1835 in the United States

::James K. Polk (D-Tennessee) (starting December 7) - Congress: [23rd](23rd-united-states-congress) (until March 4), [24th](24th-united-states-congress) (starting March 4) #### State governments ::data[format=table] | Governors and lieutenant governors | |---| | | :: ## Events - January 8 – The Federal Government declares that Andrew Jackson paid off the national debt for the first and only time. ::figure[src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9b/Richard_Lawrence_unsuccessfully_tries_to_assassinate_President_Andrew_Jackson.jpg" caption="president]]."] :: - January 30 – Richard Lawrence unsuccessfully tries to assassinate President Andrew Jackson in the United States Capitol; this is the first assassination attempt against a president of the United States. - March 31 – Hostile action opens the Toledo War between the State of Ohio and the Michigan Territory over the city of Toledo and the Toledo Strip. - May 6 – James Gordon Bennett, Sr. publishes the first issue of the *New York Herald*. - August – P. T. Barnum begins his career as a showman in New York City by displaying Joice Heth, a black woman who he claimed was 161 years old and the former nursemaid of George Washington. - July 4 – The Baltimore and Ohio Railroad completed construction of its Thomas Viaduct then the longest bridge in the United States, and second only to London Bridge in the world; the longer Canton Viaduct is completed two weeks later. - August 25 – The Great Moon Hoax begins. ::figure[src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/60/Thomas_Viaduct_LOC_082103pu.jpg" caption="July 4: [[Thomas Viaduct]] completed."] :: - October 2 – Texas Revolution – Battle of Gonzales: Mexican soldiers attempt to disarm the people of Gonzales, Texas but encounter stiff resistance from a hastily assembled militia. - December 9 – The Army of the Republic of Texas captures San Antonio. ::figure[src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8e/1835_Great_Fire_of_New_York.jpg" caption="December 16–17: [[Great Fire of New York"] :: - December 16–17 – The Great Fire of New York destroys 530–700 buildings and kills two. - December 19 – *Toledo Blade* newspaper begins publishing. - December 20 – The Texas Declaration of Independence is first signed at Goliad, Texas. - December 28 – The Second Seminole War breaks out. Seminole fighter Osceola and his warriors attack government agent Thompson outside Fort King in central Florida. - December 29 – The Treaty of New Echota, ceding all the lands of the Cherokee east of the Mississippi to the United States, is signed. ### Undated - Judge William Harper of South Carolina rules that a person's acceptance as white, not the proportion of white and black *blood*, determine a person's race. - Fort Cass is established, the military headquarters and site of the largest internment camps during the 1838 Trail of Tears. - Tensions between the United States and France reach an all time high as President Andrew Jackson and the French government of Louis Philippe I trade threats and insults over France's refusal to pay the United States reparations which the United States government insists France owes from the Quasi-War. ### Ongoing - Second Seminole War (1835–1842) ## Births - January 29 – Sarah Chauncey Woolsey (Susan Coolidge), children's writer (died [1905](1905-in-the-united-states)) - February 19 – Henry R. Pease, U.S. Senator from Mississippi from 1874 to 1875 (died [1907](1907-in-the-united-states)) - March 28 – Matthias N. Forney, steam locomotive manufacturer (died [1908](1908-in-the-united-states)) - March 31 – John La Farge, painter and stained-glass artist (died [1910](1910-in-the-united-states)) - April 2 – Jacob Nash Victor, railroad builder (died [1907](1907-in-the-united-states)) - April 10 – Henry Villard, journalist, railroad financier and philanthropist (died [1900](1900-in-the-united-states)) - April 17 – - Augusta Cooper Bristol, poet (died 1910) - Zenas Bliss, Union Army general and Medal of Honor recipient (died [1900](1900-in-the-united-states)) - May 12 – John T. Lesley, Mayor of Tampa (died [1913](1913-in-the-united-states)) - May 27 – Charles Francis Adams Jr., public figure and historian (died [1915](1915-in-the-united-states)) - June 10 – Rebecca Latimer Felton, U.S. Senator from Georgia in 1922 (died [1930](1930-in-the-united-states)) - June 