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1826–27 United States Senate elections
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| Field | Value |
|---|---|
| election_name | 1826–27 United States Senate elections |
| country | United States |
| flag_year | 1822 |
| type | legislative |
| ongoing | no |
| previous_election | 1824–25 United States Senate elections |
| previous_year | 1824 & 1825 |
| next_election | 1828–29 United States Senate elections |
| next_year | 1828 & 1829 |
| seat_class | Class 1 |
| previous_seat_election | 1820–21 United States Senate elections |
| previous_seat_year | 1820 & 1821 |
| next_seat_election | 1832–33 United States Senate elections |
| next_seat_year | 1832 & 1833 |
| seats_for_election | 16 of the 48 seats in the United States Senate (plus special elections) |
| majority_seats | 25 |
| election_date | Dates vary by state |
| image_size | 160x180px |
| 1blank | Seats up |
| party1 | Jacksonian Party |
| last_election1 | **26 seats** |
| seats_before1 | **26** |
| seats1 | **9** |
| seats_after1 | **27** |
| seat_change1 | 1 |
| 1data1 | 8 |
| party2 | Anti-Jacksonian Party |
| last_election2 | 21 seats |
| seats_before2 | 22 |
| seats2 | 6 |
| seats_after2 | 20 |
| seat_change2 | 2 |
| 1data2 | 8 |
| title | Majority Party |
| before_party | Jacksonian Party (US) |
| after_party | Jacksonian Party (US) |
| map_image | File:1826senatemap.svg |
| map_caption | **Results:** |
The 1826–27 United States Senate elections were held on various dates in various states. As these U.S. Senate elections were prior to the ratification of the Seventeenth Amendment in 1913, senators were chosen by state legislatures. Senators were elected over a wide range of time throughout 1826 and 1827, and a seat may have been filled months late or remained vacant due to legislative deadlock. In these elections, terms were up for the senators in Class 1.
The majority Jacksonians gained a seat in the United States Senate. Senators who called themselves "Anti-Jacksonian" or "National Republicans" were also called "Adams" or "Adams Men."
Results summary
Senate party division, 20th Congress (1827–1829)
- Majority party: Jacksonian (27)
- Minority party: Anti-Jacksonian (20–21)
- Other parties: (0)
- Total seats: 48
Change in composition
Before the elections
At the beginning of 1826.
| J | J | J | J |
|---|
Result of the regular elections
| J | J | J | J |
|---|
Result of the special elections
Before the March 4, 1827, beginning of the new Congress.
| J | J | J | J |
|---|
| V | = Vacant |
|---|
|}
Race summaries
Special elections during the 19th Congress
In these special elections, the winners were seated during 1826 or before March 4, 1827; ordered by election date.
| State | Incumbent | Results | Candidates | Senator | Party | Electoral history | New York | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (Class 3) | Maryland | ||||||||||||||
| (Class 3) | Mississippi | ||||||||||||||
| (Class 1) | Massachusetts | ||||||||||||||
| (Class 2) | New Jersey | ||||||||||||||
| (Class 1) | Alabama | ||||||||||||||
| (Class 3) | South Carolina | ||||||||||||||
| (Class 3) | Delaware | ||||||||||||||
| (Class 2) | |||||||||||||||
| Vacant | Seat vacant after an 1824 legislative deadlock. | ||||||||||||||
| New senator [elected](1825-1826-united-states-senate-election-in-new-york) January 14, 1826. | |||||||||||||||
| **Anti-Jacksonian gain.** | nowrap | {{Plainlist | |||||||||||||
| Edward Lloyd | Jacksonian | [1819](1819-united-states-senate-elections-in-maryland) | |||||||||||||
| [1825](1825-united-states-senate-election-in-maryland) | Incumbent resigned January 14, 1826. | ||||||||||||||
| New senator [elected](1826-united-states-senate-special-election-in-maryland) January 24, 1826. | |||||||||||||||
| **Anti-Jacksonian gain.** | nowrap | {{Plainlist | |||||||||||||
| Powhatan Ellis | Jacksonian | 1825 (appointed) | Interim appointee [lost election](1826-united-states-senate-special-election-in-mississippi) January 28, 1826. | ||||||||||||
| Jacksonian hold. | nowrap | {{Plainlist | |||||||||||||
| James Lloyd | Anti-Jacksonian | [1808 (special)](1808-united-states-senate-special-election-in-massachusetts) | |||||||||||||
| [1808](1808-united-states-senate-election-in-massachusetts) | |||||||||||||||
| 1813 (resigned) | |||||||||||||||
| [1822 (special)](1822-united-states-senate-special-election-in-massachusetts) | |||||||||||||||
| [1822](1822-united-states-senate-election-in-massachusetts) | Incumbent resigned May 23, 1826. | ||||||||||||||
| New senator [elected](1826-united-states-senate-special-election-in-massachusetts) May 31, 1826. | |||||||||||||||
| Anti-Jacksonian hold. | nowrap | {{Plainlist | |||||||||||||
| Joseph McIlvaine | Anti-Jacksonian | [1823 (special)](1823-united-states-senate-special-election-in-new-jersey) | Incumbent died August 19, 1826 | ||||||||||||
| New senator [elected](1826-united-states-senate-special-election-in-new-jersey) November 10, 1826. | |||||||||||||||
| Anti-Jacksonian hold. | |||||||||||||||
