Vireo (genus)

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Genus of birds

title: "Vireo (genus)" type: doc version: 1 created: 2026-02-28 author: "Wikipedia contributors" status: active scope: public tags: ["vireo-(genus)", "bird-genera", "taxa-named-by-louis-pierre-vieillot"] description: "Genus of birds" topic_path: "general/vireo-genus" source: "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vireo_(genus)" license: "CC BY-SA 4.0" wikipedia_page_id: 0 wikipedia_revision_id: 0

::summary Genus of birds ::

| image =Chivi Vireo, Carlsen Field, Trinidad (34888074290).jpg | image_caption = Chivi vireo (Vireo chivi) | taxon = Vireo | authority = Vieillot, 1808 | type_species=Muscicapa novaeboracensis = Tanagra grisea | type_species_authority = Boddaert, 1783 | subdivision_ranks = Species | subdivision = See text Vireo is a genus of small passerine birds restricted to the New World. Vireos typically have dull greenish plumage (hence the name, from Latin virere, "to be green"), but some are brown or gray on the back and some have bright yellow underparts. They resemble wood warblers apart from their slightly larger size and heavier bills, which in most species have a very small hook at the tip. The legs are stout.

Most species fall into two plumage groups: one with wing bars and yellow or white eye rings, and one with unmarked wings and eye stripes; however, the Chocó vireo has both wing bars and eye stripes.

Sexes are alike in all species except for the black-capped vireo, in which the male's crown is black and the female's is gray.

Taxonomy

The genus Vireo was introduced in 1808 by the French ornithologist Louis Pierre Vieillot. The type species was subsequently designated as the white-eyed vireo (Vireo griseus) by German ornithologist Hans Friedrich Gadow in 1883. The word vireo was used by Latin authors for a small, green, migratory bird, probably a Eurasian golden oriole, but a European greenfinch has also been suggested.

Feeding

All members of the genus mostly eat insects and other arthropods, but also eat some fruit. A common pattern is arthropods in summer and fruit in winter. Vireos take prey from leaves and branches and in midair, and the gray vireo takes 5% of its prey from the ground.

Range and territorial behavior

Most species are found in Central America and northern South America. Thirteen species occur farther north, in the United States, Canada, and Bermuda; of these, all but Hutton's vireo are migratory. Vireos seldom fly long distances except in migration.

The resident species occur in pairs or family groups that maintain territories all year (except Hutton's vireo, which joins mixed feeding flocks). Most of the migrants defend winter territories against conspecifics. The exceptions are the complex comprising the red-eyed vireo, the yellow-green vireo, the black-whiskered vireo, and the Yucatan vireo, which winter in small, wandering flocks.

Voice and breeding

Males of most species are persistent singers. Songs are usually rather simple, ranging from monotonous, in some species of the Caribbean littoral and islands, to elaborate and pleasant to human ears in the Chocó vireo. Calls often include "scolding chatters and mews".

::figure[src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/21/SolitaryVireo23.jpg" caption="incubation]], spelled by the male except in the red-eyed vireo complex."] ::

The eggs are whitish; all but the black-capped and dwarf vireos have sparse, fine brown or red-brown spots at the wide end. Tropical species lay two, while temperate-zone species lay four or five. Incubation lasts 11 to 13 days, and the young fledge after the same amount of time. Both sexes feed the nestlings arthropods, and each fledgeling is fed by one parent or the other (not both) for as long as 20 days.

Species

The genus contains 34 species: ::data[format=table]

