaire entrepreneur - Xernona Clayton, civil rights activist and broadcasting executive - August 31 – Raymond J. Donovan, businessman and politician, Secretary of Labor (d. [2021](2021-in-the-united-states)) ### September ::figure[src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e8/Ray_Charles_classic_piano_pose.jpg" caption="[[Ray Charles"] :: ::figure[src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/ab/Astronaut_John_W._Young.jpg" caption="John Young"] :: - September 2 – Rita Riggs, costume designer (d. [2017](2017-in-the-united-states)) - September 4 – Norman Dorsen, civil rights activist (d. [2017](2017-in-the-united-states)) - September 7 – Sonny Rollins, African-American jazz saxophonist - September 9 – Frank Lucas, African-American drug trafficker (d. [2019](2019-in-the-united-states)) - September 11 – Cathryn Damon, actress (d. [1987](1987)) - September 13 - Mary Baumgartner, female professional baseball player (d. [2018](2018-in-the-united-states)) - Jimmy McLane, American Olympic swimmer (d. [2020](2020-in-the-united-states)) - September 16 – Anne Francis, actress (d. [2011](2011-in-the-united-states)) - September 17 - David Huddleston, actor (*The Big Lebowski*) (d. [2016](2016)) - Edgar Mitchell, astronaut (d. [2016](2016)) - Thomas P. Stafford, American astronaut (d. [2024](2024)) - September 23 – Ray Charles, African-American singer, musician and actor (d. [2004](2004-in-the-united-states)) - September 24 – John Young, American astronaut (d. [2018](2018-in-the-united-states)) - September 25 – Shel Silverstein, American poet, singer-songwriter, cartoonist, screenwriter and children's book author (d. [1999](1999-in-the-united-states)) - September 26 – Philip Bosco, American actor (d. [2018](2018)) - September 28 - Tommy Collins, American country music singer-songwriter (d. [2000](2000-in-the-united-states)) - Johnny "Country" Mathis, American country music singer-songwriter (d. [2011](2011-in-the-united-states)) - September 29 – Billy Strange, American singer-songwriter and guitarist (d. [2012](2012-in-the-united-states)) ### October ::figure[src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/44/The_Big_Bopper.jpg" caption="[[The Big Bopper"] :: ::figure[src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f8/Michael_Collins_(S69-31742,_restoration).jpg" caption="Michael Collins"] :: - October 1 – George F. Regas, Episcopal priest and activist (d. [2021](2021-in-the-united-states)) - October 8 – Faith Ringgold, artist and author (d. [2024](2024-in-the-united-states)) - October 10 - Doris Payne, jewel thief - Adlai Stevenson III, politician (d. [2021](2021-in-the-united-states)) - October 11 - Bill Fischer, baseball player (d. [2018](2018)) - Sam Johnson, politician (d. [2020](2020)) - October 17 - Robert Atkins, nutritionist (d. [2003](2003-in-the-united-states)) - Nick Chickillo, American football player (d. [2000](2000-in-the-united-states)) - October 18 – Frank Carlucci, politician (d. [2018](2018-in-the-united-states)) - October 19 – Jody Lawrance, actress (d. [1986](1986-in-the-united-states)) - October 20 – Leila Seth, Indian judge (d. [2017](2017)) - October 24 - Big Bopper, disc jockey and singer-songwriter (d. [1959](1959-in-the-united-states)) - Jack Angel, voice actor (d. [2021](2021-in-the-united-states)) - October 27 – Gladys West, mathematician (d. [2026](2026-in-the-united-states)) - October 29 – Natalie Sleeth, composer (d. [1992](1992-in-the-united-states)) - October 30 – Clifford Brown, jazz trumpeter (d. [1956](1956-in-the-united-states)) - October 31 – Michael Collins, astronaut (d. [2021](2021-in-the-united-states)) ### November ::figure[src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f5/Barack_Obama_greets_Burton_Richter_and_Mildred_Dresselhaus_(cropped).jpg" caption="[[Mildred Dresselhaus"] :: ::figure[src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/37/EdwardWhite.jpeg" caption="Ed White"] :: - November 3 - Mable John, blues singer (d. [2022](2022)) - D. James Kennedy, evangelist (d. [2007](2007)) - November 4 – Dick MacPherson, American football coach (d. [2017](2017)) - November 6 - Derrick Bell, law professor (d. [2011](2011)) - Wilma Briggs, American female baseball player (d. [2023](2023)) - Mark McCormack, lawyer and sports agent (d. [2003](2003)) - November 7 – Rudy Boschwitz, politician - November 11 – Mildred Dresselhaus, scientist, educator (d. [2017](2017)) - November 12 – Bob Crewe, singer-songwriter, manager and producer (d. [2014](2014)) - November 13 - Richard A. Falk, international professor - Fred R. Harris, politician (d. [2024](2024)) - November 14 – Ed White, astronaut (d. [1967](1967)) - November 16 – Paul Foytack, baseball player (d. [2021](2021)) - November 17 – Bob Mathias, athlete (d. [2006](2006)) - November 20 – Curly Putman, songwriter (d. [2016](2016)) - November 21 – Anthony Downs, economist (d. [2021](2021)) - November 22 – Owen Garriott, astronaut (d. [2019](2019)) - November 23 - Bill Brock, politician (d. [2021](2021)) - Robert Easton, actor (d. 2011) - Jack McKeon, baseball player and manager - November 24 – Bob Friend, baseball player (d. [2019](2019)) - November 25 – Clarke Scholes, freestyle swimmer (d. [2010](2010)) - November 30 – G. Gordon Liddy, organizer of the Watergate burglaries (d. [2021](2021)) ### December ::figure[src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5a/Odetta_(1961).jpg" caption="[[Odetta"] :: - December 2 – Gary Becker, American economist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. [2014](2014-in-the-united-states)) - December 4 - Sheila Benson, American journalist and film critic (d. [2022](2022-in-the-united-states)) - Jim Hall, American jazz guitarist (d. [2013](2013-in-the-united-states)) - December 5 – Warren Spannaus, American politician (d. [2017](2017)) - December 11 – Jim Williams, American antique dealer, preservationist (d. [1990](1990-in-the-united-states)) - December 19 – Peter Buck, American restaurateur (d. [2021](2021-in-the-united-states)) - December 31 - Odetta, African-American singer and civil rights activist (d. [2008](2008-in-the-united-states)) - Jaime Escalante, American high school math teacher (d. [2010](2010)) ## Deaths ::figure[src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/39/William_Howard_Taft,_head-and-shoulders_portrait,_facing_front.jpg" caption="[[William Howard Taft"] :: - January 2 – Kenneth Hawks, film director (b. [1898](1898-in-the-united-states)) - January 9 – Edward Bok, editor (b. [1863](1863) in the Netherlands) - January 13 – John Nathan Cobb, author, naturalist, conservationist, fisheries researcher, and educator (b. [1868](1868-in-the-united-states)) - January 24 – Rebecca Latimer Felton, U.S. Senator from Georgia (b. [1835](1835-in-the-united-states)) - February 7 – Jennie Anderson Froiseth, women's rights campaigner (b. [1849](1849-in-the-united-states)) - February 14 – Fred Dubois, U.S. Senator from Idaho (b. [1851](1851-in-the-united-states)) - February 27 – George Haven Putnam, author and publisher (b. [1844](1844-in-the-united-states)) - March 2 – Marta Sandal, Norwegian-born singer (b. [1878 in Norway](1878-in-norway)) - March 8 – William Howard Taft, 27th president of the United States from 1909 to 1913 and 10th chief justice of the United States from 1921 to 1930 (b. [1857](1857-in-the-united-states)) - March 11 – Alma Webster Hall Powell, opera singer, suffragist and inventor (b. [1869](1869-in-the-united-states)) - March 13 – Mary Eleanor Wilkins Freeman, author (b. [1852](1852-in-the-united-states)) - March 31 – James Marshall Head, politician and businessman (b. [1855](1855-in-the-united-states)) - April 7 – Octaviano Ambrosio Larrazolo, politician (b. [1859](1859-in-the-united-states)) - April 14 – John B. Sheridan, sports journalist (b. [1870 in Ireland](1870-in-ireland)) - April 16 – Linda Richards, nurse (b. [1841](1841-in-the-united-states)) - May 2 – Daniel V. Asay, iceboat racer (b. [1847](1847-in-the-united-states)) - May 18 – Gottfried Blocklinger, admiral (b. [1847](1847-in-the-united-states)) - May – Anna Margaret Urbas, criminal associate (murdered; b. 1905/06) - June 16 – Ezra Fitch, businessman, co-founder of Abercrombie & Fitch (b. [1865](1865-in-the-united-states)) - July 2 – Anders Randolf, silent film actor (b. [1870 in Denmark](1870-in-denmark)) - August 6 – Luigi Fugazy, banker, businessman and philanthropist (b. [1839](1839) in Italy) - September 5 - Carl Panzram, serial killer and rapist (executed; b. [1891](1891-in-the-united-states)) - Robert Means Thompson, naval officer and president of the American Olympic Association (b. [1849](1849-in-the-united-states)) - September 