Ziziphus

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Genus of shrubsand trees

title: "Ziziphus" type: doc version: 1 created: 2026-02-28 author: "Wikipedia contributors" status: active scope: public tags: ["ziziphus", "rhamnaceae-genera", "taxa-named-by-philip-miller"] description: "Genus of shrubsand trees" topic_path: "general/ziziphus" source: "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ziziphus" license: "CC BY-SA 4.0" wikipedia_page_id: 0 wikipedia_revision_id: 0

::summary Genus of shrubsand trees ::

|image = Zizyphus zizyphus Ypey54.jpg |image_caption = Ziziphus jujuba, by Adolphus Ypey |taxon = Ziziphus |authority = Mill. (1754) |type_species = Ziziphus jujuba |type_species_authority = Mill. (1768), nom. cons. |subdivision_ranks = Species |subdivision = 68; see text |subdivision_ref = |synonyms =

  • Chloroxylum P.Browne (1756)
  • Jububa Bubani (1897)
  • Mansana J.F.Gmel. (1791)
  • Zizyphon St.-Lag. (1880), orth. var. |synonyms_ref =

Ziziphus is a genus of spiny shrubs and small trees in the buckthorn family, Rhamnaceae. It includes 68 species native to tropical and subtropical Africa, Eurasia, and Australia and tropical South America. The leaves are alternate, entire, with three prominent basal veins, and often aromatic. The flowers are small, inconspicuous yellow-green. The fruit is an edible drupe, often very sweet and sugary, reminiscent of a date in texture and flavour.

Well known species include the commonly cultivated Ziziphus jujuba (jujube), Ziziphus spina-christi from southwestern Asia, Ziziphus lotus from the Mediterranean region, and ber (Ziziphus mauritiana), which is found from western Africa to India.

Etymology

The genus name is derived via classical Latin from Hellenistic Greek, where it is presumed to have been borrowed from another language, perhaps from zizfum or zizafun, the Persian word for Z. lotus.

Ecology

Ziziphus species are used as food plants by the larvae of some Lepidoptera species including Bucculatrix zizyphella, which feeds exclusively on the genus, and Endoclita malabaricus.

Species are distributed throughout the world in tropical and warm temperate areas, from rain forests to deserts. Some species are evergreen, others are winter or drought deciduous.

Species adapted to dry climates are smaller and have oleifera cells that produce a fragrant aroma.

Uses

The temperate Ziziphus jujuba (Chinese jujube) and the tropical Ziziphus mauritiana (Indian Jujube) are economically important fruit trees.

In traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), suan zao ren (Ziziphus jujuba) is considered to be sweet and sour in taste, and neutral in action. It is believed to nourish the heart yin, augment the liver blood, and calm the spirit (TCM medical terms). It is used to treat irritability, insomnia and heart palpitations.

Mythology

The mythological lotus tree which occurs in Homer's Odyssey is often equated with Z. lotus.

The Islamic mythological lote tree of Seventh Heaven, the Sidrat al-Muntaha is often equated with either Ziziphus spina-christi.

Species

68 species are accepted.

Formerly placed here

Fossil species

Gallery

File:Ziziphus zizyphus foliage.jpg|Ziziphus jujuba foliage File:Ziziphus jujuba MS 2461.JPG|Dried fruits (azufaifas) in southern Spain of Ziziphus jujuba File:Azufaifas (fcm).jpg|Azufaifas from Almería File:Indian jujube (fruit).jpg|Ziziphus mauritiana File:Ziziphus oenoplia W IMG 3626.jpg|Ziziphus oenoplia in Shamirpet, Rangareddy district, Andhra Pradesh, India File:Ziziphus oenoplia W2 IMG 3624.jpg|Ziziphus oenoplia in Shamirpet, Rangareddy district, Andhra Pradesh, India File:Ziziphus spina-Christi.jpg|Ziziphus spina-christi File:Ziziphus caracutta syn Z xylopyra (Ghatbor) in Vanasthalipuram, Hyderabad, AP W IMG 9259.jpg|Ziziphus xylopyrus in Hyderabad, India File:Ziziphus caracutta syn Z xylopyra (Ghatbor) in Vanasthalipuram, Hyderabad, AP W IMG 9256.jpg|Ziziphus xylopyrus in Hyderabad, India File:Ziziphus caracutta syn Z xylopyra (Ghatbor) in Vanasthalipuram, Hyderabad, AP W IMG 9255.jpg|Ziziphus xylopyrus in Hyderabad, India File:Iran Zizyphus.JPG|Persian Zizyphus in Iran File:شکوفه درخت کنار، بهبهان.jpg|alt=Ziziphus Blossom in Behbahan, Iran|Ziziphus blossom in Behbahan, Iran File:میوه درخت کنار، بهبهان.jpg|alt=Ziziphus Fruit, Behbahan, Iran|Ziziphus fruit, Behbahan, Iran

References

References

  1. "Ziziphus Mill.". Missouri Botanical Database.
  2. "''Ziziphus'' Mill.".
  3. ''Sunset Western Garden Book,'' 1995:606–607
  4. Quattrocchi, Umberto. (2000). "CRC World Dictionary of Plant Names". Taylor & Francis US.
  5. "Suan Zao Ren - Sour Jujube Seed TCM Materia Medica".
  6. "Ziziphus jujuba, jujube | Trees of Stanford & Environs".
  7. "The Sidrah (Lote-Tree) and the Sidrat al-Muntaha (Lote-Tree of the Extremity) {{!}} Some Apects of their Islamic and Bābī-Bahā'ī intepretations".
  8. "Query Results for Genus Ziziphus". [[International Plant Names Index.
  9. "GRIN Species Records of Ziziphus". [[United States Department of Agriculture.
  10. "Classificação segundo a Flora brasiliensis".
  11. "Ziziphus species list". EFloras.
  12. The Biodiversity Committee of the [[Chinese Academy of Sciences]]. (September 2010). "Genus Ziziphus". Catalogue of Life China: 2008 Annual Checklist China.
  13. "Flora Europaea: ''Ziziphus'' query results". [[Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh]].
  14. {{ITIS
  15. (1930). "Geological Survey professional paper, Issue 165: Shorter Contributions to General Geology". US Govt. Printing Office.

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