VGF

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Mammalian protein found in Homo sapiens

title: "VGF" type: doc version: 1 created: 2026-02-28 author: "Wikipedia contributors" status: active scope: public tags: ["proteins", "neuropeptides"] description: "Mammalian protein found in Homo sapiens" topic_path: "general/proteins" source: "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/VGF" license: "CC BY-SA 4.0" wikipedia_page_id: 0 wikipedia_revision_id: 0

::summary Mammalian protein found in Homo sapiens ::

VGF or VGF nerve growth factor inducible is a secreted protein and neuropeptide precursor that may play a role in regulating energy homeostasis, metabolism and synaptic plasticity. The protein was first discovered in 1985 by Levi et al. in an experiment with PC12 cells and its name is non-acronymic. VGF gene encodes a precursor which is divided by proteolysis to polypeptides of different mass, which have a variety of functions, the best studied of which are the roles of TLQP-21 in the control of appetite and inflammation, and TLQP-62 as well as AQEE-30 in regulating depression-like behaviors and memory. The expression of VGF and VGF-derived peptides is detected in a subset of neurons in the central and peripheral nervous systems and specific populations of endocrine cells in the adenohypophysis, adrenal medulla, gastrointestinal tract, and pancreas. VGF expression is induced by NGF, CREB and BDNF and regulated by neurotrophin-3. Physical exercise significantly increases VGF expression in mice hippocampal tissue and upregulates a neurotrophic signaling cascade thought to underlie the action of antidepressants.

Role in pathology

Changes in expression of discrete VGF fragments have been detected in different neurological and psychiatric conditions. In schizophrenia, one study has shown an increase in the VGF23-62 peptide and a subsequent small study demonstrated that drugs further increase the expression, pointing at a possible ameliorating action of the fragment. A decreased expression of VGF26-62 peptide was found in frontotemporal dementia and the expression of a fragment containing aminoacids 378-398 was found to be changing in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and Alzheimer's disease. VGF expression has also been shown in damaged peripheral nerves, and it is thought to have a role in neuropathic pain. In glioblastoma, VGF has been shown to play autocrine and paracrine roles in feedback loops between differentiated glioblastoma cells and glioblastoma-specific cancer stem cells, promoting growth, survival and self-renewal.

References

References

  1. (July 1999). "Targeted deletion of the Vgf gene indicates that the encoded secretory peptide precursor plays a novel role in the regulation of energy balance". Neuron.
  2. (November 2003). "Brain-derived neurotrophic factor-induced gene expression reveals novel actions of VGF in hippocampal synaptic plasticity". The Journal of Neuroscience.
  3. (July 1985). "Molecular cloning of a gene sequence regulated by nerve growth factor". Science.
  4. (September 2006). "TLQP-21, a VGF-derived peptide, increases energy expenditure and prevents the early phase of diet-induced obesity". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.
  5. (August 2008). "The VGF-derived peptide TLQP-21: a new modulatory peptide for inflammatory pain". Neuroscience Letters.
  6. (September 2008). "Pathophysiological role of TLQP-21: gastrointestinal and metabolic functions". Eating and Weight Disorders.
  7. (April 2008). "Vgf is a novel biomarker associated with muscle weakness in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), with a potential role in disease pathogenesis". International Journal of Medical Sciences.
  8. (November 2007). "The role of the vgf gene and VGF-derived peptides in nutrition and metabolism". Genes & Nutrition.
  9. (May 2008). "Differential distribution of VGF-derived peptides in the adrenal medulla and evidence for their selective modulation". The Journal of Endocrinology.
  10. (2008). "Role of VGF-derived peptides in the control of food intake, body weight and reproduction". Neuroendocrinology.
  11. (March 2009). "Chronic intracerebroventricular injection of TLQP-21 prevents high fat diet induced weight gain in fast weight-gaining mice". Genes & Nutrition.
  12. (November 2007). "The neuropeptide VGF produces antidepressant-like behavioral effects and enhances proliferation in the hippocampus". The Journal of Neuroscience.
  13. (February 2009). "Neuropeptides in depression: role of VGF". Behavioural Brain Research.
  14. (November 2017). "VGF function in depression and antidepressant efficacy". Molecular Psychiatry.
  15. (April 2019). "VGF and its C-terminal peptide TLQP-62 in ventromedial prefrontal cortex regulate depression-related behaviors and the response to ketamine". Neuropsychopharmacology.
  16. (September 2008). "The neurotrophin-inducible gene Vgf regulates hippocampal function and behavior through a brain-derived neurotrophic factor-dependent mechanism". The Journal of Neuroscience.
  17. (July 2015). "VGF and Its C-Terminal Peptide TLQP-62 Regulate Memory Formation in Hippocampus via a BDNF-TrkB-Dependent Mechanism". The Journal of Neuroscience.
  18. (August 2004). "Processing, distribution, and function of VGF, a neuronal and endocrine peptide precursor". Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology.
  19. (January 2002). "NGF-dependent and tissue-specific transcription of vgf is regulated by a CREB-p300 and bHLH factor interaction". FEBS Letters.
  20. (December 2007). "Antidepressant actions of the exercise-regulated gene VGF". Nature Medicine.
  21. (November 2007). "The neuropeptide VGF produces antidepressant-like behavioral effects and enhances proliferation in the hippocampus". The Journal of Neuroscience.
  22. (May 2008). "VGF, a new player in antidepressant action?". Science Signaling.
  23. (February 2009). "Neuropeptides in depression: role of VGF". Behavioural Brain Research.
  24. (November 2006). "Disease biomarkers in cerebrospinal fluid of patients with first-onset psychosis". PLOS Medicine.
  25. (December 2005). "Identification of CSF biomarkers for frontotemporal dementia using SELDI-TOF". Experimental Neurology.
  26. (December 2005). "Proteomic profiling of cerebrospinal fluid identifies biomarkers for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis". Journal of Neurochemistry.
  27. (August 2003). "A panel of cerebrospinal fluid potential biomarkers for the diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease". Proteomics.
  28. (December 2008). "Origins, actions and dynamic expression patterns of the neuropeptide VGF in rat peripheral and central sensory neurones following peripheral nerve injury". Molecular Pain.
  29. (April 2018). "Reciprocal Signaling between Glioblastoma Stem Cells and Differentiated Tumor Cells Promotes Malignant Progression". Cell Stem Cell.

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