Tsetsaut language
Extinct Athabaskan language
title: "Tsetsaut language" type: doc version: 1 created: 2026-02-28 author: "Wikipedia contributors" status: active scope: public tags: ["extinct-languages-of-north-america", "northern-athabaskan-languages", "north-coast-of-british-columbia", "languages-extinct-in-the-20th-century", "20th-century-disestablishments-in-north-america"] description: "Extinct Athabaskan language" topic_path: "linguistics" source: "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsetsaut_language" license: "CC BY-SA 4.0" wikipedia_page_id: 0 wikipedia_revision_id: 0
::summary Extinct Athabaskan language ::
::data[format=table title="Infobox language"]
| Field | Value |
|---|---|
| name | Tsetsaut |
| nativename | Wetaŀ, Wetaɬ, Wetał |
| states | Canada, United States |
| region | Northern British Columbia, Alaska |
| ethnicity | Tsetsaut |
| extinct | 1927 |
| ref | |
| familycolor | Dené-Yeniseian |
| fam2 | Na-Dené |
| fam3 | Athabaskan |
| fam4 | Northern Athabaskan |
| iso3 | txc |
| glotto | tset1236 |
| glottorefname | Tsetsaut |
| linglist | txc |
| notice | IPA |
| map2 | Lang Status 01-EX.svg |
| mapcaption2 | |
| altname | Tsʼetsaʼut |
| pronunciation | |
| :: |
| name = Tsetsaut | nativename = Wetaŀ, Wetaɬ, Wetał | states = Canada, United States | region = Northern British Columbia, Alaska | ethnicity = Tsetsaut | extinct = 1927 | ref = | familycolor = Dené-Yeniseian | fam2 = Na-Dené | fam3 = Athabaskan | fam4 = Northern Athabaskan | iso3 = txc | glotto = tset1236 | glottorefname = Tsetsaut | linglist = txc | notice = IPA | map2 = Lang Status 01-EX.svg | mapcaption2 = | altname = Tsʼetsaʼut | pronunciation = The Tsetsaut language is an extinct Athabaskan language formerly spoken by the now-extinct Tsetsaut in the Behm and Portland Canal area of Southeast Alaska and northwestern British Columbia. Virtually everything known of the language comes from the limited material recorded by Franz Boas in 1894 from two Tsetsaut slaves of the Nisga'a, which is enough to establish that Tsetsaut formed its own branch of Athabaskan. It is not known precisely when the language became extinct, but it was around the 1930s. One speaker was still alive in 1927.
The Tsetsaut referred to themselves as the Wetaŀ. The English name Tsetsaut is an anglicization of , "those of the interior", used by the Gitxsan and Nisga'a to refer to the Athabaskan-speaking people to the north and east of them, including not only the Tsetsaut but some Tahltan and Sekani.
Vocabulary
The examples by Merritt Ruhlen:
- ɬoʔ fish
- xɔ grizzly bear
- xadzinε male deer
- qax rabbit
- goʔ snake
- ts’alε frog
- ts’esdja mosquito
- tsrāmaʔ wasp
- at’ɔ nest
- εkyagɔ ankle
- aɬʼɔqʼ liver
- dlε dance
- kwuɬʼ dirt
- na mother
- täʼ father
- isča grandchild
- axa hair
- aɬa(ʔ) hand
- txa kick
- mmē lake
- xutsʼedeʼ left
Bibliography
- Collison, W. H. (1915) In the Wake of the War Canoe: A Stirring Record of Forty Years' Successful Labour, Peril and Adventure amongst the Savage Indian Tribes of the Pacific Coast, and the Piratical Head-Hunting Haida of the Queen Charlotte Islands, British Columbia. Toronto: Musson Book Company. Reprinted by Sono Nis Press, Victoria, B.C. (ed. by Charles Lillard), 1981.
- Dangeli, Reginald (1999) "Tsetsaut History: The Forgotten Tribe of Southern Southeast Alaska." In: Alaska Native Writers, Storytellers & Orators: The Expanded Edition, ed. by Ronald Spatz, Jeane Breinig, and Patricia H. Partnow, pp. 48–54. Anchorage: University of Alaska.
References
References
- "Tsetsaut".
- (2010). "Atlas of the World's Languages in Danger". UNESCO.
- D. Roy Mitchell IV, "[https://www.akleg.gov/basis/get_documents.asp?session=33&docid=14313 Alaska's 23 Indigenous Languages]", March 9, 2023.
- The [[Nisga'a language. Nisga'a name]] for the Tsetsaut people is "Jits'aawit".{{BCGNIS. 53995. K'alii Xk'alaan
- Ruhlen, Merritt. (1994). "On the origin of languages: studies in linguistic taxonomy". Stanford University Press.
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