Two Cathedrals

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title: "Two Cathedrals" type: doc version: 1 created: 2026-02-28 author: "Wikipedia contributors" status: active scope: public tags: ["the-west-wing-season-2-episodes", "2001-american-television-episodes", "television-episodes-about-funerals", "works-set-in-cathedrals", "washington-national-cathedral", "television-episodes-directed-by-thomas-schlamme", "television-episodes-written-by-aaron-sorkin"] topic_path: "geography/united-states" source: "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Two_Cathedrals" license: "CC BY-SA 4.0" wikipedia_page_id: 0 wikipedia_revision_id: 0

::data[format=table title="Infobox television episode"]

Field	Value
series	The West Wing
season	2
episode	22
director	Thomas Schlamme
writer	Aaron Sorkin
music	"Brothers in Arms" by Dire Straits
production	226222
airdate
guests	*Stockard Channing as Abbey Bartlet
prev	18th and Potomac
next	Manchester (Part I)
episode_list	List of The West Wing episodes
season_article	The West Wing season 2
::

Anna Deavere Smith as Nancy McNally
Kirsten Nelson as Young Dolores Landingham
NiCole Robinson as Margaret Hooper
Lawrence O'Donnell as Dr. Bartlet
John Bennett Perry as Bill Wakefield
Kathryn Joosten as Dolores Landingham | prev = 18th and Potomac | next = Manchester (Part I) | episode_list = List of The West Wing episodes | season_article = The West Wing season 2 "Two Cathedrals" is the 44th episode and second season finale of The West Wing. It was first broadcast on May 16, 2001, on NBC.

President Bartlet is beset by memories of Mrs. Landingham as her funeral approaches. Meanwhile, the staff deals with a crisis in Haiti and questions from congressional Democrats regarding Bartlet's health, following his disclosure that he has multiple sclerosis (MS). "Two Cathedrals" is widely considered to be one of the greatest episodes of The West Wing and one of the best episodes in television history.

Synopsis

Leo McGarry (John Spencer) is talking to two Democrats who are convinced that the White House's cover-up of President Bartlet's multiple sclerosis will be a significant obstacle for House Democrats seeking re-election. They ask whether the President will seek a second term, but Leo only says that there will be a press conference that night, and that they should watch.

Toby Ziegler (Richard Schiff) is preparing the Mural Room for the President's statement when Sam Seaborn (Rob Lowe) asks if the President is ready, so soon after Mrs. Landingham's death in a car accident (at the end of "18th and Potomac"). Toby tells him they have no choice and, despite her funeral, they will be proceeding with the plan to publicly address Bartlet's MS. Toby is offered a 'lifeboat' by way of a job offer, but turns it down in a show of loyalty to the President. C. J. Cregg (Allison Janney) gathers reporters from several news agencies in her office to 'leak' information about the President's disease. Josh Lyman (Bradley Whitford) gives her a brief for a press briefing about an ongoing tobacco lawsuit, but she tells him that with the story the President is about to reveal, even news about an ongoing diplomatic situation in Haiti will be ignored by the press.

Throughout the day, Bartlet revisits his early memories of Mrs. Landingham (Kirsten Nelson) when she was a secretary at his Catholic high school where his father was headmaster. In one flashback sequence, she pushes a young Bartlet (Jason Widener) to challenge his father about pay inequality between women and men working at the school. Mrs. Landingham clearly sees something in Jed, "a boy king ... blessed with inspiration." She comments that if Bartlet won't say anything because he's afraid or can't be bothered, then she doesn't even want to know him. He then puts his hands in his pockets, looks away, and smiles, which Mrs. Landingham understands to mean that he has decided to act, and will talk to his father. When he attempts to do so, however, his father confronts him about an article in the school paper he co-authored protesting book bans, and when Jed begins to argue his father strikes him, dissuading Jed from bringing up the pay disparity.

Bartlet and his staff attend Mrs. Landingham's funeral at the National Cathedral. Afterward, a grief-stricken Bartlet remains alone in the cathedral, railing at God in both Latin, and English. He then lights a cigarette, drops it on the cathedral floor, and grinds it under his foot before angrily declaring that he will not run again: "You get Hoynes!". Later, in the Oval Office, as a pre-season tropical storm rages outside, Bartlet has a vision of Mrs. Landingham (Kathryn Joosten), who tells him that if he isn't going to run because he thinks he won't win or because it will be too hard, she doesn't even want to know him.

Bartlet and his entourage then travel to the State Department to give a press conference on the disclosure of his MS. Shots of the motorcade driving in the rain are intercut with shots in the cathedral, where a janitor finds the extinguished cigarette. Beginning the press conference, Bartlet disregards advice to first call upon a handpicked reporter who will not ask about re-election, choosing instead one who immediately asks if he will seek a second term as president. Bartlet puts his hands in his pockets, looks away, and smiles, indicating his intention to seek re-election.

Production

Writing

Aaron Sorkin was inspired to write the death of Mrs. Landingham into the show after Kathryn Joosten told him that she had auditioned for a role in a pilot episode for another series (CBS's Joan of Arcadia). Sorkin explained how he opted to "embrace the problem rather than just sweeping it away", and find the drama in the opportunity:

Sorkin explained that the Latin monologue in the National Cathedral was written in the language in order to avoid censorship by network NBC. NBC initially refused to allow a line where Mrs. Landingham describes the President's father as a "prick". Explaining its use, Sorkin stated, "It was the right word and the slightly startling nature of it was really what you needed."

Casting

Casting director Kevin Scott described the process of casting the younger versions of Bartlet (Jason Widener) and Mrs. Landingham (Kirsten Nelson):

C.J. instructs the President to select medical correspondent Lawrence Altman of The New York Times for the first question, although he does not. While portrayed by an actor (Alfred Hurwitz), Altman is the name of the Times medical correspondent, who for decades reported on the health of presidents and vice presidents.

