Zabol

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City in Sistan and Baluchestan province, Iran

title: "Zabol" type: doc version: 1 created: 2026-02-28 author: "Wikipedia contributors" status: active scope: public tags: ["cities-in-sistan-and-baluchestan-province", "populated-places-in-zabol-county"] description: "City in Sistan and Baluchestan province, Iran" topic_path: "geography" source: "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zabol" license: "CC BY-SA 4.0" wikipedia_page_id: 0 wikipedia_revision_id: 0

::summary City in Sistan and Baluchestan province, Iran ::

::data[format=table title="Infobox settlement"]

FieldValue
official_nameZabol
other_nameZābul
native_name
settlement_typeCity
image_skylineداخل ارگ سکوهه.JPG
pushpin_mapIran#West Asia
pushpin_reliefyes
subdivision_typeCountry
subdivision_nameIran
subdivision_type1Province
subdivision_name1Sistan and Baluchestan
subdivision_type2County
subdivision_name2Zabol
subdivision_type3District
subdivision_name3Central
population_as_of2016
population_footnotes
population_urban134950
population_density_km2auto
timezoneIRST
utc_offset+3:30
coordinates
coordinates_footnotes
::

::callout[type=note] the city in Iran ::

| official_name = Zabol | other_name = Zābul | native_name = | settlement_type = City | image_skyline = داخل ارگ سکوهه.JPG | imagesize = | image_caption = | pushpin_map = Iran#West Asia | pushpin_relief = yes | mapsize = | subdivision_type = Country | subdivision_name = Iran | subdivision_type1 = Province | subdivision_name1 = Sistan and Baluchestan | subdivision_type2 = County | subdivision_name2 = Zabol | subdivision_type3 = District | subdivision_name3 = Central | leader_title = | leader_name = | established_title = | established_date = | area_total_km2 = | area_footnotes = | population_as_of = 2016 |population_footnotes = | population_urban = 134950 | population_metro = | population_est = | population_est_as_of = | population_density_km2 = auto | timezone = IRST | utc_offset = +3:30 | coordinates = |coordinates_footnotes = | elevation_m = | website = | area_code = | footnotes = | name =

Zabol () is a city in the Central District of Zabol County, Sistan and Baluchestan province, Iran, serving as capital of both the county and the district. Zabol is near the border with Afghanistan.

Demographics

Language and ethnicity

The people of Zabol are a mix of Persians who speak a variant of the Persian language known as Sistani or Seistani, and a small minority of Baloch who speak Balochi, a Northwestern Iranian language.

Population

At the time of the 2006 National Census, the city's population was 130,642 in 27,867 households. The 2011 census counted 137,722 people in 33,957 households. The 2016 census measured the population of the city as 134,950 people in 35,401 households.

Geography

Location

Zabol is located near Lake Hamun, in the endorheic Sīstān Basin, and the region is irrigated by the Helmand River. Lake Hamun is a seasonal lake that is often dry.

Zabol is connected by road to Milak and Zaranj (across the border in Afghanistan). The Delaram-Zaranj Highway provides road connectivity to the rest of Afghanistan. Zabol thus provides Afghanistan access to the Arabian Sea and Persian Gulf via the Port of Chabahar. Zabol has a regional airport.

Air pollution

::figure[src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/67/Afghanistan-Iran_border_in_Zaranj,_Afghanistan,_2011.jpg" caption="Trucks wait to cross into Iran at the Zaranj border crossing."] ::

The Zabol area is well known for its "120-day wind" (bād-e sad-o-bist-roz), a highly persistent dust storm in the summer which blows from north to south. The disappearance in the 2000s of the nearby Hamoun wetlands has exacerbated the dusty conditions in Zabol, leading the World Health Organization to name Zabol the most polluted city in the world in 2016. A 2017 study in the journal Preventive Medicine suggested that the harm from 30 minutes of cycling outdoors in Zabol's polluted air would outweigh the benefits of the exercise.

