Totma
title: "Totma" type: doc version: 1 created: 2026-02-28 author: "Wikipedia contributors" status: active scope: public tags: ["cities-and-towns-in-vologda-oblast", "totemsky-uyezd", "rus'-towns"] topic_path: "geography" source: "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Totma" license: "CC BY-SA 4.0" wikipedia_page_id: 0 wikipedia_revision_id: 0
::data[format=table title="Infobox Russian inhabited locality"]
| Field | Value |
|---|---|
| en_name | Totma |
| ru_name | Тотьма |
| image_skyline | Христорождественская церковь. Тотьма.jpg |
| image_caption | Lenin (Kirov) Street in Totma |
| coordinates | |
| map_label_position | right |
| image_coa | Coat of Arms of Totma (Vologda oblast).png |
| federal_subject | Vologda Oblast |
| federal_subject_ref | |
| adm_district_jur | Totemsky District |
| adm_district_jur_ref | |
| adm_selsoviet_jur | Totma |
| adm_selsoviet_type | Town of district significance |
| adm_selsoviet_jur_ref | |
| adm_ctr_of1 | Totemsky District |
| adm_ctr_of1_ref | |
| adm_ctr_of2 | town of district significance of Totma |
| adm_ctr_of2_ref | |
| inhabloc_cat | Town |
| inhabloc_cat_ref | |
| mun_district_jur | Totemsky Municipal District |
| mun_district_jur_ref | |
| urban_settlement_jur | Totma Urban Settlement |
| urban_settlement_jur_ref | |
| mun_admctr_of1 | Totemsky Municipal District |
| mun_admctr_of1_ref | |
| mun_admctr_of2 | Totma Urban Settlement |
| mun_admctr_of2_ref | |
| pop_2010census | 9785 |
| pop_2010census_ref | |
| established_date | 1137 or 1138 |
| established_title | First mentioned |
| established_date_ref | |
| :: |
|en_name=Totma |ru_name=Тотьма |image_skyline=Христорождественская церковь. Тотьма.jpg |image_caption=Lenin (Kirov) Street in Totma |coordinates = |map_label_position=right |image_coa=Coat of Arms of Totma (Vologda oblast).png |coa_caption= |image_flag= |flag_caption= |anthem= |anthem_ref= |holiday= |holiday_ref= |federal_subject=Vologda Oblast |federal_subject_ref= |adm_district_jur=Totemsky District |adm_district_jur_ref= |adm_selsoviet_jur=Totma |adm_selsoviet_type=Town of district significance |adm_selsoviet_jur_ref= |adm_ctr_of1=Totemsky District |adm_ctr_of1_ref= |adm_ctr_of2=town of district significance of Totma |adm_ctr_of2_ref= |inhabloc_cat=Town |inhabloc_cat_ref= |inhabloc_type= |inhabloc_type_ref= |mun_district_jur=Totemsky Municipal District |mun_district_jur_ref= |urban_settlement_jur=Totma Urban Settlement |urban_settlement_jur_ref= |mun_admctr_of1=Totemsky Municipal District |mun_admctr_of1_ref= |mun_admctr_of2=Totma Urban Settlement |mun_admctr_of2_ref= |leader_title= |leader_title_ref= |leader_name= |leader_name_ref= |representative_body= |representative_body_ref= |area_of_what= |area_as_of= |area_km2= |area_km2_ref= |pop_2010census=9785 |pop_2010census_ref= |pop_density= |pop_density_as_of= |pop_density_ref= |pop_latest= |pop_latest_date= |pop_latest_ref= |established_date=1137 or 1138 |established_title=First mentioned |established_date_ref= |current_cat_date= |current_cat_date_ref= |postal_codes= |postal_codes_ref= |dialing_codes= |dialing_codes_ref= |website=
Totma () is a town and the administrative center of Totemsky District in Vologda Oblast, Russia, located on the left bank of the Sukhona River at its confluence with the Pesya Denga, 217 km northeast of Vologda, the administrative center of the oblast. Population:
History
It was first mentioned in the chronicles in 1137 (according to other sources—in 1138) as the pogost of Todma (Тодма). It was founded by Novgorodians, who used the Sukhona as the main waterway leading to the north and eventually to the White Sea. The name "Totma" is nevertheless of Finno-Ugrian origin, which, together with archeological discoveries, indicates that an earlier settlement on the site of the present town was established by the Merya people. The original pogost was located 16 km downstream of the current location, close to the mouth of the Staraya Totma River. In the 13th century, salt production started around Totma and the town was relocated. In 1539, Totma was plundered by Kazan Tatars; a fortress was built after this event. In 1554, monk Feodosy Sumorin founded the Transfiguration Monastery. In the 16th–17th centuries, Totma was one of the most prosperous towns of the Russian North, due to the trade and to the salt production. In the 17th and 18th centuries, Totma was visited several times by Peter the Great, which was rather exceptional given the remote location of the town.