| Winner also elected to the next term; see below. | nowrap | {{Plainlist | |||||||||||||
| Israel Pickens | Jacksonian | 1826 (appointed) | Interim appointee not elected to finish the term. | ||||||||||||
| New senator [elected](1826-united-states-senate-special-election-in-alabama) November 27, 1826. | |||||||||||||||
| Jacksonian hold. | nowrap | {{Plainlist | |||||||||||||
| William Harper | Jacksonian | 1826 (appointed) | Interim appointee not elected to finish the term. | ||||||||||||
| New senator [elected](1826-united-states-senate-special-election-in-south-carolina) November 29, 1826. | |||||||||||||||
| Jacksonian hold. | nowrap | {{Plainlist | |||||||||||||
| Daniel Rodney | Anti-Jacksonian | 1826 (appointed) | Interim appointee not elected to finish the term. | ||||||||||||
| New senator [elected](1827-united-states-senate-special-election-in-delaware) January 12, 1827. | |||||||||||||||
| **Jacksonian gain.** | nowrap | {{Plainlist |
Races leading to the 20th Congress
In these regular elections, the winner was seated on March 4, 1827; ordered by state.
All of the elections involved the Class 1 seats.
| State | Incumbent | Results | Candidates | Senator | Party | Electoral history | Connecticut | Delaware | Indiana | Maine | Maryland | Massachusetts | Mississippi | Missouri | New Jersey | New York | Ohio | Pennsylvania | Rhode Island | Tennessee | Vermont | Virginia | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Henry W. Edwards | Jacksonian | 1823 (appointed) | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| [1824 (special)](1824-united-states-senate-special-election-in-connecticut) | Incumbent retired or lost re-election. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| New senator elected. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| **Anti-Jacksonian gain.** | nowrap | {{Plainlist | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Thomas Clayton | Anti-Jacksonian | [1824 (special)](1824-united-states-senate-special-elections-in-delaware) | Incumbent retired or lost re-election. | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| New senator elected. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| **Jacksonian gain.** | nowrap | {{Plainlist | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| James Noble | Anti-Jacksonian | [1816](1816-united-states-senate-elections-in-indiana) | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| [1821](1821-united-states-senate-election-in-indiana) | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap | {{Plainlist | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| John Holmes | Anti-Jacksonian | [1820](1820-united-states-senate-elections-in-maine) | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| [1821](1821-united-states-senate-election-in-maine) | Incumbent retired or lost re-election. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| New senator elected. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| **Jacksonian gain.** | nowrap | {{Plainlist | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Samuel Smith | Jacksonian | [1802](1802-united-states-senate-election-in-maryland) | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| [1809](1809-united-states-senate-election-in-maryland) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 1815 (lost) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| [1822 (special)](1822-united-states-senate-special-election-in-maryland) | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap | {{Plainlist | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Elijah H. Mills | Anti-Jacksonian | [1820 (special)](1820-united-states-senate-special-election-in-massachusetts) | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| [1820](1820-united-states-senate-election-in-massachusetts) | Incumbent lost re-election. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Legislature elected late. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Anti-Jacksonian loss. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Thomas Reed | Jacksonian | [1826 (special)](1826-united-states-senate-special-election-in-mississippi) | Incumbent lost re-election. | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| New senator elected in 1826 or 1827. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Jacksonian hold. | nowrap | {{Plainlist | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Thomas H. Benton | Jacksonian | [1821](1821-united-states-senate-elections-in-missouri) | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap | {{Plainlist | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Joseph McIlvaine | Anti-Jacksonian | [1823 (special)](1823-united-states-senate-special-election-in-new-jersey) | Incumbent died August 19, 1826. | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| New senator [elected](1826-united-states-senate-election-in-new-jersey) November 10, 1826. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Anti-Jacksonian hold. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Winner was also elected to finish the preceding term; see above. | nowrap | {{Plainlist | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Martin Van Buren | Jacksonian | [1821](1821-united-states-senate-election-in-new-york) | Incumbent [re-elected](1827-united-states-senate-election-in-new-york) February 6, 1827. | nowrap | {{Plainlist | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Benjamin Ruggles | Anti-Jacksonian | [1815](1815-united-states-senate-election-in-ohio) | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| [1821](1821-united-states-senate-election-in-ohio) | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap | {{Plainlist | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| William Findlay | Jacksonian | [1821](1820-21-united-states-senate-election-in-pennsylvania) | Incumbent retired. | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| New senator elected. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Jacksonian hold. | nowrap | {{Plainlist | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Asher Robbins | Anti-Jacksonian | [1825 (special)](1825-united-states-senate-special-election-in-rhode-island) | Incumbent re-elected November 2, 1826. | nowrap | {{Plainlist | ||||||||||||||||||||
| John Eaton | Jacksonian | 1818 (appointed) | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| [1819 (special)](1819-united-states-senate-special-election-in-tennessee) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| [1821 (special)](1821-united-states-senate-special-election-in-tennessee) | Incumbent [re-elected](1826-united-states-senate-election-in-tennessee). | nowrap | {{Plainlist | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Horatio Seymour | Anti-Jacksonian | [1821](1821-united-states-senate-election-in-vermont) | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap | {{Plainlist | ||||||||||||||||||||
| John Randolph | Jacksonian | 1825 (Appointed) | Appointee lost election. | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| New senator elected. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Jacksonian hold. | nowrap | {{Plainlist |
Elections during the 20th Congress
In this election, the winner was seated in 1827 after the new Congress began on March 4.
| State | Incumbent | Results | Candidates | Senator | Party | Electoral history | Massachusetts | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (Class 1) | ||||||||
| Vacant | Vacant due to late election. | |||||||
| New senator [elected](1827-united-states-senate-election-in-massachusetts) June 8, 1827. | ||||||||
| **Anti-Jacksonian gain.** | nowrap | {{Plainlist |
Alabama (special)
Connecticut
Delaware
Delaware had two elections: a special for the class 2 seat and a regular election for the class 1 seat. The elections flipped both seats from Anti-Jacksonian to Jacksonian.
Delaware (special)
Anti-Jacksonian senator Nicholas Van Dyke died on May 21, 1826, and Anti-Jacksonian Daniel Rodney was appointed to continue the class 2 term (ending March 3, 1829) until a special election.
Jacksonian Henry M. Ridgely was elected on January 12, 1827.
Delaware (regular)
Anti-Jacksonian Thomas Clayton had served since winning an 1824 special election. It is unknown if Clayton was a candidate for re-election in 1827, but that election was won by Jacksonian Louis McLane.
Indiana
Maine
Maryland
Maryland (special)
Ezekiel F. Chambers won election over Philip Reed by a margin of 18.07%, or 15 votes, for the Class 3 seat.
Maryland (regular)
Samuel Smith won election by a margin of 87.95%, or 73 votes, for the Class 1 seat.
Massachusetts
Massachusetts (special, class 2)
Massachusetts (regular)
Massachusetts (special, class 1)
Mississippi
Jacksonian interim appointee Powhatan Ellis had served in the class 1 seat since 1825 for the term ending March 3, 1827.
He faced a special election to finish the term and a regular election to the next term.
Mississippi (special)
Jacksonian Thomas Buck Reed was elected January 27, 1826, to finish the term, but not to the next full term.
Mississippi (regular)
Jacksonian interim appointee Powhatan Ellis was elected sometime (date unknown) to the next term, and would go on to serve until 1832.
Missouri
New Jersey
New Jersey (regular)
New Jersey (special)
New York
Main article: 1827 United States Senate election in New York
Ohio
Pennsylvania
Main article: 1826 United States Senate election in Pennsylvania
Rhode Island
South Carolina (special)
Tennessee
Vermont
Virginia
Notes
References
- Party Division in the Senate, 1789-Present, via Senate.gov
References
- (February 8, 2022). "17th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution: Direct Election of U.S. Senators (1913)".
- "Our Campaigns - Container Detail Page".
- J. Fred Parker, Secretary of State. (1914). "Manual, with Rules and Orders, for the use of the General Assembly of the State of Rhode Island, 1914". E. L. Freeman Company, State Printers.
- (June 9, 1827). "STATE LEGISLATURE.: IN THE SENATE.". Christian Register.
- "Our Campaigns - MD US Senate Race - Jan 24, 1826".
- "Our Campaigns - MD US Senate Race - Jan 09, 1827".
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