Climate

Zabol has a hot desert climate (Köppen climate classification BWh). |width = auto |location = Zabol (normals 1991-2020, extremes 1962–present) |metric first = Yes |single line = Yes |Jan record high C = 29.0 |Feb record high C = 32.8 |Mar record high C = 42.3 |Apr record high C = 45.9 |May record high C = 48.0 |Jun record high C = 50.8 |Jul record high C = 49.8 |Aug record high C = 51.0 |Sep record high C = 46.8 |Oct record high C = 42.6 |Nov record high C = 37.6 |Dec record high C = 29.0 |year record high C = 51.0 |Jan high C = 15.9 |Feb high C = 19.4 |Mar high C = 25.4 |Apr high C = 32.3 |May high C = 37.5 |Jun high C = 41.3 |Jul high C = 42.5 |Aug high C = 40.8 |Sep high C = 36.9 |Oct high C = 31.0 |Nov high C = 23.4 |Dec high C = 17.6 |year high C = |Jan mean C = 8.5 |Feb mean C = 11.6 |Mar mean C = 17.3 |Apr mean C = 23.9 |May mean C = 29.5 |Jun mean C = 33.6 |Jul mean C = 35.3 |Aug mean C = 33.6 |Sep mean C = 28.9 |Oct mean C = 22.3 |Nov mean C = 15.0 |Dec mean C = 9.7 |year mean C = |Jan low C = 2.1 |Feb low C = 4.8 |Mar low C = 9.9 |Apr low C = 16.1 |May low C = 21.7 |Jun low C = 26.2 |Jul low C = 28.7 |Aug low C = 27.2 |Sep low C = 21.7 |Oct low C = 14.7 |Nov low C = 7.9 |Dec low C = 3.0 |year low C = |Jan record low C = -12.0 |Feb record low C = -9.0 |Mar record low C = -2.2 |Apr record low C = 3.0 |May record low C = 7.2 |Jun record low C = 14.0 |Jul record low C = 19.0 |Aug record low C = 12.0 |Sep record low C = 6.0 |Oct record low C = 0.0 |Nov record low C = -4.0 |Dec record low C = -10.0 |year record low C = -12.0 |precipitation colour = green |Jan precipitation mm = 12.5 |Feb precipitation mm = 9.9 |Mar precipitation mm = 14.8 |Apr precipitation mm = 4.6 |May precipitation mm = 1.2 |Jun precipitation mm = 0.1 |Jul precipitation mm = 0.0 |Aug precipitation mm = 0.0 |Sep precipitation mm = 0.0 |Oct precipitation mm = 0.3 |Nov precipitation mm = 2.2 |Dec precipitation mm = 5.7 |year precipitation mm = | Jan snow cm = 0.4 | Feb snow cm = 0.1 | Mar snow cm = 0.0 | Apr snow cm = 0.0 | May snow cm = 0.0 | Jun snow cm = 0.0 | Jul snow cm = 0.0 | Aug snow cm = 0.0 | Sep snow cm = 0.0 | Oct snow cm = 0.0 | Nov snow cm = 0.0 | Dec snow cm = 0.0 | year snow cm = |unit precipitation days = 1.0 mm |Jan precipitation days = 2.2 |Feb precipitation days = 2.0 |Mar precipitation days = 2.8 |Apr precipitation days = 1.1 |May precipitation days = 0.4 |Jun precipitation days = 0.0 |Jul precipitation days = 0.0 |Aug precipitation days = 0.0 |Sep precipitation days = 0.0 |Oct precipitation days = 0.1 |Nov precipitation days = 0.8 |Dec precipitation days = 1.1 |year precipitation days = | Jan snow days =0.2 | Feb snow days =0 | Mar snow days =0 | Apr snow days =0 | May snow days =0 | Jun snow days =0 | Jul snow days =0 | Aug snow days =0 | Sep snow days =0 | Oct snow days =0 | Nov snow days =0 | Dec snow days =0 | year snow days = | Jan humidity =50 | Feb humidity =45 | Mar humidity =42 | Apr humidity =35 | May humidity =27 | Jun humidity =22 | Jul humidity =19 | Aug humidity =19 | Sep humidity =20 | Oct humidity =27 | Nov humidity =39 | Dec humidity =47 | year humidity = | Jan dew point C =-1.5 | Feb dew point C =-0.2 | Mar dew point C =3.4 | Apr dew point C =6.9 | May dew point C =7.7 | Jun dew point C =8.3 | Jul dew point C =8.4 | Aug dew point C =6.3 | Sep dew point C =2.9 | Oct dew point C =1.9 | Nov dew point C =0.6 | Dec dew point C =-1.5 | Jan light = 10.4 | Feb light = 11.1 | Mar light = 12 | Apr light = 12.9 | May light = 13.7 | Jun light = 14.1 | Jul light = 13.9 | Aug light = 13.2 | Sep light = 12.3 | Oct light = 11.4 | Nov light = 10.6 | Dec light = 10.2 | year light= | Jan uv =4 | Feb uv =5 | Mar uv =6 | Apr uv =7 | May uv =9 | Jun uv =9 | Jul uv =9 | Aug uv =8 | Sep uv =7 | Oct uv =6 | Nov uv =5 | Dec uv =3 |Jan sun = 211 |Feb sun = 209 |Mar sun = 232 |Apr sun = 265 |May sun = 314 |Jun sun = 327 |Jul sun = 334 |Aug sun = 326 |Sep sun = 303 |Oct sun = 291 |Nov sun = 240 |Dec sun = 218 |year sun = |source 1 = NOAA NCEI (snowfall and snow/sleet days for 1981-2010) |source 2 = Iran Meteorological Organization (records)*

