Tortum

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title: "Tortum" type: doc version: 1 created: 2026-02-28 author: "Wikipedia contributors" status: active scope: public tags: ["populated-places-in-erzurum-province", "historical-regions-of-georgia-(country)", "districts-of-erzurum-province", "metropolitan-district-municipalities-in-turkey"] topic_path: "geography/turkey" source: "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tortum" license: "CC BY-SA 4.0" wikipedia_page_id: 0 wikipedia_revision_id: 0

::data[format=table title="Infobox Turkey place"]

FieldValue
typemetro district
nameTortum
image_skylineTortum-center.jpg
image_captionTortum town center
image_mapErzurum location Tortum.png
map_captionMap showing Tortum District in Erzurum Province
coordinates
provinceErzurum
leader_partyAKP
leader_nameMuammer Yiğider
area_total_km21463
population_footnotes
population_total15259
population_as_of2022
postal_code25430
area_code0442
website
blank1_nameClimate
blank1_infoDfb
::

| type = metro district | name = Tortum | image_skyline = Tortum-center.jpg | image_caption = Tortum town center | image_map = Erzurum location Tortum.png | map_caption = Map showing Tortum District in Erzurum Province | coordinates = | province = Erzurum | leader_party = AKP | leader_name = Muammer Yiğider | leader_name1 = | area_total_km2 = 1463 | elevation_m = | population_footnotes = | population_total = 15259 | population_as_of = 2022 | postal_code = 25430 | area_code = 0442 | website = | blank1_name = Climate | blank1_info = Dfb ::figure[src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/db/Lake_Tortum_02.jpg" caption="Tortum lake"] ::

::figure[src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/7f/Khakhuli1.jpg" caption="[[Khakhuli Monastery"] ::

Tortum (; ; თორთომი) is a municipality and district of Erzurum Province, Turkey. Its area is 1,463 km2, and its population is 15,259 (2022). The current mayor is Muammer Yiğider from the Justice and Development Party (AKP).

History

Tortum was part of the area known as Diaueni, Tayk or Tao and was ruled by Hayasa-Azzians, Diauehi, Urartians, Iberians, Armenians, Romans, Persians and Byzantines. Tortum was a part of some proto-Armenian states (Hayasa-Azzi; Urartu), proto-Georgian Kingdom of Iberia (4th - 2nd centuries BC) and Kingdom of Greater Armenia (2nd century BC - 5th century). Between the 9th and 16th century it was part of the Kingdom of the Iberians, Kingdom of Georgia and Georgian principality of Samtskhe-Saatabago. It was first an Ottoman vassal in the early 16th century and was annexed in 1550. The area of Tortum was contested by the Safavids and the Ottoman Empire in the 16th-17th century but remained Ottoman after 1625. Georgians and Armenians made up the vast majority of the population in Tortum. During Georgian rule, half of the ethnic Armenian population became Chalcedonians and joined the Georgian Orthodox church, while the rest of the Armenians remained part of the Armenian church. Armenian cleric Hakop Karnetsi recorded in the 1650s that a man named Mullah Jaffar took census and placed heavy taxes in the region, causing the Armenian Chalcedonians to convert en-masse to Islam. Tortum was a sanjak in Erzurum Eyalet. The region was in the early Ottoman period largely Christian but acquired a Muslim majority in the mid 18th century, as the Georgian population fled to the inner provinces of Georgia. During World War I, Ottoman troops crossed Tortum in the disastrous Battle of Sarikamish. Then the Russians occupied the town and held it between 1915 and 1917. After the February revolution of 1917 they left it to the Armenians. The Ottoman army advanced some time later and captured Tortum on 16 March 1918. The town has a ruined citadel.

The Muslim Armenians continued to speak Armenian well into early the 19th century when they were Turkified.

Climate

| width = | open = | metric first = yes | single line = yes | trace = | location = Tortum(1991-2020) | temperature colour = | precipitation colour = green | unit precipitation days = 1 mm | precip days colour = | humidity colour = | time day = | daily =

| Jan precipitation mm =21.94 | Feb precipitation mm =24.82 | Mar precipitation mm =43.61 | Apr precipitation mm =53.36 | May precipitation mm =67.48 | Jun precipitation mm =53.24 | Jul precipitation mm =37.46 | Aug precipitation mm =22.71 | Sep precipitation mm =22.73 | Oct precipitation mm =38.98 | Nov precipitation mm =30.27 | Dec precipitation mm =25.27 | year precipitation mm = | Jan precipitation days =4.6 | Feb precipitation days =5.1 | Mar precipitation days =7 | Apr precipitation days =9.4 | May precipitation days =11.4 | Jun precipitation days =8.1 | Jul precipitation days =5.7 | Aug precipitation days =4.3 | Sep precipitation days =3.9 | Oct precipitation days =5.9 | Nov precipitation days =5.1 | Dec precipitation days =5 | year precipitation days =

