Thismia

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Genus of plants

title: "Thismia" type: doc version: 1 created: 2026-02-28 author: "Wikipedia contributors" status: active scope: public tags: ["thismia", "dioscoreales-genera", "parasitic-plants", "taxonomy-articles-created-by-polbot", "taxa-named-by-william-griffith-(botanist)", "taxa-described-in-1845"] description: "Genus of plants" topic_path: "general/thismia" source: "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thismia" license: "CC BY-SA 4.0" wikipedia_page_id: 0 wikipedia_revision_id: 0

::summary Genus of plants ::

|image = Thismia rodwayi (Fairy lantern) 2.JPG |image_caption = Thismia rodwayi |taxon = Thismia |authority = Griff. |subdivision_ranks = Species |subdivision = See text |synonyms_ref = |synonyms =

Thismia is a genus of myco-heterotrophic plants in family Burmanniaceae, known as "fairy lanterns". They are native to East and Southeast Asia, New Guinea, Australia, New Zealand, and the Americas.

Description

::figure[src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Thismia_neptunis_Phytotaxa_340_2018_B.jpg" caption="''[[Thismia neptunis]]''"] ::

::figure[src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/99/Thismia_neptunis.jpg" caption="''[[Thismia neptunis]]'' painted by [[Marianne North"] ::

::figure[src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1a/Thismia_thaithongiana.jpg" caption="''[[Thismia thaithongiana]]''"] ::

Thismia are perennial, achlorophyllous, mycoheterotrophic, tuberous plants with branched or simple stems. The 1–4 terminal, solitary flowers are erect. The androecium consists of 6 stamens. The gynoecium consists of one carpel.

Name

The generic name Thismia refers to Thomas Smith (English microscopist, died ca. 1825). It is an anagram of his name.

Conservation

Most Thismia species are threatened with extinction and many species are only known from very few collections. For instance, the IUCN conservation status of Thismia melanomitra is Vulnerable (VU), Thismia malayana is categorized as Vulnerable (VU), Thismia kobensis, which was previously believed to be extinct, is now categorized as Critically Endangered (CR), and Thismia americana is believed to be possibly extinct.

Ecology

The flowers of Thismia tentaculata are pollinated by fungus gnats. The flowers of Thismia hongkongensis are visited by fungus gnats and scuttle flies.

Cytology

The chromosome count of Thismia huangii is 2n = 18. The chromosome count of Thismia abei is 2n = 12.

Taxonomy

It was published by William Griffith in 1845 with Thismia brunonis Griff. as the type species. ::figure[src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ee/Thismia_sp._Sarawak,_Bornéo_2016.jpg" caption="''Thismia'' sp. in [[Sarawak]], [[Borneo"] ::

::figure[src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/39/Thismia_megalongensis.jpg" caption="''[[Thismia megalongensis]]''"] ::

Species

, Plants of the World Online recognised 108 species in this genus, as follows:

Recently described species include:

