Xocó language
Extinct indigenous language of Brazil
title: "Xocó language" type: doc version: 1 created: 2026-02-28 author: "Wikipedia contributors" status: active scope: public tags: ["extinct-languages-of-south-america", "unclassified-languages-of-south-america", "indigenous-languages-of-northeastern-brazil"] description: "Extinct indigenous language of Brazil" topic_path: "linguistics" source: "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xocó_language" license: "CC BY-SA 4.0" wikipedia_page_id: 0 wikipedia_revision_id: 0
::summary Extinct indigenous language of Brazil ::
::data[format=table title="Infobox language"]
| Field | Value |
|---|---|
| name | Xocó |
| altname | Shoko |
| states | Brazil |
| region | Sergipe, Alagoas |
| ethnicity | Xokó |
| extinct | late 20th century |
| ref | e25 |
| familycolor | American |
| family | unclassified |
| iso3 | none |
| glotto | xoco1235 |
| glottoname | Xoco |
| nativename | Xokó |
| dia1 | Xokó |
| dia2 | Kariri-Xocó |
| dia3 | Xukuru-Kariri |
| (not clear if a single language) | |
| map | Xoco language map.svg |
| mapcaption | Map of the Xocó language. |
| :: |
| name = Xocó | altname = Shoko | states = Brazil | region = Sergipe, Alagoas | ethnicity = Xokó | extinct = late 20th century | ref = e25 | familycolor = American | family = unclassified | iso3 = none | glotto = xoco1235 | glottoname = Xoco | nativename = Xokó | dia1 = Xokó | dia2 = Kariri-Xocó | dia3 = Xukuru-Kariri (not clear if a single language) | map = Xoco language map.svg | mapcaption = Map of the Xocó language.
Xocó (Chocó, Shokó) is an extinct and poorly attested language or languages of Brazil that is not known to be related to other languages. It is known from three populations: Xokó (Chocó) in Sergipe, Rememberers persisted for some time after that.
It was originally spoken along the Piancó River is an area that is now a suburb of Porto Real do Colégio.
Xoco, Xukuru, and Kariri are all common generic names in the region. See Kariri languages.
Vocabulary
Pompeu (1958)
Chocó (Xocó) vocabulary collected in Colégio, Alagoas:
:{| class="wikitable" ! Portuguese gloss (original) !! English gloss (translated) !! Chocó |- | fogo || fire || atsá, tsá |- | água || water || taká |- | cachimbo || smoking pipe || pupú |- | homem || man || mãjikêô |}
Loukotka (1968) transcribes 'man' as mazyikeːoː.
Meader (1978)
Five Xukuru-Kariri word lists collected by Menno Kroeker in Alagoas in 1961 are published in Meader (1978).
Words recorded from an elderly male pajé (shaman) in Porto Real do Colégio:
:{| class="wikitable sortable" ! Portuguese gloss (original) !! English gloss (translated) !! Xukuru-Kariri |- | chuva || rain || sèhóιdzˈὲʔà |- | fumo || smoke || bˈázè |- | lua || moon || kˈriũavi |- | mandioca || manioc || gˈrïgɔ |- | menino || boy || semˈentiais |- | mulher || woman || spˈikwais |- | rio || river || oːpˈara |- | sol || sun || kràšùtˈó |- | terra || earth || aːtsιhˈi |- | vento || wind || mə̀núsˈi |- | batata || potato || dˈódsákà |- | cachimbo || smoking pipe || catʔokə |- | Colégio (cidade) || Colégio (city) || simidˈo |- | deus || God || sõsˈeh |- | dinheiro || money || mεrεkiˈa |- | farinha || flour || tˈónà |- | feijão || bean || nˈódsákà |- | gado || cattle || krˈazɔ |- | galinha || chicken || cáːkìʔ |- | luz || light || kápˈòèr |- | ovelha || sheep || sábˈòèR |- | peru || turkey || brεfˈεlia |- | porco || pig || korˈe |- | soldado || soldier || òlˈófò |}
Words recorded from Alfredo Caboquim, a pajé (shaman), and his brother Miguel Caboquim in Fazenda Conta, Palmeira dos Índios, Alagoas:
