Ügyek

Quality 0.50 · 3 views · Updated 2 months ago

Magyar chieftain (late 8th – early 9th century)

title: "Ügyek" type: doc version: 1 created: 2026-02-28 author: "Wikipedia contributors" status: active scope: public tags: ["hungarian-prehistory", "magyar-tribal-chieftains", "house-of-árpád", "8th-century-hungarian-people", "9th-century-hungarian-people"] description: "Magyar chieftain (late 8th – early 9th century)" topic_path: "history" source: "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ügyek" license: "CC BY-SA 4.0" wikipedia_page_id: 0 wikipedia_revision_id: 0

::summary Magyar chieftain (late 8th – early 9th century) ::

::data[format=table title="Infobox royalty"]

FieldValue
nameÜgyek
imageUgyek.jpg
captionÜgyek depicted in the Illuminated Chronicle
spouseEmese (since 819)
issueÁlmos
houseHouse of Árpád
death_dateafter 818
place of burial
::

| title = | name = Ügyek | full name = | image = Ugyek.jpg | caption = Ügyek depicted in the Illuminated Chronicle | succession = | reign = | coronation = | predecessor = | successor = | spouse = Emese (since 819) | issue = Álmos | house = House of Árpád | birth_date = | birth_place = | death_date = after 818 | death_place = | place of burial = | Ügyek (second half of the 8th century – first half of the 9th century), also known as Ugek or Ugec (also styled Vgec), was – according to the chronicler Anonymus (or "Master P.") – the father of Álmos, the first Grand Prince of the Hungarians. However, according to a conflicting source, Simon of Kéza (writing about five to eight decades later), Előd was the father of Álmos, while the chronicler referred to Ügyek as Álmos's grandfather. He is the earliest known ancestor of the Árpád dynasty. He was said to be a Scythian, i.e. to be from Dentumoger, the homeland of the Magyars, which the chroniclers identify with Scythia, and use to refer both to the land and its inhabitants.

Life

Ügyek was born in the last third of the 8th century. Anonymus writes that Ügyek married Emese, a daughter of "Prince Eunedubelianus" in 819. She had seen a divine dream of a Turul bird before Álmos's birth in c. 820, according to the chronicles. The Turul's role is interpreted as guardian spirit, who protects the baby from harm until he grows up. It is supported by the chronicles, according to whom the Turul appears to the already pregnant woman.

Historian Gyula Kristó said Ügyek's name may have been the chronicler' invention, since it derives from the ancient Hungarian ügy ("saint, holy") word.

Meaning of the name

Anonymus gives the name as Ugec; this caused much speculation later, as to the meaning of it. The latest research on the subject gives the following explanations regarding the origin and meaning of the name:

  • Ügyek - Dezső Pais, in his book of 1926, put forward the idea that the name is to be derived from the Hungarian word igy/egy (‛holy’). Gyula Kristó also shared this view.
  • Öge/Üge - Dignitary name, according to historian György Györffy. The meaning of it is "wise" and "sage", also "councillor". The word, as 10% words in modern Hungarian, is of Turkic origin. Many Hungarian personal names, and also animal and plant names, are of Turkic origin. Further, the majority of Hungarian tribal names were of Turkic origin, who overall made a significant contribution to Hungarians during their century-long cohabitation.
  • Üge - The last ruler of the Uyghur Empire, also a contemporary to Ügyek. He was murdered in 846 in the Altai Mountains. It is speculated, that when the Empire fell apart, some Uyghur fragments could have escaped westward.

Significance

There are three types of great ancestry in the traditional steppe culture.

  1. The distant, 'spiritual' ancestor, who took an important step, but the real power of his dynasty came many generations later;
  2. The founder of an empire, that is inherited by the descendants;
  3. Someone important in the family tree, related to whom the descendants must define themselves. Ügyek clearly belongs to the first group. Other examples belonging to this category are Ertogrul, (father of Osman), Sheikh Safi (founder of the Safavids), Saman Khuda (founder of the Samanids), among many others. The Turul narrative is strongly reminiscent of an episode narrated in The Secret History of the Mongols, concerning the foundation of the royal Mongol dynasty. All these traditions popular among different peoples, including the Magyars, were informed by the traditional steppe culture, and do not belong to any specific ethnic group.

