X mark
Symbol with multiple meanings
title: "X mark" type: doc version: 1 created: 2026-02-28 author: "Wikipedia contributors" status: active scope: public tags: ["cross-symbols", "mathematical-symbols", "typographical-symbols"] description: "Symbol with multiple meanings" topic_path: "general/cross-symbols" source: "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/X_mark" license: "CC BY-SA 4.0" wikipedia_page_id: 0 wikipedia_revision_id: 0
::summary Symbol with multiple meanings ::
::figure[src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/09/Uida_mapa.jpg" caption="wrecked]] ''[[Whydah Gally]]'' in [[Cape Cod"] ::
An X mark (also known as an ex mark or a cross mark or simply an X or ex or a cross) is either used to indicate the concept of negation (for example "no, this has not been verified", "no, that is not the correct answer" or "no, I do not agree"), or indicate affirmation (for example, in election ballot papers, legal documents, or maps as an x-marks-the-spot). When used to mean "no," its opposite is often considered to be the O mark used in Japan and Korea or the check mark (✓) used in the West. When used to mean "yes," it is often completely interchangeable with a check mark. In Japanese, the X mark (❌) is called "batsu" (ばつ) and can be expressed by someone by crossing their arms.
It is also used as a replacement for a signature for a person who is blind or illiterate and thus cannot write their name. Typically, the writing of an X used for this purpose must be witnessed to be valid.
Contrary to the negation or negative perception delegated to the letter X, there is a significant resilience in the usage displayed by the letter's placement. This unique letter is also recognized as the symbol of multiplicity, the Roman numerical symbol for 10, and also the mark of a forgotten treasure. As a verb, to X (or ex) off/out or to cross off/out means to add such a mark. It is quite common, especially on printed forms and document, for there to be squares in which to place x marks, or interchangeably checks.
It is traditionally used on maps to indicate locations, most famously on treasure maps. It is also used as a set of three to mark jugs of moonshine for having completed all distillation steps, while additionally signifying its potency (as high as 150 proof) relative to legal spirits, which rarely exceed 80 proof (40% ABV).
Among Native Americans in the 18th and 19th centuries, the X mark was used as a signature to denote presence or approval, particularly regarding agreements and treaties.
In the 21st century, the X mark started to be used to indicate collaborations between fashion brands.
Unicode
Unicode provides various related symbols, including: ::data[format=table] | Symbol || Unicode Code point (hex) || Name | |---| | ☐ | | ☒ | | ✗ | | ✘ | ::
The mark is generally rendered with a less symmetrical form than the following cross-shaped symbols: ::data[format=table] | Symbol || Unicode Code point (hex) || Name | |---| | X | | x | | × | | Χ | | χ | | Х | | х | | ⌧ | | ╳ | | ☓ | | ✕ | | ✖ | | ❌ | | ❎ | | ⨉ | | ⨯ | | 𝑥 | | 𝓍 | | 🗙 | | 🗴 | | 🞨 | | 🞩 | | 🞪 | | 🞫 | | 🞬 | | 🞭 | | 🞮 | ::
Footnotes
References
- "What is Maru Batsu?".
- (December 2, 2013). "Notarizing for Blind and Illiterate Individuals". American Association of Notaries.
- "Definition of X at Merriam-Webster". Merriam-Webster, Inc..
- Lyons, Scott Richard. ''X-Marks: Native Signatures of Assent''. NED-New edition, University of Minnesota Press, 2010. ''JSTOR'', http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.5749/j.ctttt4rt . Accessed 9 Dec. 2023.
- (4 Dec 2018). "When Every Brand Has a Collaboration, How Do You Make Yours Stand Out? Here Are 10 Lessons for 2019". Vogue.
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