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1818–19 United States Senate elections

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FieldValue
election_name1818–19 United States Senate elections
countryUnited States
flag_year1818
typelegislative
ongoingno
previous_election1816–17 United States Senate elections
previous_year1816 & 1817
next_election1820–21 United States Senate elections
next_year1820 & 1821
seat_classClass 3
previous_seat_election1812–13 United States Senate elections
previous_seat_year1812 & 1813
next_seat_election1824–25 United States Senate elections
next_seat_year1824 & 1825
seats_for_election14 of the 42 seats in the United States Senate (plus special elections)
majority_seats22
election_dateDates vary by state
image_size100px
1blankSeats up
party1Democratic-Republican Party
last_election1**25 seats**
seats_before1**28**
seats1**14**
seats_after1**30**
seat_change13
1data111
party2Federalist Party
last_election213 seats
seats_before212
seats20
seats_after29
seat_change23
1data23
titleMajority Party
before_partyDemocratic-Republican Party
after_partyDemocratic-Republican Party
map_imageFile:1818senaterace.svg
map_caption**Results:**

The 1818–19 United States Senate elections were held on various dates in various states. As these U.S. Senate elections were prior to the ratification of the Seventeenth Amendment in 1913, senators were chosen by state legislatures. Senators were elected over a wide range of time throughout 1818 and 1819, and a seat may have been filled months late or remained vacant due to legislative deadlock. In these elections, terms were up for the senators in Class 3.

The Democratic-Republican Party gained two seats. The Federalists had only three seats being contested, of which they lost two and the third was left vacant due to a failure to elect.

Results summary

Senate party division, 16th Congress (1819–1821)

  • Majority party: Democratic-Republican (30–37)
  • Minority party: Federalist (9)
  • Vacant: 3–0
  • Total seats: 42–46

Change in composition

Before the elections

After the admission of Illinois.

F

Result of the general elections

F

Results of the 1819 special elections

FF
VVacant

|}

Race summaries

Special elections during the 15th Congress

In these special elections, the winners were seated during 1818 or before March 4, 1819; ordered by election date.

StateIncumbentResultsCandidatesSenatorPartyElectoral historyLouisiana
(Class 2)Massachusetts
(Class 1)Illinois
(Class 3)Illinois
(Class 2)Vermont
(Class 3)Georgia
(Class 2)
William C. C. ClaiborneDemocratic-
Republican[1817](1817-united-states-senate-election-in-louisiana)Incumbent died November 23, 1817.
New senator elected January 12, 1818.
Democratic-Republican hold.nowrap{{Plainlist
Eli P. AshmunFederalist[1816 (special)](1816-united-states-senate-special-election-in-massachusetts)Incumbent resigned May 10, 1818.
New senator elected June 5, 1818.
Federalist hold.nowrap{{Plainlist
None (new state)New state.
New senators elected October 7, 1818 on the first and third ballot.
Lots were drawn to assign them, respectively, to Classes 3 and 2.
The Class 3 senator had to run again for re-election in 1819; see below.
**Two Democratic-Republican gains.****First ballot:**
{{Plainlist
James FiskDemocratic-
Republican[1817 (special)](1817-united-states-senate-special-election-in-vermont)Incumbent resigned January 8, 1818 to serve as collector of customs for the district of Vermont.
New senator elected October 20, 1818 to finish the term.
Winner also elected to the following term, see below.
Democratic-Republican hold.nowrap{{Plainlist
George M. TroupDemocratic-
Republican[1816 (special)](1816-united-states-senate-special-election-in-georgia)
[1816](1816-united-states-senate-election-in-georgia)Incumbent resigned September 23, 1818.
New senator elected November 7, 1818 on the fourth ballot.
Democratic-Republican hold.nowrap{{Plainlist

Races leading to the 16th Congress

In these general elections, the winner was seated on March 4, 1819 (except where noted due to late election); ordered by state.

All of the elections involved the Class 3 seats.

