Vainu Bappu
Indian astronomer
title: "Vainu Bappu" type: doc version: 1 created: 2026-02-28 author: "Wikipedia contributors" status: active scope: public tags: ["1927-births", "harvard-graduate-school-of-arts-and-sciences-alumni", "indian-astrophysicists", "1982-deaths", "recipients-of-the-padma-bhushan-in-science-&-engineering", "people-from-thalassery", "scientists-from-kerala", "20th-century-indian-astronomers", "presidents-of-the-international-astronomical-union"] description: "Indian astronomer" topic_path: "engineering" source: "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vainu_Bappu" license: "CC BY-SA 4.0" wikipedia_page_id: 0 wikipedia_revision_id: 0
::summary Indian astronomer ::
::figure[src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/93/Vbappu.jpg" caption="A photograph of M.K.V. Bappu."] ::
Manali Kallat Vainu Bappu (10 August 1927 – 19 August 1982) was an Indian astronomer and president of the International Astronomical Union. Bappu helped to establish several astronomical institutions in India, including the Vainu Bappu Observatory which is named after him, and he also contributed to the establishment of the modern Indian Institute of Astrophysics. In 1957, he discovered the Wilson–Bappu effect jointly with American astronomer Olin Chaddock Wilson.
On 2 July 1949, when Bappu was taking pictures of the night sky, he spotted a bright moving object which he had rightfully understood to be a comet. When he turned to his professor, Bart Bok, and colleague Gordon Newkirk, they confirmed the discovery. They calculated the orbit of the comet which revealed that the comet would reappear only after 60,000 years.
The International Astronomical Union officially named the comet as the Bappu-Bok-Newkirk comet (C/1949N1). Bappu also received the Donohoe Comet Medal of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific.
This is the only comet with an Indian name.
Early life
Vainu Bappu was born on 10 August 1927, in Chennai, as the only child of Manali Kukuzhi Bappu and Kallat Sunanna bappu. His family originally hails from Thalassery in Kerala. His grandfather Kakkuzhi Kunji Bappu Gurukkal whose family was an aristrocatic thiyya tharavad in Tellichery was a Sanskrit poet and scholar and father was an astronomer at the Nizamiah Observatory in Telangana. He attended the Harvard Graduate School of Astronomy for his PhD after obtaining postgraduate degree from the Madras University.
Discoveries
::figure[src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f0/Vainu_Bappu_vc.jpg" caption="Visiting card"] ::
Bappu, along with two of his colleagues, discovered the 'Bappu-Bok-Newkirk' comet. He was awarded the Donhoe Comet-Medal by the Astronomical Society of the Pacific in 1949.
In a paper published in 1957, American astronomer Olin Chaddock Wilson and Bappu had described what would later be known as the Wilson–Bappu effect. The paper opened up the field of stellar chromospheres for research.
Vainu Bappu Observatory
::figure[src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b4/Kodaikanal_Solar_Observatory-b.jpg" caption="Solar Tunnel Telescope at the [[Kodaikanal Solar Observatory]]. Bappu served as head of the observatory in 1960.''[http://www.iiap.res.in/vbappu M.K. Vaina Bappu]'', [[Indian Institute of Astrophysics]]."] ::
On his return to India, Bappu was appointed to head a team of astronomers to build an observatory at Nainital.
Career overview
::data[format=table]
| Post | Institution |
|---|---|
| Honorary Foreign Fellow | Belgium Academy of Sciences |
| Honorary Member | American Astronomical Society |
| Vice-President | International Astronomical Union (1967–73) |
| President | International Astronomical Union (1979) |
| :: |
References
References
- [http://www.vigyanprasar.gov.in/dream/dec99/article1.htm ''Indian Astronomy : From Jantar-Mantar to Kavalur''], Department of Science and Technology, Government of India.
- Bhattacharyya, J. C. (2002), "M K Vainu Bappu", ''Resonance'', '''7''' (8), Springer India.
- The effect as described by L.V. Kuhi is: 'The width of the Ca II emission in normal, nonvariable, G, K, and M stars is correlated with the visual absolute magnitude in the sense that the brighter the star the wider the emission.'Kuhi, L. V., "The Wilson-Bappu Effect in T Tauri Stars", ''Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific'', '''77''' (457): 253.
- ''[http://www.iiap.res.in/vbappu M.K. Vaina Bappu]'', [[Indian Institute of Astrophysics]].
- His efforts of building an indigenous large [[optical telescope]] and a research observatory led to the founding of the optical observatory of [[Javadi Hills
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