2024

References

References

  1. (2021). "Fairy lanterns in focus". Plants, People, Planet.
  2. ''Thismia'' Griffith. (n.d.). Flora of North America @ efloras.org. Retrieved December 8, 2024, from http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=1&taxon_id=132837
  3. ''Thismia'' Griffith. (n.d.-b). Flora of China @ efloras.org. Retrieved December 8, 2024, from http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=2&taxon_id=132837
  4. Royal Botanic Gardens Victoria. (n.d.-d). ''Thismia''. VicFlora Flora of Victoria. Retrieved December 8, 2024, from https://vicflora.rbg.vic.gov.au/flora/taxon/57c63c0d-3afa-424a-a2bb-f9a33b0fe033
  5. Ya, J. D., Chen, H. Y., Zhang, W., Zhu, R. B., Cai, J., & Yu, W. B. (2024). [https://bioone.org/journals/willdenowia/volume-54/issue-1/wi.54.54102/Phylogenetic-and-biogeographical-analyses-of-Thismia-Thismiaceae-support-T-malipoensis/10.3372/wi.54.54102.pdf Phylogenetic and biogeographical analyses of ''Thismia'' (Thismiaceae) support ''T. malipoensis'' as the eighth species in China.] Willdenowia, 54(1), 47-63.
  6. Merckx, V. S., & Smets, E. F. (2014). [https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Vincent-Merckx/publication/268391233_Thismia_americana_the_101st_Anniversary_of_a_Botanical_Mystery/links/54bd2c3a0cf27c8f2814aada/Thismia-americana-the-101st-Anniversary-of-a-Botanical-Mystery.pdf ''Thismia americana'', the 101st anniversary of a botanical mystery.] International Journal of Plant Sciences, 175(2), 165-175.
  7. Espinoza, C. & Pitman, N. 2003. ''Thismia melanomitra''. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2003: e.T43472A10806123. https://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2003.RLTS.T43472A10806123.en. Accessed on 08 December 2024.
  8. Siti-Munirah, M. Y., Hardy-Adrian, C., Mohamad-Shafiq, S., & Irwan-Syah, Z. (2024). ''Thismia malayana'' (Thismiaceae), a new mycoheterotrophic species from Peninsular Malaysia. PhytoKeys, 242, 229.
  9. Suetsugu, K., Yamana, K., & Okada, H. (2023). Rediscovery of the presumably extinct fairy lantern ''Thismia kobensis'' (Thismiaceae) in Hyogo Prefecture, Japan, with discussions on its taxonomy, evolutionary history, and conservation. Phytotaxa, 585(2), 102-112.
  10. ''Thismia americana'' N. Pfeiffer. (n.d.). Flora of North America @ efloras.org. Retrieved December 9, 2024, from http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=1&taxon_id=242101975
  11. Guo, X., Zhao, Z., Mar, S. S., Zhang, D., & Saunders, R. M. (2019). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6758588/ A symbiotic balancing act: arbuscular mycorrhizal specificity and specialist fungus gnat pollination in the mycoheterotrophic genus ''Thismia'' (Thismiaceae).] Annals of Botany, 124(2), 331-342.
  12. Mar, S. S., & Saunders, R. M. (2015). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4391955/ ''Thismia hongkongensis'' (Thismiaceae): a new mycoheterotrophic species from Hong Kong, China, with observations on floral visitors and seed dispersal.] PhytoKeys, (46), 21.
  13. Chiang, P. Y., & Hsieh, T. H. (2011). [https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Tsung-Hsin-Hsieh/publication/289661586_Thismia_huangii_Thismiaceae_a_New_Species_from_Taiwan/links/600650ff45851553a053d9b9/Thismia-huangii-Thismiaceae-a-New-Species-from-Taiwan.pdf ''Thismia huangii'' (Thismiaceae), a new species from Taiwan.] Taiwania, 56(2), 138-142.
  14. AOYAMA, M., & TSUBOTA, H. (2014). [https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/apg/65/1/65_KJ00009352886/_pdf Karyotype Analysis of Japanese ''Burmannia'' (Burmanniaceae).] Acta Phytotaxonomica et Geobotanica, 65(1), 37-42.
  15. BESI, E. E., JABAR, Q. A. M., ABD RAHMAN, S. Y. A. M. I. L., SAAD, M. Z., AHMADNI, A. S. A., & GO, R. (2024). [https://phytotaxa.mapress.com/pt/article/download/phytotaxa.675.1.1/52365 ''Thismia perlisensis'' (Thismiaceae), a new red-annulus ''Thismia'' species from Peninsular Malaysia.] Phytotaxa, 675(1), 1-10.
  16. ''Thismia'' Griff. (n.d.). The Australian National Species List (auNSL). Retrieved December 8, 2024, from https://biodiversity.org.au/nsl/services/rest/name/apni/56570
  17. Simons, Paul. (2024-07-17). "Plantwatch: new species of elusive fairy lantern found in Malaysia". The Guardian.
  18. (2024-06-26). "Thismia papillata (Thismiaceae), a new species from northern Vietnam". Phytotaxa.
  19. (2025). "Thismia aliasii (Thismiaceae), a new species from Terengganu, Peninsular Malaysia". PhytoKeys.
  20. Publishers, Pensoft. "New endangered 'fairy lantern' plant species discovered in Malaysia".
  21. (2025-08-19). "Thismia velaris and T. dasyantha, two new species of Thismia section Thismia subsect. Odoardoa (Thismiaceae) from Sarawak, Malaysia". Phytotaxa.
  22. Pskhun. (2025-08-25). "Species New to Science: [Botany • 2025] Thismia dasyantha & T. velaris (Thismiaceae) • Two Species of Thismia sect. Thismia from Sarawak, Malaysia".
  23. (2025). "Thismia selangorensis (Thismiaceae): a new mitriform fairy lantern species from Selangor, Malaysia". PhytoKeys.
  24. Pskhun. (2025-12-03). "Species New to Science: [Botany • 2025] Thismia selangorensis (Thismiaceae) • A New mitriform Species of Thismia sect. Geomitra from Selangor, Malaysia".
  25. (1844). "On the root parasites referred by authors to Rhizantheae and their allies". Proceedings of the Linnean Society of London.
  26. (2024). "''Thismia'' Griff.". [[Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew]].
  27. (2024). "''Thismia'' Griff.".

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