StateIncumbentResultsCandidatesSenatorPartyElectoral
historyConnecticutGeorgiaIllinoisIndianaKentuckyLouisianaMarylandNew HampshireNew YorkNorth CarolinaOhioPennsylvaniaSouth CarolinaVermont
David DaggettFederalist[1813 (special)](1813-united-states-senate-special-election-in-connecticut)Incumbent lost re-election.
New senator elected October 22, 1818 on the third ballot.
**Democratic-Republican gain.**nowrap{{Plainlist
Charles TaitDemocratic-
Republican[1809 (special)](1809-united-states-senate-special-election-in-georgia)
[1813](1813-united-states-senate-election-in-georgia)Unknown if incumbent ran for re-election.
New senator elected November 11, 1818.
Democratic-Republican hold.nowrap{{Plainlist
Ninian EdwardsDemocratic-
Republican[1818](1818-united-states-senate-elections-in-illinois)Incumbent re-elected in early February 1819.nowrap{{Plainlist
Waller TaylorDemocratic-
Republican[1816](1816-united-states-senate-elections-in-indiana)Incumbent re-elected December 16, 1818.nowrap{{Plainlist
Isham TalbotDemocratic-
Republican[1814 (special)](1814-united-states-senate-special-election-in-kentucky)Unknown if incumbent ran for re-election.
New senator elected December 17, 1818.
Democratic-Republican hold.nowrap{{Plainlist
Eligius FromentinDemocratic-
Republican[1813](1813-united-states-senate-election-in-louisiana)Incumbent retired.
New senator elected on January 11, 1819, on the second ballot.
Democratic-Republican hold.nowrap{{Plainlist
Robert GoldsboroughFederalist[1813 (special)](1813-united-states-senate-special-election-in-maryland)Incumbent lost re-election.
Legislature [failed to elect](1819-united-states-senate-elections-in-maryland) and the seat became vacant.
Federalist loss.None.
Clement StorerDemocratic-
Republican[1817 (special)](1817-united-states-senate-special-election-in-new-hampshire)Unknown if incumbent ran for re-election.
New senator elected in 1818 on the third ballot.
Democratic-Republican hold.nowrap{{Plainlist
Rufus KingFederalist[1813](1813-united-states-senate-election-in-new-york)Incumbent ran for re-election.
Legislature [failed to elect](1819-1820-united-states-senate-election-in-new-york) and the seat became vacant.
Federalist loss.
Incumbent was later re-elected in 1820, late in the next Congress.nowrap{{Plainlist
Nathaniel MaconDemocratic-
Republican[1815 (special)](1815-united-states-senate-special-election-in-north-carolina)Incumbent re-elected in 1818.nowrap{{Plainlist
Jeremiah MorrowDemocratic-
Republican[1812](1812-united-states-senate-election-in-ohio)Incumbent retired.
New senator elected January 30, 1819 on the fourth ballot.
Democratic-Republican hold.nowrap{{Plainlist
Abner LacockDemocratic-
Republican[1812](1812-united-states-senate-election-in-pennsylvania)Incumbent retired.
New senator [elected](1818-united-states-senate-election-in-pennsylvania) December 8, 1818.
Democratic-Republican hold.nowrap{{Plainlist
John GaillardDemocratic-
Republican[1812](1812-united-states-senate-election-in-south-carolina)Incumbent re-elected in 1818.nowrap{{Plainlist
James FiskDemocratic-
Republican[1817 (special)](1817-united-states-senate-special-election-in-vermont)Incumbent resigned January 8, 1818 to serve as collector of customs for the district of Vermont.
New senator elected October 20, 1818.
Winner also elected to finish the term; see above.
Democratic-Republican hold.nowrap{{Plainlist

Special elections during the 16th Congress

In these special elections, the winners were seated in 1819 after March 4; ordered by election date. The new Congress was seated December 6, 1819, so some of these late-elected senators were seated after that.

StateIncumbentResultsCandidatesSenatorPartyElectoral historyTennessee
(Class 1)Georgia
(Class 2)Kentucky
(Class 2)Virginia
(Class 2)Alabama
(Class 2)Alabama
(Class 3)Maryland
(Class 3)Maryland
(Class 1)
John H. EatonDemocratic-
Republican1818 (appointed)Interim appointee elected October 9, 1819.nowrap{{Plainlist
John ForsythDemocratic-
Republican[1818 (special)](1818-united-states-senate-special-election-in-georgia)Incumbent resigned February 17, 1819 to become U.S. Minister to Spain.
New senator elected November 6, 1819.
Democratic-Republican hold.nowrap{{Plainlist
John CrittendenDemocratic-
Republican[1816](1816-united-states-senate-election-in-kentucky)Incumbent resigned March 3, 1819 to return to private practice.
New senator elected December 10, 1819.
Democratic-Republican hold.nowrap{{Plainlist
John EppesDemocratic-
Republican[1816](1816-united-states-senate-election-in-virginia)Incumbent resigned December 4, 1819 because of ill health.
New senator elected December 10, 1819.
Democratic-Republican hold.nowrap{{Plainlist
None (new state)New state.
New senator elected December 14, 1819.
**Democratic-Republican gain.**nowrap{{Plainlist
None (new state)New state.
New senator elected December 14, 1819.
**Democratic-Republican gain.**nowrap{{Plainlist
*Vacant*Legislature had failed to elect; see above.
New senator [elected](1819-united-states-senate-elections-in-maryland) late December 14, 1819 and qualified December 21, 1819.
**Democratic-Republican gain.**{{Plainlist
Alexander HansonFederalist[1816 (special)](1816-united-states-senate-special-elections-in-maryland)Incumbent died April 23, 1819.
New senator [elected](1819-united-states-senate-special-election-in-maryland) December 14, 1819 and qualified December 21, 1819.
**Democratic-Republican gain.**

