White-fronted chat

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title: "White-fronted chat" type: doc version: 1 created: 2026-02-28 author: "Wikipedia contributors" status: active scope: public tags: ["epthianura", "birds-of-south-australia", "birds-of-tasmania", "endemic-birds-of-australia", "birds-described-in-1828", "taxonomy-articles-created-by-polbot"] description: "Species of bird" topic_path: "geography/australia" source: "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White-fronted_chat" license: "CC BY-SA 4.0" wikipedia_page_id: 0 wikipedia_revision_id: 0

::summary Species of bird ::

| name = White-fronted chat | image = Epthianura albifrons male - Orielton Lagoon.jpg | image_caption = male | image2 = Epthianura albifrons - Orielton Lagoon.jpg | image2_caption = female | status = LC | status_system = IUCN3.1 | status_ref = | genus = Epthianura | species = albifrons | authority = (Jardine & Selby, 1828) |synonyms_ref = | synonyms = Acanthiza albifrons Jardine & Selby

Fluvicola leucocephala Lesson

Cinura torquata Brehm

The white-fronted chat (Epthianura albifrons) is a species of bird in the honeyeater family Meliphagidae native to southern Australia. The male has a white face bordered by a black breast band. It is insectivorous.

Taxonomy

Sir Willam Jardine and P.J.Selby described the white-fronted chat in 1828 as Acanthiza albifrons.

The species is monotypic; that is, no subspecies are recognised. Tasmanian birds were thought to have longer bills but this has not been borne out on further investigation.

This species has collected many vernacular names. From its distinctive call were derived the names (banded) tintack, gar and tang, and the males' resemblance to a nun's habit led to the name (white-fronted) nun, and similarly moonface, moonbird, baldyhead, baldy, ringneck, ringlet and singlebar also come from its appearance.

Description

Adult white-fronted chats are 11 – in length and weigh 11 -. The male has a white face and breast bordered by a black band across the breast and nape to the hind crown. The upperparts are silver-grey, wings and upper tail coverts are dark brown, and the abdomen is white.

The contact call, a metallic tang sound given in flight at irregular intervals, has been likened to the twanging of a rubber band.

Distribution and habitat

The white-fronted chat is endemic to Australia, being found across southern Australia (including Tasmania) from Shark Bay in Western Australia around to the Darling Downs in Queensland. Its preferred habitat is open country with low vegetation, including samphire (Tecticornia), tea-tree (Melaleuca) and heath, in saltmarshes and coastal dunes, in swamp or mangrove margins and around inland salt lakes. It is generally sedentary in the wetter southern part of its range, though it may be nomadic in more arid areas.

Behaviour

The white-fronted chat is usually conspicuous, perching prominently on bushes, tussocks or fences. However, it is quite secretive in approaching the nest, engaging in distraction displays. They are a gregarious species, often nesting in small colonies.

Breeding

In the breeding season from June to January, the female builds a cup-shaped nest of grasses and twigs, lined with fine grass, feathers, wool and hair, which is well concealed in a tussock or a low shrub. A clutch of 2 to 4 eggs is incubated by both parents for 13–14 days. The eggs measure 17 x and are white, spotted with reddish-brown at the large end. The chicks are fed by both parents and fledge after 10–15 days. The nests are occasionally parasitised by Horsfield's bronze-cuckoo (Chrysococcyx basalis).

Feeding

The white-fronted chat usually forages singly or in small parties, seeking insects in low bushes or on the ground. Their diet consists of a wide variety of insects, including beetles, ants, bees, grasshoppers, moths and caterpillars, as well as spiders, acacia seeds, and nectar.

Conservation status

The white-fronted chat has been listed as vulnerable in New South Wales, with a significant decline of 65% recorded for the period 1981–2005. It is considered threatened in the Adelaide-Mount Lofty region of South Australia, where it has become much rarer. However, it is listed globally as Least Concern on the IUCN Red List.

References

References

1. BirdLife International. (2016). "''Epthianura albifrons''".
2. ((Department of the Environment, Water, Heritage and the Arts)). (30 August 2011). "Species Epthianura (Epthianura) albifrons (Jardine & Selby, 1828)". Commonwealth of Australia.
3. Jobling, James A.. (2010). "Helm Dictionary of Scientific Bird-names".
4. (1999). "The Directory of Australian Birds: Passerines". CSIRO Publishing.
5. Fraser, Ian. (2013). "Australian Bird Names; a complete guide". CSIRO Publishing.
6. Matthew, J. and E. de Juana (2020). "White-fronted Chat (Epthianura albifrons), version 1.0." In ''Birds of the World'' (J. del Hoyo, A. Elliott, J. Sargatal, D. A. Christie, and E. de Juana, Editors). Cornell Lab of Ornithology, Ithaca, NY, USA. https://doi.org/10.2173/bow.whfcha1.01
7. Morcombe, Michael (2012) ''Field Guide to Australian Birds''. Pascal Press, Glebe, NSW. Revised edition. {{ISBN. 978174021417-9
8. 067087918-5.
9. Slater, Peter. (1974). "A Field Guide to Australian Birds:Passerines". Rigby.
10. Jenner, B., French, K., Oxenham, K. and Major, R.E. (2011). "Population decline of the White-fronted Chat (Epthianura albifrons) in New South Wales, Australia." ''Emu''111: 84–91.
11. Major, Richard. (28 February 2011). "White-fronted Chat Epthianura albifrons (Jardine & Selby, 1828) - vulnerable species listing". NSW Govt Office of Environment and Heritage.
12. (May 2008). "Epthianura albifrons". Department for Conservation and Heritage, SA Government.

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