Lawrence O'Donnell, a writer and producer on The West Wing, was cast as Bartlet's father after impressing Sorkin and Schlamme during a read-through for the episode. Jane Lynch appeared as a reporter in the White House Press Room.

Filming locations

St. Andrew's School in Middletown, Delaware served as young Bartlet's boarding school. It was also the shooting location of Dead Poets Society.

During filming in the National Cathedral, Sheen as Bartlet stubbed out a cigarette on the floor, prompting the cathedral to ban filming inside the building.

Music

::quote

| quote = "The reason I think the song worked so well in it, [is] the piece was about rising above something for self, and doing something for the collective, and in The West Wing there was always a battle going on between right and wrong." | source = — W. G. Snuffy Walden | width = 24em |bgcolor= | align =right

The episode featured the song "Brothers in Arms" by Dire Straits. The show's composer W. G. Snuffy Walden explained that Sorkin had specified the use of the song: "There was no question that this song was going to end the show which is really quite rare." Sorkin, however, explained in 2017 that he initially had some reservations about the use of the track:

Reception

Critical reception

'"Two Cathedrals" is widely regarded as one of ''The West Wing'''s best episodes and one of the greatest television episodes of all time.

On Martin Sheen's Inside the Actors Studio episode, host James Lipton remarked that "Two Cathedrals" was "one of the best episodes in the history of American television".
In 2009, Entertainment Weekly put the episode on its end-of-the-decade, "best-of" list, hailing it as "the show at its most brilliantly dramatic".
In 2009, TV Guide ranked "Two Cathedrals" #40 on its list of the 100 Greatest Episodes.
In 2018, for its 65th anniversary, TV Guide picked it as the ninth-best episode of the 21st century.

Awards

::data[format=table]

Year	Award	Category	Nominee(s)	Result
2001	Directors Guild of America Awards	Outstanding Directing – Drama Series	Thomas Schlamme
Writers Guild of America Awards	Best Episodic Drama	Aaron Sorkin
Primetime Emmy Awards	Outstanding Lead Actor in a Drama Series	Martin Sheen
title=Winners at the 53rd Annual Emmys	url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/aponline/20011104/aponline235610_000.htm	accessdate=1 August 2019	newspaper=The Washington Post	date=November 4, 2001
2002	Banff Rockie Award	Continuing Series Episode
last1=Brownfield	first1=Paul	title='Iris' and 'West Wing' Win Humanitas Prizes	url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2002-jun-26-et-brown26-story.html	access-date=April 4, 2015
::

References

Saraiya, Sonia. (May 21, 2014). "10 episodes that show The West Wing was drama first, politics second". Onion, Inc..
(2017). "Pious Irreverence: Confronting God in Rabbinic Judaism". [[University of Pennsylvania Press]].
(December 4, 2009). "100 greatest movies, TV shows, and more".
(2001). ["Inside the West Wing: An Unauthorized Look at Television's Smartest Show"]({{Google Books).
https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0927078/
(May 16, 2001). "'West Wing' wraps season with dark but moving finale". [[Pittsburgh Post-Gazette]].
(19 May 2001). "For non-Latin speakers, a 'West Wing' translation". [[Pittsburgh Post-Gazette]].
Jicha, Tom. (July 26, 2001). "West Wing aide did herself in". [[Sun-Sentinel]].
McCabe, Janet. (2012). "The West Wing". [[Wayne State University Press]].
Rutenberg, Jim. (September 2, 2001). "As cable applies pressure, network TV spouts expletives". [[The New York Times]].
Gillespie, Bonnie. (November 1, 2001). ["Assembling ensembles: From ''The West Wing'' to ''Citizen Baines'', CD Kevin Scott has become proficient at identifying that indefinable "it""](http://business.highbeam.com/5395/article-1G1-80159015/assembling-ensembles-west-wing-citizen-baines-cd-kevin }}{{dead link). [[Backstage (magazine).
Altman, Lawrence K.. (October 9, 2001). "The doctor's world – very real questions for fictional president". [[The New York Times]].
(March 14, 2017). "The West Wing Weekly 2.22: "Two Cathedrals" (Part 1, with Mary Graham and Lawrence O'Donnell)".
Wood, Jennifer M.. (October 24, 2014). "35 People you might not realize appeared on ''The West Wing''".
(September 2, 2010). "Famous Movie Locations: St. Andrew's School From 'Dead Poets Society' (Middletown, DE)".
(May 30, 2005). "Cathedral Staff Ban Filming After Sheen Smoking Gaffe". [[Contactmusic.com]].
(September 18, 2012). "Brothers in Arms: the sound of The West Wing". [[BBC Online]].
(March 21, 2017). "2.22: Two Cathedrals (Part II, with Aaron Sorkin and Kirstin Nelson)". [[The West Wing Weekly]].
(June 16, 2009). "TV's Top 100 Episodes of All Time: #40-21".
Roush, Matt. (April 2–15, 2018). "65 Best Episodes of the 21st Century".
"Honoring Outstanding Directorial Achievement for 2001". [[Directors Guild of America]].
(January 16, 2002). "Nominees for 54th Annual WGA Awards".
"The West Wing". [[Academy of Television Arts & Sciences]].
(November 4, 2001). "Winners at the 53rd Annual Emmys". [[The Washington Post]].
(October 17, 2001a). "Bill Johnson's Presidential Editing". [[TV Technology]].
(June 26, 2002). "'Iris' and 'West Wing' Win Humanitas Prizes". [[Los Angeles Times]].

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