  • Weather Atlas (UV index and daylight hours),{{cite web |url = https://www.weather-atlas.com/en/iran/zabol-climate |title = Monthly weather forecast and climate in Zabol, Iran |publisher = Weather Atlas |access-date = 11 January 2022 |date=March 2016}} Ogimet (April record high)

Colleges and universities

thumb|250px|Presidential Building of [[Zabol University]] The city is home to Zabol University, the largest university in the city, as well as the Zabol Medical Science University and the Sistan Museum of Anthropology.

  • Islamic Azad university, Zabol Branch
  • Payame-noor university of Zabol

Notes

References

References

  1. ((OpenStreetMap contributors)). (14 January 2025). "Zabol, Zabol County".
  2. Skrine, Clarmont. (1962). "World War In Iran". Constable & Company.
  3. {{GEOnet3. -3781433
  4. Habibi, Hassan. (5 March 2013). "Approval of the organization and chain of citizenship of the elements and units of the national divisions of Sistan and Baluchestan province, centered in the city of Zahedan". Ministry of the Interior, Defense Political Commission of the Government Board.
  5. "Census of the Islamic Republic of Iran, 1385 (2006): Sistan and Baluchestan Province". The Statistical Center of Iran.
  6. "Census of the Islamic Republic of Iran, 1390 (2011): Sistan and Baluchestan Province". The Statistical Center of Iran.
  7. "Census of the Islamic Republic of Iran, 1395 (2016): Sistan and Baluchestan Province". The Statistical Center of Iran.
  8. (May 12, 2016). "Which are the world's two most polluted cities – and why?". [[The Guardian]].
  9. Miles, Tom. (May 12, 2016). "Iranian, Indian cities ranked worst for air pollution". [[Reuters]].
  10. Van Mead, Nick. (February 13, 2017). "Tipping point: revealing the cities where exercise does more harm than good". [[The Guardian]].
  11. "World Meteorological Organization Climate Normals for 1991-2020: Zabol-40829". [[NOAA.
  12. "World Meteorological Organization Climate Normals for 1981-2010: Zabol-40829". [[NOAA.
  13. . (29 April 2025). ["40829: Zabol (Iran, Islamic Republic of)"](https://www.ogimet.com/cgi-bin/gsynres?lang=en&ind=40829&ano=2025&mes=4&day=29&hora=9&min=0&ndays=30). *OGIMET*.

::callout[type=info title="Wikipedia Source"] This article was imported from Wikipedia and is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License. Content has been adapted to SurfDoc format. Original contributors can be found on the article history page. ::

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