In the course of the administrative reform carried out in 1708 by Peter the Great, Totma was included into Archangelgorod Governorate and named one of the towns constituting the governorate. In the 18th century, Totma was one of the main centers of the exploration of and the trade with Alaska. In particular, Ivan Kuskov, the first administrator of Fort Ross, a Russian fortress in California, was a native of Totma. In 1780, Totma became the seat of Totemsky Uyezd of Vologda Viceroyalty, and since 1796 it was a part of Vologda Governorate.
In the 19th century, Totma quickly lost its significance as the foreign trade was rerouted from Arkhangelsk to St. Petersburg and the river transportation was gradually replaced by railways and highways. The railway from Vologda to Arkhangelsk was constructed along the shortest way via Konosha and bypassed Totma, while the old highway from Moscow to Arkhangelsk never ran via Totma. Until the late 1990s, the only road through Totma connected Vologda with Veliky Ustyug via Nikolsk. In the second half of the 19th century, Totma was frequently used as a destination for political exile.
On July 15, 1929, several governorates, including Vologda Governorate, were merged into Northern Krai and the uyezds were abolished. Totma became the administrative center of Totemsky District, which included parts of former Totemsky Uyezd.
Administrative and municipal status
Within the framework of administrative divisions, Totma serves as the administrative center of Totemsky District. As an administrative division, it is incorporated within Totemsky District as the town of district significance of Totma. As a municipal division, the town of district significance of Totma is incorporated within Totemsky Municipal District as Totma Urban Settlement.
Geography
Climate
|location=Totma (extremes 1883-present) |metric first=yes |single line=yes |Jan record high C = 4.6 |Feb record high C = 5.0 |Mar record high C = 15.3 |Apr record high C = 27.1 |May record high C = 31.0 |Jun record high C = 34.4 |Jul record high C = 35.2 |Aug record high C = 35.2 |Sep record high C = 28.2 |Oct record high C = 22.5 |Nov record high C = 12.6 |Dec record high C = 7.4
|Jan high C = -7.8 |Feb high C = -6.0 |Mar high C = 0.4 |Apr high C = 8.7 |May high C = 16.7 |Jun high C = 20.8 |Jul high C = 23.4 |Aug high C = 20.2 |Sep high C = 13.9 |Oct high C = 5.8 |Nov high C = -1.6 |Dec high C = -5.6
|Jan mean C = -10.8 |Feb mean C = -9.6 |Mar mean C = -4.0 |Apr mean C = 3.3 |May mean C = 10.6 |Jun mean C = 15.1 |Jul mean C = 17.8 |Aug mean C = 14.8 |Sep mean C = 9.5 |Oct mean C = 3.1 |Nov mean C = -3.7 |Dec mean C = -8.1
|Jan low C = -13.9 |Feb low C = -12.9 |Mar low C = -8.1 |Apr low C = -1.4 |May low C = 4.9 |Jun low C = 9.5 |Jul low C = 12.4 |Aug low C = 10.2 |Sep low C = 6.0 |Oct low C = 1.0 |Nov low C = -5.7 |Dec low C = -10.8
|Jan record low C = -45.3 |Feb record low C = -42.7 |Mar record low C = -35.6 |Apr record low C = -26.3 |May record low C = -10.7 |Jun record low C = -3.9 |Jul record low C = -1.4 |Aug record low C = -2.2 |Sep record low C = -7.0 |Oct record low C = -22.2 |Nov record low C = -35.9 |Dec record low C = -45.8
|Jan precipitation mm = 46.3 |Feb precipitation mm = 35.2 |Mar precipitation mm = 34.8 |Apr precipitation mm = 33.6 |May precipitation mm = 45.0 |Jun precipitation mm = 67.8 |Jul precipitation mm = 75.1 |Aug precipitation mm = 71.6 |Sep precipitation mm = 52.1 |Oct precipitation mm = 62.0 |Nov precipitation mm = 52.1 |Dec precipitation mm = 46.6 |source 1 = pogoda.ru.net
Economy
Industry
The most important industry in Totma is the food industry.
