Violaxanthin

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title: "Violaxanthin" type: doc version: 1 created: 2026-02-28 author: "Wikipedia contributors" status: active scope: public tags: ["carotenoids", "epoxides", "food-colorings", "tetraterpenes"] topic_path: "general/carotenoids" source: "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Violaxanthin" license: "CC BY-SA 4.0" wikipedia_page_id: 0 wikipedia_revision_id: 0

| Watchedfields = changed | verifiedrevid = 444245760 | Reference = | ImageFile =violaxanthin.svg | ImageSize =250px | IUPACName = (3S,3′S,5R,5′R,6S,6′S)-5,6:5′,6′-Diepoxy-5,5′,6,6′-tetrahydro-β,β-carotene-3,3′-diol | SystematicName = (1R,1′R,3S,3′S,6S,6′S)-6,6′-[(1E,3E,5E,7E,9E,11E,13E,15E,17E)-3,7,12,16-Tetramethyloctadeca-1,3,5,7,9,11,13,15,17-nonaene-1,18-diyl]bis(1,5,5-trimethyl-7-oxabicyclo[4.1.0]heptan-3-ol) | OtherNames = |Section1={{Chembox Identifiers | CASNo_Ref = | CASNo =126-29-4 | UNII_Ref = | UNII = 51C926029A | PubChem =448438 | ChemSpiderID_Ref = | ChemSpiderID = 395237 | ChEBI_Ref = | ChEBI = 35288 | SMILES =C\C(=C/C=C/C=C(\C)/C=C/C=C(\C)/C=C/[C@]12C(CC@@HO)(C)C)\C=C\C=C(/C)\C=C[C@]34C(CC@@HO)(C)C | StdInChI_Ref = | StdInChI =1S/C40H56O4/c1-29(17-13-19-31(3)21-23-39-35(5,6)25-33(41)27-37(39,9)43-39)15-11-12-16-30(2)18-14-20-32(4)22-24-40-36(7,8)26-34(42)28-38(40,10)44-40/h11-24,33-34,41-42H,25-28H2,1-10H3/b12-11+,17-13+,18-14+,23-21+,24-22+,29-15+,30-16+,31-19+,32-20+/t33-,34-,37+,38+,39-,40-/m0/s1 | StdInChIKey_Ref = | StdInChIKey = SZCBXWMUOPQSOX-WVJDLNGLSA-N |Section2={{Chembox Properties | C=40 | H=56 | O=4 | Appearance =Orange crystals | Density = | MeltingPtC = 200 | BoilingPt = | Solubility = |Section3={{Chembox Hazards | MainHazards = | FlashPt = | AutoignitionPt =

Violaxanthin is a xanthophyll pigment with an orange color found in a variety of plants. Violaxanthin is the product of the epoxidation of zeaxanthin where the oxygen atoms are from reactive oxygen species (ROS). Such ROS's arise when a plant is subject to solar radiation so intense that the light cannot all be absorbed by the chlorophyll.

Food coloring

Violaxanthin is used as a food coloring under the E number E161e and INS number 161e. The coloring is not approved for use in food in the EU or the United States, but is allowed in Australia and New Zealand.

Violaxanthin cycle

Violaxanthin is a participant in the violaxanthin cycle. :[[File:Violaxanthin cycle.png|thumb|left|500px|The xanthophyll cycle]]

References

References

  1. ''[[Merck Index]]'', 11th Edition, '''9902'''.
  2. (2021). "Dissipation of Light Energy Absorbed in Excess: The Molecular Mechanisms". Annual Review of Plant Biology.
  3. "Current EU approved additives and their E Numbers".
  4. (8 September 2011). "Standard 1.2.4 - Labelling of ingredients".

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carotenoidsepoxidesfood-coloringstetraterpenes