| Jan high C =2.7 | Feb high C =4 | Mar high C =8.1 | Apr high C =14.3 | May high C =19.8 | Jun high C =25 | Jul high C =29.2 | Aug high C =29.9 | Sep high C =25.5 | Oct high C =18.8 | Nov high C =10.6 | Dec high C =4.6 | year high C = | Jan mean C =-3.1 | Feb mean C =-1.9 | Mar mean C =2.5 | Apr mean C =8 | May mean C =12.6 | Jun mean C =16.8 | Jul mean C =20.3 | Aug mean C =20.5 | Sep mean C =16 | Oct mean C =10.5 | Nov mean C =3.6 | Dec mean C =-1.3 | year mean C = | Jan low C =-7.9 | Feb low C =-7 | Mar low C =-2.6 | Apr low C =2.2 | May low C =6 | Jun low C =9.1 | Jul low C =12.5 | Aug low C =12.4 | Sep low C =7.7 | Oct low C =3.7 | Nov low C =-1.8 | Dec low C =-6 | year low C =

| Jan sun =120.1 | Feb sun =138.4 | Mar sun =164.9 | Apr sun =177.6 | May sun =200.7 | Jun sun =223.5 | Jul sun =262.4 | Aug sun =270.4 | Sep sun =231.5 | Oct sun =175.9 | Nov sun =139.1 | Dec sun =105.1 | year sun =

| Jan humidity =64.8 | Feb humidity =62.7 | Mar humidity =60.3 | Apr humidity =58.2 | May humidity =58.6 | Jun humidity =56.6 | Jul humidity =54.4 | Aug humidity =54.1 | Sep humidity =55 | Oct humidity =62.5 | Nov humidity =63.5 | Dec humidity =66.4 | year humidity =

|source = NOAA NCEI |date = November 2024

Economy

As of 1920, Tortum was producing coal.

Composition

There are 58 neighbourhoods in Tortum District:

  • Akbaba
  • Aksu
  • Aktaş
  • Alapınar
  • Alpaslan
  • Arılı
  • Aşağı Serdarlı
  • Bağbaşı
  • Bahçeli
  • Ballı
  • Çakıllı
  • Çamlıca
  • Çardaklı
  • Çataldere
  • Çaylıca
  • Çiftlik
  • Cihanlı
  • Çivilikaya
  • Demirciler
  • Derekapı
  • Derinpınar
  • Dikmen
  • Doruklu
  • Esendurak
  • Gökdere
  • Hamidiye
  • İncedere
  • Kaleboynu
  • Kaledibi
  • Kapıkaya
  • Karlı
  • Kazandere
  • Kemerkaya
  • Kireçli
  • Kırmalı
  • Konak
  • Meydanlar
  • Pehlivanlı
  • Peynirli
  • Şenyurt
  • Serdarlı
  • Sögütlü
  • Suyatağı
  • Taşbaşı
  • Taşoluk
  • Tatlısu
  • Tipili
  • Tortumkale
  • Uzunkavak
  • Vişneli
  • Yağcılar
  • Yamankaya
  • Yavuz Sultan Selim
  • Yazyurdu
  • Yellitepe
  • Yukarı Sivri
  • Yumaklı
  • Ziyaretli

References

References

  1. [https://www.e-icisleri.gov.tr/Anasayfa/MulkiIdariBolumleri.aspx Büyükşehir İlçe Belediyesi], Turkey Civil Administration Departments Inventory. Retrieved 12 July 2023.
  2. "İl ve İlçe Yüz ölçümleri". General Directorate of Mapping.
  3. "Address-based population registration system (ADNKS) results dated 31 December 2022, Favorite Reports". [[TÜİK]].
  4. "Erzurum Tortum Seçim Sonuçları - 31 Mart 2019 Yerel Seçimleri".
  5. (1989). "Eastern Turkey: An Architectural & Archaeological Survey, Volume I". Pindar Press.
  6. (January 2007). "Hemshin from Islamicization to the End of the Nineteenth Century". The Hemshin, History, Society and Identity in the Highlands of Northeast Turkey.
  7. Melkonyan, A. A.. (2016). "Catastrophic Consequences of Demographic Policy of Ottoman Authorities in Western Armenia". Fundamental Armenology.
  8. "World Meteorological Organization Climate Normals for 1991-2020: Tortum". [[NOAA.
  9. Prothero, W.G.. (1920). "Armenia and Kurdistan". H.M. Stationery Office.
  10. [https://www.e-icisleri.gov.tr/Anasayfa/MulkiIdariBolumleri.aspx Mahalle], Turkey Civil Administration Departments Inventory. Retrieved 12 July 2023.

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populated-places-in-erzurum-provincehistorical-regions-of-georgia-(country)districts-of-erzurum-provincemetropolitan-district-municipalities-in-turkey