GroupImageScientific nameCommon nameDistributionThe "hypochryseus" groupThe "olivaceous" groupThe "gilvus" groupThe "eye-ringed" group
[[File:Golden Vireo.jpg120px]]Golden vireoVireo hypochryseusMexico
[[File:Yellow-green Vireo - Carara - Costa Rica S4E0062 (26670622936).jpg120px]]Yellow-green vireoVireo flavoviridissouthern Texas, Mexico (the Sierra Madre Occidental and Sierra Madre Oriental—also the Cordillera Neovolcanica) south to central Panama
[[File:Red-eyed Vireo (8577463371).jpg120px]]Red-eyed vireoVireo olivaceusCanada and the eastern and northwestern United States, Argentina, Uruguay, Paraguay and Bolivia
[[File:Yucatan Vireo (6842666740).jpg120px]]Yucatan vireoVireo magisterBelize, Honduras, Mexico
[[File:Vireo altiloquus Martinique.jpg120px]]Black-whiskered vireoVireo altiloquussouthern Florida, USA, and the West Indies as far south as the offshore islands of Venezuela
[[File:Vireo chivi, Vale do Ribeira, Registro, Sao Paolo, Brasil.jpg120px]]Chivi vireoVireo chivinortheastern Colombia, into Venezuela and the entirety of the Guianas into eastern Brazil
[[File:Vireo gracilirostris - Noronha vireo.jpg120px]]Noronha vireoVireo gracilirostrisFernando de Noronha, Brazil
Tepui vireoVireo sclateriwestern Guyana and northern Brazil
[[File:Philadelphia Vireo (14067191614).jpg120px]]Philadelphia vireoVireo philadelphicusCanada to Central America
[[File:Warbling Vireo 0800vv.jpg120px]]Warbling vireoVireo gilvusAlaska to Mexico and the Florida Panhandle
[[File:Brown-capped Vireo - South Ecuador S4E8717 (22991156292).jpg120px]]Brown-capped vireoVireo leucophrysSouthern Mexico south to northwestern Bolivia
[[File:Hutton's Vireo 4842.jpg120px]]Hutton's vireoVireo huttonisouthern British Columbia in Canada to central Guatemala in Central America
[[File:Vireo vicinior.jpg120px]]Gray vireoVireo viciniorsouthwestern United States and northern Baja California to western Texas
[[File:Yellow-throated Vireo by Dan Pancamo 1.jpg120px]]Yellow-throated vireoVireo flavifronssouthern United States, Mexico, the Caribbean, and Central America
[[File:Yellow-winged Vireo (Vireo carmioli) (5772476424) (cropped).jpg120px]]Yellow-winged vireoVireo carmioliCosta Rica and western Panama
[[File:Vireo masteri 17620880 (cropped).jpg120px]]Choco vireoVireo masteriwestern Colombia and north-west Ecuador
[[File:Vireo solitarius Sam Smith Park Toronto.jpg120px]]Blue-headed vireoVireo solitariusCanada and northern United States
[[File:Cassin's Vireo Las Cruces.jpg120px]]Cassin's vireoVireo cassiniisouthern British Columbia in Canada through the western coastal states of the United States.
[[File:Plumbeous Vireo DSC 8172vv.jpg120px]]Plumbeous vireoVireo plumbeussoutheastern Montana and western South Dakota south to the Pacific coast of Mexico
[[File:Blue Mountain Vireo (Vireo osburni) (6499241641).jpg120px]]Blue Mountain vireoVireo osburniJamaica
[[File:Vireo nanus imported from iNaturalist photo 58199583 on 3 April 2021.jpg120px]]Flat-billed vireoVireo nanusHispaniola
[[File:Vireo pallens.jpg120px]]Mangrove vireoVireo pallensBelize, Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico, and Nicaragua
[[File:Providencia Vireo imported from iNaturalist photo 14639954 on 29 February 2024.jpg120px]]Providencia vireoVireo approximansIsla de Providencia
[[File:Vireo_bairdi_264382156.jpg120px]]Cozumel vireoVireo bairdiMexico
[[File:San Andres Vireo (Vireo caribaeus) (cropped).jpg120px]]San Andres vireoVireo caribaeusislands of St. Andrew (or San Andrés) and Providencia
[[File:Edit white-eyed vireo blandair 4.20.20 DSC 0224.jpg120px]]White-eyed vireoVireo griseuseastern United States from New England west to northern Missouri and south to Texas and Florida, and also in eastern Mexico, northern Central America, Cuba and the Bahamas
[[File:Thick-billed Vireo on twig.jpg120px]]Thick-billed vireoVireo crassirostrisWest Indies in the Bahamas, Turks and Caicos Islands, Cayman Islands, Tortuga Island in Haiti and Cuba
Jamaican vireoVireo modestusJamaica
[[File:Cuban Vireo - Cuba S4E0897 (22991166932).jpg120px]]Cuban vireoVireo gundlachiiCuba
[[File:Bell's Vireo (34056428355).jpg120px]]Bell's vireoVireo belliiWestern North America and Central America
[[File:Vireo latimeri 184651046.jpg120px]]Puerto Rican vireoVireo latimeriPuerto Rico
[[File:Black-capped Vireo - Texas - Usa H8O1970 (22978591836).jpg120px]]Black-capped vireoVireo atricapillasouth from south-central Kansas through central Oklahoma and Texas to central Coahuila, Mexico
[[File:Dwarf Vireo (Vireo nelsoni).jpg120px]]Dwarf vireoVireo nelsoniMexico
[[File:Slaty Vireo - Oaxaca - Mexico S4E9941 (22586261657).jpg120px]]Slaty vireoVireo brevipennissouthern Mexico
::

References

References

  1. . ["Vireonidae"](https://www.aviansystematics.org/4th-edition-checklist?viewfamilies=145). *The Trust for Avian Systematics*.
  2. Salaman, Paul. (2003). "The Firefly Encyclopedia of Birds". Firefly Books.
  3. Howell, Stephen N. G.. (1995). "A Guide to the Birds of Mexico and Northern Central America". Oxford University Press.
  4. Vieillot, Louis Jean Pierre. (1808). "Histoire naturelle des oiseaux de l'Amérique Septentrionale : contenant un grand nombre d'espèces décrites ou figurées pour la première fois". Chez Desray.
  5. (1883). "Catalogue of the Passeriformes or Perching Birds in the Collection of the British Museum.". Trustees of the British Museum.
  6. (1968). "Check-list of Birds of the World". Museum of Comparative Zoology.
  7. Jobling, James A.. (2010). "The Helm Dictionary of Scientific Bird Names". Christopher Helm.
  8. [http://www.audubon.bm/birding/bermuda-birds/115-white-eyed-vireo White-eyed vireo] {{Webarchive. link. (2018-12-30 , [[Audubon Society]] of Bermuda)
  9. (2019). "Shrikes, vireos, shrike-babblers". International Ornithologists' Union.

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