Transportation
Paved roads connect Totma with Vologda via Kadnikov (southwest), Veliky Ustyug via Nyuksenitsa (northeast), and Nikolsk via Imeni Babushkina (east). Before the road between Totma and Veliky Ustyug along the Sukhona was completed in the first decade of the 2000s, the only connection between the towns was via Nikolsk.
The Sukhona is navigable in Totma; however, there is no passenger navigation.
Culture and recreation
Totma is a historical town which preserved, along with other heritage, several churches which have all similar structure not related to any other region of Russia. A Totma church is a building on which the church proper is based on one side and the bell-tower on the other side so that the construction reminds a ship. This style is sometimes referred to as Totma Baroque.
Totma contains twelve objects classified as cultural and historical heritage by Russian Federal law and additionally seventy-four objects classified as cultural and historical heritage of local importance. The town of Totma is classified as a historical town by the Ministry of Culture of Russian Federation, which implies certain restrictions on construction in the historical center.{{Cite Russian law |ru_entity=Министерство культуры Российской Федерации |ru_type=Приказ |ru_number=418/339 |ru_date=29 июля 2010 г. |ru_title=Об утверждении перечня исторических поселений |ru_effective_date=10 октября 2010 г |ru_published_in="Российская газета", №219 |ru_published_date=29 сентября 2010 г. |ru_url=http://www.rg.ru/2010/09/29/istor-posel-dok.html |en_entity=Ministry of Culture of the Russian Federation |en_type=Order |en_number=418/339 |en_date=July 29, 2010 |en_title=On Adopting the Registry of the Historic Settlements |en_effective_date=October 10, 2010 |en_url=
The monuments classified as cultural heritage by the federal law are the following: ::figure[src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/77/Тотьма._Церковь_Входа_Господня_в_Иерусалим.jpg" caption="The Church of the Entry into Jerusalem"] ::
::figure[src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8e/Церковь_Рождества_Христова,_Тотьма.jpg" caption="Church of the Nativity of Christ"] ::
- The complex of the Resurrection Church and the Assumption Church (1744–1755)
- The Nativity Church (1746–1748)
- The Trinity Church in Zelenskaya Rybatskaya Sloboda (1768–1772)
- The complex of the Church of the Entry into Jerusalem and the Church of St. John the Baptist (1738–1740)
- The Kholodilov House (middle of 19th century)
- The ensemble of Spaso-Sumorin Monastery (1685–1689)
- The town hall
- The house where Anatoly Lunacharsky lived in 1903-1904
Totma hosts five six museums:
- The Totma Regional Museum, founded in 1915. Feodosy Vakhrushov, a landscape painter, was the founder of the museum, and the museum presents a display of his paintings
- The museum of Church Antiquities
- The House of Ivan Kuskov
- The museum of Sea Explorers (in the building of the Church of the Entry into Jerusalem)
- The museum of artifacts in Spaso-Sumorin Monastery
- The Ship-Building Museum
References
Notes
Sources
References
- {{ru-pop-ref. 2010Census
- Н. В. Солдатова. link. (2006). ВГПУ, Русь
- (2003). "Энциклопедия Города России". Большая Российская Энциклопедия.
- [http://constitution.garant.ru/history/act1600-1918/2005/ Указ об учреждении губерний и о росписании к ним городов] {{in lang. ru
- Resolution #178
- Law #371-OZ
- Law #1124-OZ
- "Климат Тотьмы".
- link. Администрация Тотемского муниципального района
- link. Брамфилд. Уильям. (2000). Поморский государственный университет имени М.В.Ломоносова
- link. Российская сеть культурного наследия
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