:{| class="wikitable sortable" ! Portuguese gloss (original) !! English gloss (translated) !! Xukuru-Kariri |- | carne de boi || beef || ˈbeiñõ |- | chuva || rain || šualya |- | dê-me fogo para o cigarro || Give me fire for the cigarette. || àòšˈínòʔ ìnˈísìà sˈèdàià |- | lua / moça || moon / girl || seːya |- | mãe || mother || isá |- | milho || corn || matˈilya |- | não (mentira) || no (lie) || eːyo |- | nariz || nose || nˈəmbi |- | pai || dad || étfˈὲ |- | anzol || fish hook || èáyˈɔ̀ / alyɔ (?) |- | batata || potato || dˈotsakə |- | bebida de mandioca || manioc drink || gúlížˈɔ̀ (gálížˈɔ̀) |- | bode || goat || filˈisakə |- | boi || ox || léfétˈìa |- | cachorro || dog || it(ə)lˈo |- | cachorro de brinquedo || toy dog || ìt(ə)lˈó tə̀núnšweˈì |- | dança indígena || indigenous dance || áʔálˈèndà |- | deus || God || àʔúdéódályˈà |- | estrangeiro || foreigner, stranger || kóbˈè |- | farinha || flour || tititsia |- | feijão || bean || nˈatsakə |- | folga dos índios || indigenous holiday || arikulilyˈa / kèːšátíkáˈya (?) |- | fumando cachimbo || to smoke a pipe || puèpùˈa |- | galinha || chicken || sˈetˈáduàlyà |- | gato || cat || atašeškia |- | índia || indigenous woman || sétsˈòníká |- | lagarto || lizard || šˈua atˈežo / tˈeyu (?) |- | mulato || mulatto || mulatι̃nkya |- | negro || black person || tùpíə̃̀nkyà |- | padre || father || ĩŋklaˈišoa |- | (pausa) – considerando as palavras || pause (when thinking of words) || ə̃hə̃ |- | peru || turkey || aotˈisakə |- | porco || pig || àːlˈé |- | praia (?) || beach (?) || práiˈà |- | quarto de homem || men's quarters || subεbˈe |- | como vai? || How are you? || àkàkˈáumà |- | vou bem, obrigado || I am fine, thank you. || íkàkˈə́ |- | senhor || sir || ˈĩŋklai |- | vamos embora || Let's go. || òːšˈóuà |- | homem mais velho || older man || tošˈa / aošιnə̃ŋklainšoa taškiˈa |}
Words recorded from an elderly farmer in Fazenda Conta, Palmeira dos Índios, Alagoas:
:{| class="wikitable sortable" ! Portuguese gloss (original) !! English gloss (translated) !! Xukuru-Kariri |- | água || water || oiyˈa |- | carne de boi || beef || aòtˈísiə̀ |- | fogo || fire || tóˈè |- | aguardente || aguardente || kóšákˈà |- | bode || goat || sákúlˈὲ, sákúlˈègò |- | bonito || beautiful || atilišˈĩ |- | brancos || white people || ə̃́nkláʔˈì |- | cabelo crespo (de negro) || curly hair (of black people) || tuʔˈĩ |- | café || coffee || tópˈì |- | cigarro || cigarette || àlísíˈàx |- | índio || indigenous man / person || sέtsˈò |- | mãe de Jesus || mother of Jesus (Virgin Mary) || kwə́ntópˈə̃̀ atoayˈə |- | negra || black man || (i)atuayˈa |- | negro || black woman || túpíyˈà |- | porco || pig || šíə̃̀ntì |- | tatu || armadillo || rṍmpˈə̀tì |}
Words recorded from João Candido da Silva, a young farmer in Fazenda Conta, Palmeira dos Índios, Alagoas:
:{| class="wikitable" ! Portuguese gloss (original) !! English gloss (translated) !! Xukuru-Kariri |- | fumo || smoke || šíšúˈà |- | dança || dance || arikurˈi |- | deus || God || dédùˈá / íŋklàˈíx / sεtisoadažui |}
Words recorded from José Fermino da Silva of Palmeira dos Índios, Alagoas:
:{| class="wikitable sortable" ! Portuguese gloss (original) !! English gloss (translated) !! Xukuru-Kariri |- | água || water || óiyˈàh |- | fogo para o cigarro || fire for cigarette || tòˈéh asendendisi / tòˈéh pàrə̀nsˈíáx |- | batata || potato || dˈótsákà |- | branco || white person || kràiʔˈé |- | caboclo || caboclo || sǽtsˈùx |- | cachimbo || smoking pipe || pua / pue |- | deus || God || dèdˈúa |- | feijão || bean || nˈótsákà |- | negra || black || kòbˈéh |- | obrigado || thank you || bèréˈɔ́ |- | pau (claraíba) || claraíba tree || frˈéžɔ̀ìž |- | pau (d'arco) || Tabebuia tree || paìpˈέ |}
References
References
- Antunes, Clóvis. (1973). "Wakona - Kariri - Xukuru : Aspectos sócio-antropológicos dos remanescentes indígenas de Alagoas".
- Loukotka, Čestmír. (1968). "Classification of South American Indian languages". UCLA Latin American Center.
- Pompeu Sobrinho, Thomaz. 1958. ''Línguas Tapuias desconhecidas do Nordeste: Alguns vocabulários inéditos''. Boletim de Antropologia (Fortaleza-Ceará) 2. 3-19.
- Meader, Robert E.. (1978). "Indios do Nordeste: Levantamento sobre os remanescentes tribais do nordeste brasileiro". [[SIL International]].
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