Vatsa
Historical region in modern India
title: "Vatsa" type: doc version: 1 created: 2026-02-28 author: "Wikipedia contributors" status: active scope: public tags: ["vatsa", "kingdoms-of-the-puru-clan", "mahajanapadas", "former-kingdoms", "history-of-uttar-pradesh"] description: "Historical region in modern India" topic_path: "history" source: "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vatsa" license: "CC BY-SA 4.0" wikipedia_page_id: 0 wikipedia_revision_id: 0
::summary Historical region in modern India ::
::data[format=table title="Infobox country"]
| Field | Value |
|---|---|
| conventional_long_name | Kingdom of Vatsa |
| common_name | Assaka |
| era | Iron Age |
| government_type | Monarchy |
| year_start | c. 700 BCE |
| year_end | c. 300 BCE |
| p1 | Kuru Kingdom |
| s1 | Nanda dynastyMagadha |
| image_map | Mahajanapadas_(c._500_BCE).png |
| image_map_caption | Vatsa and other Mahajanapadas in the Post Vedic period. |
| year_leader1 | 8th century B.C. |
| leader1 | Nicakṣu (first) |
| year_leader3 | 4th century B.C. |
| leader3 | Kṣemaka (last) |
| capital | Kauśāmbī, Prayāga |
| common_languages | Prakrit |
| Sanskrit | |
| religion | Historical Vedic religion |
| Jainism | |
| Buddhism | |
| title_leader | Maharaja |
| today | Allahabad division of Uttar Pradesh, India |
| :: |
| native_name = | conventional_long_name = Kingdom of Vatsa | common_name = Assaka | era = Iron Age | government_type = Monarchy | year_start = c. 700 BCE | year_end = c. 300 BCE | p1 = Kuru Kingdom | s1 = Nanda dynastyMagadha | image_map = Mahajanapadas_(c._500_BCE).png | image_map_alt = | image_map_caption = Vatsa and other Mahajanapadas in the Post Vedic period. | year_leader1 = 8th century B.C. | leader1 = Nicakṣu (first) | year_leader3 = 4th century B.C. | leader3 = Kṣemaka (last) | capital = Kauśāmbī, Prayāga | common_languages = Prakrit Sanskrit | religion = Historical Vedic religion Jainism Buddhism | currency = | title_leader = Maharaja | today = Allahabad division of Uttar Pradesh, India
Vatsa or Vamsa (, Pali and Ardhamagadhi: pra, , literally "calf") was one of the sixteen Mahajanapadas (great kingdoms) of Uttarapatha of ancient India mentioned in the Aṅguttara Nikāya.
Location
The territory of Vatsa was located to the south of the Gaṅgā river, and its capital was the city of sa or pi, on the Yamunā river and corresponding to the modern-day location of Kosam.
The early period
The Vatsas were a branch of the Kuru dynasty. During the Rig Vedic period, the Kuru Kingdom comprised the area of present day Haryana/ Delhi and the Ganga-Jamuna Doab, till Prayag/ Kaushambi, with its capital at Hastinapura. During the late-Vedic period, Hastinapura was destroyed by floods, and the Kuru King shifted his capital and all his subjects to a newly constructed capital that was called Kosambi or Kaushambi. In the post Vedic period, when Aryavarta consisted of several Mahajanapadas, the Kuru Dynasty was split between Kurus and Vatsas. The Kurus controlled the Haryana/ Delhi/ Upper Doab, while the Vatsas controlled the Lower Doab. Later, The Vatsas were further divided into two branches—One at Mathura, and the other at Kaushambi.
The Puranas state that after the washing away of Hastinapura by the Ganges, the king , the great-great grandson of Janamejaya, abandoned the city and settled in . This is supported by the and the attributed to . Both of them have described the king Udayana as a scion of the family (). The Puranas provide a list of ’s successors which ends with king . Other Puranas state that the Vatsa kingdom was named after a king, Vatsa. The Ramayana and the Mahabharata attribute the credit of founding its capital to a Chedi prince or .
The Mahabharata and the Harivansa states the close connection between the Vatsas and the Bhargas (Bhaggas).
Mahajanapada period
::figure[src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/00/Vatsya_coin_(400-300_BCE).jpg" caption="Vatsya coin (400-300 BCE)"] ::
The first ruler of the dynasty of Vatsa, about whom some definite information available is II, Parantapa. While the Puranas state his father’s name was , tells it was . II married a princess of Videha, who was the mother of Udayana. He also married , a daughter of the Licchavi chieftain . He attacked , the capital of during the rule of .
The wife of Śatānīka and the mother of Udayana was Queen Mṛgāvatī (in Sanskrit) or Migāvatī (in Prakrit). She was the daughter of Chetaka, the leader of Vaishali. It is recorded that she ruled as a regent for her son for some period of time, although sources differ about the specific circumstances. According to the Jain canonical texts, Udayana was still a minor when Śatānīka died, so "the responsibility of governing the kingdom fell on the shoulders of queen Migāvatī ... till her son grew old enough". On the other hand, Bhāsa's Pratijñāyaugandharāyaṇa says that she took "full charge of the administration" while Udayana was held as a prisoner by King Pradyota of Avanti, and "the way in which she discharged her duties excited the admiration of even experienced ministers". Mrigavati, is notable for being one of the earliest known female rulers in Indian history.
Udayana
Main article: Udayana (king)
Udayana, the son of II by the Videha princess succeeded him. Udayana, the romantic hero of the , the and many other legends was a contemporary of Buddha and of Pradyota, the king of Avanti.
Later history
According to the Puranas, the 4 successors of Udayana were , , Niramitra and . Later, the Vatsa kingdom was annexed by the Avanti kingdom. Maniprabha, the great-grandson of Pradyota ruled at as a prince of Avanti.
Vatsa was ultimately annexed into Magadha by Shishunaga.
References
Citations
Sources
References
- Louis Herbert Gray. (1902). "Indo-Iranian Phonology with Special Reference to the Middle and New Indo-Iranian Languages". Columbia University Press.
- Raychaudhuri, Hemchandra. (1953). "Political History of Ancient India: From the Accession of Parikshit to the Extinction of Gupta Dynasty". [[University of Calcutta]].
- Raychaudhuri, Hemchandra. (1972). "Political History of Ancient India". University of Calcutta.
- Pargiter, F.E. (1972) ''Ancient Indian Historical Tradition'', Chaunan, Delhi, pp.269-70
- Mahajan V.D. (1960, reprint 2007). ''Ancient India'', S.Chand & Company, New Delhi, {{ISBN. 81-219-0887-6, pp.171-2
- Jain, K.C.. (1991). "Lord Mahāvīra and His Times". Motilal Banarsidass.
- Jain, J.C.. (1984). "Life in Ancient India: As Depicted in the Jain Canon and Commentaries, 6th Century BC to 17th Century AD". Munshiram Manoharlal.
- Altekar, A.S.. (1956). "The Position of Women in Hindu Civilization, from Prehistoric Times to the Present Day". Motilal Banarsidass.
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