1823 in the United States

::Henry Clay (DR-Kentucky) (starting December 1) - Congress: [17th](17th-united-states-congress) (until March 4), [18th](18th-united-states-congress) (starting March 4) #### State governments ::data[format=table] | Governors and lieutenant governors | |---| | | :: ## Events - February 3 – Jackson Male Academy, precursor of Union University, opens in Tennessee. - February 28 – *Johnson v. McIntosh* decided in the Marshall Court, a landmark Supreme Court decision relating to aboriginal title in the United States. - August 4 - Felipe Enrique Neri, Baron de Bastrop, the Mexican government administrator in charge of Anglo-American immigration into Mexico's state of Coahuila y Tejas, allows Stephen F. Austin to put together an 11-man police force, that will later be expanded to become the Texas Ranger Division. - August 9 – The Arikara War breaks out between the Arikara nation and the United States, the first American military conflict with the Plains Indians. - August 23 – Hugh Glass is attacked and mauled by a sow grizzly bear and left for dead in the Missouri Territory. He crawls 200 miles before reaching help, events depicted in *The Revenant* (2015 film). - September 22 – Joseph Smith first goes to the place near Manchester, New York, where the golden plates are stored, having been directed there by God through an angel (according to what he writes in 1838). - November 15 – Lone Horn succeeds (probably) his father, and becomes chief of the Minneconjou Sioux; he will be chief until his death on October 16, 1875. - December 2 – Monroe Doctrine: U.S. President James Monroe delivers a speech to the U.S. Congress, announcing a new policy of forbidding European interference in the Americas and establishing American neutrality in future European conflicts. - December 23 – The poem *A Visit From St. Nicholas*, attributed to Clement Clarke Moore, is first published. ### Undated - United States jurisprudence first affirms the enduring rights of indigenous landholders (tribal sovereignty). - Orford Parish of East Hartford, Connecticut separates and is incorporated as the Town of Manchester by a special act of the Connecticut General Assembly. - Middlebury College, Vermont, becomes the first U.S. institution of higher education to grant a bachelor's degree to an African American, graduating Alexander Twilight. - John Neal publishes *Seventy-Six*, the first American work of fiction to include the phrase "son-of-a-bitch." ### Ongoing - Era of Good Feelings (1817–1825) - A. B. plot (1823–1824) ## Births - January 23 – Dan Rice, clown (died [1900](1900-in-the-united-states)) - January 28 – Philip Spencer, founder of Chi Psi fraternity and midshipman aboard (died [1842](1842-in-the-united-states)) - February 3 – Spencer Fullerton Baird, zoologist (died [1887](1887-in-the-united-states)) - February 5 – Rachel Crane Mather, educator (died [1903](1903-in-the-united-states)) - March 23 – Schuyler Colfax, 17th vice president of the United States from 1869 to 1873 (died [1885](1885-in-the-united-states)) - April 1 – Simon Bolivar Buckner, soldier, politician and Confederate soldier (died [1914](1914-in-the-united-states)) - April 3 – William M. Tweed, politician (died [1878](1878-in-the-united-states)) - May 10 – John Sherman, 32nd United States Secretary of the Treasury, 35th United States Secretary of State (died [1900](1900-in-the-united-states)) - May 15 – Thomas Lake Harris, poet (died [1906](1906-in-the-united-states)) - May 22 – Solomon Bundy, politician (died [1889](1889-in-the-united-states)) - May 26 – William Pryor Letchworth, businessman and philanthropist (died [1910](1910-in-the-united-states)) - July 1 – Charles B. Farwell, U.S. Senator from Illinois from 1887 to 1891 (died [1903](1903-in-the-united-states)) - July 9 (date uncertain) – Phineas Gage, improbable head injury survivor (died [1860](1860-in-the-united-states)) - July 18 – Leonard Fulton Ross, Civil War general (died [1901](1901-in-the-united-states)) - July 24 – Arthur I. Boreman, U.S. Senator from West Virginia from 1869 to 1875 (died [1896](1896-in-the-united-states)) - August 3 – Thomas Francis Meagher, Civil War general (died [1867](1867-in-the-united-states)) - August 4 – Oliver P. Morton, U.S. Senator from Indiana from 1867 to 1877 (died [1877](1877-in-the-united-states)) - August 5 – Eliza Tibbets, mother of the California orange industry (died [1898](1898-in-the-united-states)) - August 15 – Orris S. Ferry, Civil War general and U.S. Senator from Connecticut from 1867 to 1875 (died [1875](1875-in-the-united-states)) - September 14 – Benjamin Harvey Hill, U.S. Senator from Georgia from 1877 to 1882 (died [1882](1882-in-the-united-states)) - September 15 – Hugh Buchanan, politician from Georgia (died [1890](1890-in-the-united-states)) - September 23 - James Black, temperance leader (died [1893](1893-in-the-united-states)) - Sara Jane Lippincott, author, poet, correspondent, lecturer and newspaper founder (died [1904](1904-in-the-united-states)) - September 27 - Frederick H. Billings, lawyer and financier (died [1890](1890-in-the-united-states)) - Augusta Harvey Worthen, author and educator (died [1910](1910-in-the-united-states)) - October 6 – George Henry Boker, poet, playwright and diplomat (died [1890](1890-in-the-united-states)) - November 16 – Henry G. Davis, politician (died [1916](1916-in-the-united-states)) - November 18 – Charles H. Bell, U.S. Senator from New Hampshire in 1879 (died [1893](1893-in-the-united-states)) - November 23 – Eliza Hendricks, Second Lady of the United States (died [1903](1903-in-the-united-states)) - November 25 – Henry Wirz, Confederate military officer, prisoner-of-war camp commander (died [1865](1865-in-the-united-states)) - December 22 – Thomas Wentworth Higginson, Unitarian minister and abolitionist (died [1911](1911-in-the-united-states)) - December 23 – Thomas W. Evans, dentist (died [1897 in France](1897-in-france)) - December 28 – Thomas A. Scott, businessman and politician, President of the Pennsylvania Railroad from 1874 to 1880 (died [1882](1881-in-the-united-states)) ## Deaths - January 21 – Gideon Olin, politician (born [1743](1743)) - April 18 – George Cabot, merchant, seaman and U.S. Senator from Massachusetts from 1791 to 1796 (born [1752](1752)) - April 23 – John Williams Walker, U.S. Senator from Alabama from 1819 to 1822 (born [1783](1783-in-the-united-states)) - September 28 – Charlotte Melmoth, tragic actress (born [1749 in Great Britain](1749-in-great-britain)) - October 8 – Martin D. Hardin, U.S. Senator from Kentucky from 1816 to 1817 (born [1780](1780-in-the-united-states)) ## References ## References 1. Utley, Robert M.. (2002). "Lone Star Justice: The First Century of the Texas Rangers". *Oxford University Press*. 2. ["Alexander Twilight"](http://oldstonehousemuseum.org/twilight-bio). *Orleans County Historical Society*. 3. Sears, Donald A.. (1978). "John Neal". *Twayne Publishers*. 4. (1904). "The Twentieth Century Biographical Dictionary of Notable Americans". *The Biographical Society*. ::callout[type=info title="Wikipedia Source"] This article was imported from [Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1823_in_the_United_States) and is available under the [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Content has been adapted to SurfDoc format. Original contributors can be found on the [article history page](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1823_in_the_United_States?action=history). ::