Alabama

Connecticut

Georgia

Georgia (regular)

Georgia (specials)

Illinois

Indiana

Kentucky

Kentucky (regular)

Kentucky (special)

Louisiana

Louisiana (regular)

Louisiana (special)

Maryland

Main article: 1819 United States Senate special election in Maryland

Main article: 1819 United States Senate elections in Maryland

Due to both the Class 3 seat falling vacant at the normal end of the term and the Class 1 seat falling vacant due to the death of Alexander Contee Hanson, the legislature voted for both seats simultaneously. Edward Lloyd received the most votes and won the Class 3 seat. William Pinkney received the second-most votes and won the Class 1 seat.

Massachusetts (special)

New Hampshire

New York

Main article: 1819–1820 United States Senate election in New York

North Carolina

Ohio

Pennsylvania

South Carolina

Tennessee (special)

Vermont

Vermont (regular)

Vermont (special)

Virginia (special)

References

References

  1. (February 8, 2022). "17th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution: Direct Election of U.S. Senators (1913)".
  2. "Louisiana 1818 U.S. Senate, Special". [[Tufts University]].
  3. "Massachusetts 1818 U.S. Senate, Special". [[Tufts University]].
  4. Buck, Solon J.. (1917). "Illinois in 1818". [[University of Illinois Press]].
  5. "Illinois 1818 U.S. Senate". [[Tufts University]].
  6. "Illinois 1818 U.S. Senate, Ballot 2". [[Tufts University]].
  7. "Illinois 1818 U.S. Senate, Ballot 3". [[Tufts University]].
  8. "Vermont 1818 U.S. Senate". [[Tufts University]].
  9. "Georgia 1818 U.S. Senate, Special, Ballot 4". [[Tufts University]].
  10. "Connecticut 1818 U.S. Senate, Ballot 3". [[Tufts University]].
  11. "Georgia 1818 U.S. Senate". [[Tufts University]].
  12. "Illinois 1819 U.S. Senate". [[Tufts University]].
  13. "Indiana 1818 U.S. Senate". [[Tufts University]].
  14. "Kentucky 1818 U.S. Senate". [[Tufts University]].
  15. "Louisiana 1819 U.S. Senate, Ballot 2". [[Tufts University]].
  16. "New Hampshire 1818 U.S. Senate, Ballot 3". [[Tufts University]].
  17. "New York 1819 U.S. Senate". [[Tufts University]].
  18. "MACON, Nathaniel, (1757 - 1837)". [[Biographical Directory of the United States Congress]].
  19. "North Carolina 1818 U.S. Senate". [[Tufts University]].
  20. (1900). "Ohio in Congress from 1803 to 1901 with Notes and Sketches of Senators and Representatives and Other Historical Data and Incidents". The XX. Century Publishing Co..
  21. Cox, Harold. (January 31, 2007). "Pennsylvania Election Statistics: 1682-2006". [[Wilkes University]].
  22. "GAILLARD, John, (1765 - 1826)". [[Biographical Directory of the United States Congress]].
  23. "South Carolina 1818 U.S. Senate". [[Tufts University]].
  24. "Vermont 1818 U.S. Senate". [[Tufts University]].
  25. "Tennessee 1819 U.S. Senate". [[Tufts University]].
  26. "Georgia 1819 U.S. Senate, Special". [[Tufts University]].
  27. "Kentucky 1819 U.S. Senate". [[Tufts University]].
  28. "Virginia 1819 U.S. Senate, Special". [[Tufts University]].
  29. "Alabama 1819 U.S. Senate, Class 2". [[Tufts University]].
  30. "Alabama 1819 U.S. Senate, Class 3". [[Tufts University]].
  31. "Maryland 1819 U.S. Senate". [[Tufts University]].
  32. (August 30, 2004). "MD US Senate". Our Campaigns.
  33. "Our Campaigns - MD US Senate Race - Dec 14, 1819".
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