Family trees

::figure[src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/34/Álmos_(Chronicon_Pictum_021).jpg" caption="Ügyek's son or grandson [[Álmos]], the first ruler of the Hungarians"] ::

::figure[src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/55/Arpad_Kepes_Kronika.jpg" caption="conquered]] the [[Carpathian Basin"] ::

According to Anonymus's Gesta Hungarorum:

:

According to Simon of Kéza's Gesta Hunnorum et Hungarorum:

According to Mark of Kalt's Chronicon Pictum:

:

Notes

Sources

References

  1. Czeglédi, Katalin. (August 20, 2016). "Magyarok IX. Világkongresszusa".
  2. Korompay, Klára. (2003). "Magyar nyelvtörténet". Osiris.
  3. Lendvai, Paul. (2021). "The Hungarians A Thousand Years of Victory in Defeat". [[Princeton University Press]].
  4. Engel, Pál (2001). ''The Realm of St Stephen: A History of Medieval Hungary'', 895–1526. I.B. Tauris Publishers. p. 10
  5. ''The Annals of St-Bertin'' (year 862), p. 102
  6. Kristó, Gyula. (1996). "Hungarian History in the Ninth Century". Szegedi Középkorász Muhely.
  7. ''The'' Chronicle ''of Regino of Prüm'' (year 889), p. 202.
  8. Fodor, István (1975). ''In Search of a New Homeland: The Prehistory of the Hungarian People and the Conquest''. Corvina Kiadó. pp. 37-38
  9. For instance, [[Leo the Wise]] listed the Hungarians among the "Scythian nations".''The Taktika of Leo VI'' (18.41), p. 453.
  10. Kristó, Gyula (1996). ''Hungarian History in the Ninth Century''. Szegedi Középkorász Muhely. p. 79
  11. ''Anonymus, Notary of King Béla: The Deeds of the Hungarians'' (ch. 3), pp. 13–15.
  12. B. Szabó-Sudár 2017. p. 226.
  13. B. Szabó-Sudár 2017.
  14. Magyar Anonymus 1926, 146
  15. (1984). "Hungarian History--world History". Akadémiai K VIII.
  16. (1996). "Romanians and Hungarians from the 9th to the 14th Century The Genesis of the Transylvanian Medieval State". [[Romanian Cultural Foundation.
  17. Dromp, M. R.: ''Tang China and the Collapse of the Uighur Empire: A Documentary History''. Leiden 2005.
  18. Sudár Balázs: Az Árpádok, Attila és a dinasztikus hagyományok. Századok 150:2 (2016) 431–441
  19. (2016). "Falcon". [[Reaktion Books]].
  20. Anonymus (author), [[Martyn Rady]] (translator) (2009). ''Gesta Hungarorum'' [https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/18975/1/18975.pdf pdf] p. 6-12
  21. Simon of Kéza, ''Gesta Hunnorum et Hungarorum''. [https://mek.oszk.hu/02200/02249/02249.htm Károly Szabó's Hungarian translation]. quote: Ethele király czimerén is, mellyet tulajdon pajzsán szokott volt hordani, koronás fejü madár vala ábrázolva, mellyet magyarúl turulnak hívnak."
  22. Simon of Kéza, ''Gesta Hunnorum et Hungarorum''. [https://mek.oszk.hu/02200/02249/02249.htm Károly Szabó's Hungarian translation]. quote: "Azon kapitányok közt tehát Árpád, Álmos fia, ki Előd fia, ki Ögyek fia volt, a Turul nemzetségből vagyonban gazdagabb s hadban hatalmasabb vala."
  23. Mark of Kalt, ''Chronicon Pictum'' [https://mek.oszk.hu/10600/10642/10642.htm Hungarian translation], quote: "Ögyek fia Előd Szittyaországban Eunodubilia leánytól fiat nemzett, kinek neve lőn Álmos, annak okáért, mert anyjának álmában keselyűforma madár jelent meg, amikor terhes állapotban volt; méhéből rohanó víz fakadt, meggyarapodott, de nem a maga földjén; ebből azt jósolták, hogy ágyékából dicső királyok származnak. Miután a somnium a mi nyelvünkön álom, s ama fiú származását álom jövendölte meg, ezért nevezték Álmosnak, aki Előd, ez Ögyek, ez Ed, ez Csaba, ez Etele, [...]"
  24. (1883) ''Chronica Hungarorum. I. Magistri P. Belae Regis Notarii, Ii. Magistri Simonis De Keza. Gesta Hungarorum. Iii. Chronicon Pictum Vindobonense'', Recens. M. Florianus, [https://books.google.com/books?id=94XAkbY2e-cC&pg=122 p. 122]

::callout[type=info title="Wikipedia Source"] This article was imported from Wikipedia and is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License. Content has been adapted to SurfDoc format. Original contributors can be found on the article history page. ::

hungarian-prehistorymagyar-tribal-chieftainshouse-of-árpád8th-century-hungarian-people9th-century-hungarian-people