15 – Adah Isaacs Menken, actress, painter and poet (died [1868](1868-in-the-united-states)) - June 26 – Thomas W. Knox, war reporter (died [1896](1896-in-the-united-states)) - June 27 – Fred Harvey, entrepreneur (died [1901](1901-in-the-united-states)) - June 29 – Celia Thaxter, poet (died [1894](1894-in-the-united-states)) - August 2 – Elisha Gray, inventor and businessman (died [1901](1901-in-the-united-states)) - September 4 – William Lindsay, U.S. Senator from Kentucky from 1893 to 1901 (died [1909](1909-in-the-united-states)) - September 10 – Donelson Caffery, U.S. Senator from Louisiana from 1892 to 1901 (died [1906](1906-in-the-united-states)) - September 14 – Ellen Hamlin, Second Lady of the United States as wife of Hannibal Hamlin (died [1925](1925-in-the-united-states)) - October 16 – William R. Shafter, general (died [1906](1906-in-the-united-states)) - October 23 – Adlai Stevenson I, 23rd vice president of the United States from 1893 to 1897 (died [1914](1914-in-the-united-states)) - October 26 – Thomas M. Bowen, U.S. Senator from Colorado from 1883 to 1889 (died 1906) - October 31 – Adelbert Ames, 27th and 30th governor of Mississippi from 1868 to 1870 and from 1874 to 1876 and U.S. Senator from Mississippi from 1870 to 1874, Medal of Honor recipient (died [1933](1933-in-the-united-states)) - November 17 – Andrew L. Harris, Civil War hero and Governor of Ohio (died [1915](1915-in-the-united-states)) - November 21 – Rose Eytinge, actress (died [1911](1911-in-the-united-states)) - November 25 - Andrew Carnegie, industrialist and philanthropist (died [1919](1919-in-the-united-states)) - Arthur Sewall, politician and industrialist (died [1900](1900-in-the-united-states)) - November 30 – Mark Twain, writer, humorist, entrepreneur, publisher and lecturer (died [1910](1910-in-the-united-states)) - December 13 – Phillips Brooks, clergyman and poet (died [1893](1893-in-the-united-states)) - December 17 – Alexander Emanuel Agassiz, scientist (died [1910](1910-in-the-united-states)) - December 18 – Lyman Abbott, clergyman and author (died [1922](1922-in-the-united-states)) ## Deaths - February 19 – Amzi Chapin, singer, composer and music teacher (born [1768](1768)) - March 15 – Samuel Dinsmoor, teacher, lawyer, banker and politician (born [1766](1766)) - April 21 – Samuel Slater, "father of the American Industrial Revolution" (born [1768 in Great Britain](1768-in-great-britain)) - July 6 – John Marshall, fourth Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States from 1801 to 1835 (born [1755](1755)) - August 25 – Ann Rutledge, Abraham Lincoln's alleged first love (born [1813](1813-in-the-united-states)) - August 30 – William T. Barry, U.S. Senator from Kentucky from 1814 to 1816 and U.S. Postmaster General from 1829 to 1835, died in Liverpool, England, United Kingdom (born [1784](1784-in-the-united-states)) - September 15 – Sarah Knox Taylor, daughter of Zachary Taylor and wife of Jefferson Davis (born [1814](1814-in-the-united-states)) - November 14 – James Freeman, first American clergyman to call himself a Unitarian (born [1759](1759)) - December 12 – Elias Kane, U.S. Senator from Illinois from 1825 to 1835 (born [1794](1794-in-the-united-states)) - December 22 – David Hosack physician and educator, attending doctor at the Hamilton-Burr duel (born [1769](1769)) - *Full date unknown* - Sally Hemings, slave and concubine to Thomas Jefferson (born c. [1773](1773)) - Elkanah Tisdale, engraver, miniature painter and cartoonist (born 1768) ## References ## References 1. (2007-01-30). ["Trying to Assassinate President Jackson"](http://www.americanheritage.com/people/articles/web/20070130-richard-lawrence-andrew-jackson-assassination-warren-r-davis.shtml). *[[American Heritage (magazine)*. 2. Andrew Jackson's Presidency by Christine Zuchora-Walske pg. 78 3. ["Mark Twain {{!}} Biography & Facts"](https://www.britannica.com/biography/Mark-Twain). ::callout[type=info title="Wikipedia Source"] This article was imported from [Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1835_in_the_United_States) and is available under the [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Content has been adapted to SurfDoc format. Original contributors can be found on the [article history page](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1835_in_the_United_States?action=history). ::