21 – John T. Dorrance, chemist (b. [1873](1873-in-the-united-states)) - September 24 – William A. MacCorkle, lawyer, Governor of West Virginia (b. [1857](1857-in-the-united-states)) - September 28 – Daniel Guggenheim, mining magnate and philanthropist (b. [1856](1856-in-the-united-states)) - September 30 – Albert W. Grant, admiral (b. [1856](1856-in-the-united-states)) - October 2 – Gordon Stewart Northcott, serial killer (executed; b. [1906](1906-in-the-united-states)) - October 15 – Herbert Henry Dow, industrial chemist (b. [1866 in Canada](1866-in-canada)) - November 20 – William B. Hanna, sportswriter (b. [1866](1866-in-the-united-states)) - November 29 – Anna DeCosta Banks, American nurse (b. [1869](1869-in-the-united-states)) - December 9 – Rube Foster, Negro league baseball player (b. [1879](1879-in-the-united-states)) - December 14 – F. Richard Jones, director (b. [1893](1893-in-the-united-states)) - December 16 – Herman Lamm, bank robber (suicide; b. [1890 in Germany](1890-in-germany)) ## References ## References 1. (February 25, 2002). ["Disneyana: Classic Collectibles 1928-1958"](https://books.google.com/books?id=gBY4AQAAIAAJ). *Disney Editions*. 2. De Witt, Howard A.. (1979). "The Watsonville Anti-Filipino Riot of 1930: A Case Study of the Great Depression and Ethnic Conflict in California". *Southern California Quarterly*. 3. Aaseng, Nathan. (2005). ["Business Builders In Sweets and Treats"](https://books.google.com/books?id=lXBPiDJ5R8YC&q=%22april+6%22+dewar+continental&pg=PA80). *The Oliver Press*. 4. {{Cite HGOC 5. Henry, Alfred J.. (December 1930). "The Weather of 1930 in the United States". *Monthly Weather Review*. 6. ["Record Minimum Annual Precipitation by State"](http://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/special/minann.pdf). 7. ["Climate at a Glance: Contiguous US Precipitation July to June"](https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/monitoring/climate-at-a-glance/national/time-series/110/pcp/12/6/1895-2023?base_prd=true&begbaseyear=1896&endbaseyear=1974&trend=true&trend_base=100&begtrendyear=1975&endtrendyear=2023&filter=true&filterType=binomial). *[[National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration]]*. 8. ["The long legacy of the U.S. occupation of Haiti"](https://www.washingtonpost.com/history/2021/08/06/haiti-us-occupation-1915/). *Washington Post*. 9. ["Volstead Act {{!}} History, Definition, & Significance {{!}} Britannica"](https://www.britannica.com/topic/Volstead-Act). 10. (August 9, 2013). ["Don Shula at 80: From Harvey to Hall"](http://www.news-herald.com/general-news/20100718/don-shula-at-80-from-harvey-to-hall-with-slideshow-video). *The News-Herald*. 11. Lee Ellis. (2004). ["Who's who of NASA Astronauts"](https://books.google.com/books?id=z-M-YksXsqcC&pg=PA405). *Americana Group Publishing*. 12. (August 12, 2016). ["Singer Glenn Yarbrough dies at 86"](http://www.tennessean.com/story/entertainment/music/2016/08/12/singer-glenn-yarbrough-dead-86/88599116/). *[[The Tennessean]]*. 13. (1991). ["Illinois Blue Book"](https://books.google.com/books?id=njtPAQAAMAAJ). *The Secretary*. 14. [https://www.thetimes.com/uk/obituaries/article/john-romita-sr-obituary-x82kc2l2s John Romita Sr obituary] 15. ["The Canvas and the Triangle"](https://www.vanityfair.com/culture/2012/09/jackson-pollock-ruth-kligman-love-triangle). 16. [https://catholicoutlook.org/retired-bishop-thomas-gumbleton-of-detroit-dies-at-94/ Retired Bishop Thomas Gumbleton of Detroit dies at 94] 17. ["Ruth M. Kirk (1930-2011)"](https://msa.maryland.gov/msa/mdmanual/06hse/former/html/msa12253.html). 18. Robert W. Cohen. (August 1, 2017). ["40 Greatest Players in Boston Celtics Basketball History"](https://books.google.com/books?id=ta-zDgAAQBAJ&pg=PA324). *Down East Books*. 19. [https://1819news.com/news/item/32-year-former-state-legislator-jack-biddle-dies-in-gardendale 32-year former state legislator Jack Biddle dies in Gardendale] 20. Risen, Clay. (September 10, 2022). ["James Stewart Polshek, Quiet Giant of Modern Architecture, Dies at 92"](https://www.nytimes.com/2022/09/10/arts/james-stewart-polshek-dead.html). 21. Green, Penelope. (October 30, 2021). ["Pauline Bart, 91, Sociologist Who Mapped Women's Challenges, Dies"](https://www.nytimes.com/2021/10/30/us/pauline-bart-dead.html). 22. Caryn Hannan. (January 1, 1999). ["Georgia Biographical Dictionary"](https://books.google.com/books?id=Y8QGF2QH5K0C&pg=PA446). *State History Publications*. 23. Tracy Chevalier. (October 12, 2012). ["Encyclopedia of the Essay"](https://books.google.com/books?id=nOwBEsoNiUMC&pg=PA903). *Routledge*. 24. Paul Donnelley. (2000). ["Fade to Black: A Book of Movie Obituaries"](https://books.google.com/books?id=EmYcAQAAIAAJ). *Omnibus*. 25. Roberts, Zachary. (April 9, 2023). ["Hobie Landrith cause of death: New York Mets legend passes away at 93"](https://www.sportskeeda.com/baseball/hobie-landrith-cause-death-new-york-mets-legend-passes-away-93). 26. (May 13, 2022). ["Richard Wald, former NBC News president and ABC News executive, dies at 92"](https://www.nbcnews.com/news/us-news/richard-wald-former-nbc-news-president-abc-news-executive-dies-92-rcna28705). 27. [https://www.nytimes.com/2023/10/05/arts/music/russell-sherman-dead.html Russell Sherman, Poetic Interpreter at the Piano, Is Dead at 93] 28. [https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-us-canada-67593879 Ex-Supreme Court Justice Sandra Day O'Connor dies aged 93] 29. Neil Butterworth. (October 2, 2013). ["Dictionary of American Classical Composers"](https://books.google.com/books?id=WR8jAQAAQBAJ&pg=PA15). *Routledge*. 30. John Simon Guggenheim Memorial Foundation. (1977). ["Reports of the President and the Treasurer - John Simon Guggenheim Memorial Foundation"](https://books.google.com/books?id=2zgkAQAAIAAJ). *John Simon Guggenheim Memorial Foundation*. 31. (May 6, 2015). ["Grace Lee Whitney"](https://www.heraldscotland.com/opinion/13212557.grace-lee-whitney/). 32. Marion Elizabeth Cullen. (May 1970). ["Memorable days in music"](https://books.google.com/books?id=2cs4AQAAIAAJ). *Scarecrow Press*. 33. Robert W. Cohen. (October 1, 2015). ["The 50 Greatest Players in Detroit Tigers History"](https://books.google.com/books?id=kf-ICgAAQBAJ&pg=PA209). *Taylor Trade Publishing*. 34. ["Anton LaVey {{!}} Biography, Books, & Facts"](https://www.britannica.com/biography/Anton-LaVey). 35. Montague, Zach. (June 15, 2021). ["William vanden Heuvel, Diplomat and a Kennedy Confidant, Dies at 91"](https://www.nytimes.com/2021/06/15/obituaries/william-vanden-heuvel-diplomat-and-a-kennedy-confidant-dies-at-91.html). 36. (April 29, 2010). ["Happy 80th Birthday, Irv"](http://blogs.buffalonews.com/talkintv/). *The Buffalo News*. 37. (December 21, 2018). ["Ethel Ayler, Actress in 'Eve's Bayou' and 'The Cosby Show,' Dies at 88"](https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/ethel-ayler-dead-cosby-show-eves-bayou-actress-was-88-1171489). *The Hollywood Reporter*. 38. Paul Varner. (2012). ["Historical Dictionary of the Beat Movement"](https://books.google.com/books?id=S26J6-wY9LoC&pg=PA266). *Scarecrow Press*. 39. (September 2, 2022). ["Don Lind, Latter-day Saint astronaut, scientist, pilot, dies at age 92"](https://www.thechurchnews.com/members/2022/9/2/23332941/don-lind-latter-day-saint-astronaut-scientist-dies-at-age-92). 40. (April 29, 2004). ["African American Lives"](https://books.google.com/books?id=3dXw6gR2GgkC&pg=PA373). *Oxford University Press*. 41. Chuck Stewart. (2003). ["Gay and Lesbian Issues: A Reference Handbook"](https://books.google.com/books?id=sdKvt-GoidYC&pg=PA154). *ABC-CLIO*. 42. Jay Parini. (2004). ["The Oxford Encyclopedia of American Literature"](https://books.google.com/books?id=nMhMAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA135). *Oxford University Press*. 43. Charles Leinberger. (September 1, 2004). ["Ennio Morricone's The Good, the Bad and the Ugly: A Film Score Guide"](https://books.google.com/books?id=RUeSAAAAQBAJ&pg=PA48). *Scarecrow Press*. 44. 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["Banks, Anna DeCosta"](http://www.scencyclopedia.org/sce/entries/banks-anna-de-costa/). *University of South Carolina, Institute for Southern Studies*. ::callout[type=info title="Wikipedia Source"] This article was imported from [Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1930_in_the_United_States) and is available under the [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Content has been adapted to SurfDoc format. Original contributors can be found on the [article history page](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1930_in_the_United_States?action=history). ::