Theodoxus

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Genus of gastropods

title: "Theodoxus" type: doc version: 1 created: 2026-02-28 author: "Wikipedia contributors" status: active scope: public tags: ["neritidae", "gastropod-genera", "taxonomy-articles-created-by-polbot"] description: "Genus of gastropods" topic_path: "general/neritidae" source: "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theodoxus" license: "CC BY-SA 4.0" wikipedia_page_id: 0 wikipedia_revision_id: 0

::summary Genus of gastropods ::

|fossil_range = |image = Theodoxus fluviatilis 3.png |image_caption = An oblique left side view of a live Theodoxus fluviatilis |taxon = Theodoxus |authority = Montfort, 1810 |synonyms_ref = |synonyms =

  • † Brusinaella Andrusov, 1912
  • † Calvertia Bourguignat, 1881
  • † Meganinnia Davitashvili, 1930 ·
  • Nerita (Theodoxus) Montfort, 1810
  • *Neritina * Montfort, 1810
  • Neritina (Neritaea) J. R. Roth, 1855
  • Neritina (Neritodonta) Brusina, 1884 (junior synonym)
  • Neritina (Theodoxia) Bourguignat, 1877 (unjustified emendation)
  • Neritina (Theodoxus) Montfort, 1810
  • Neritoconus Kobelt, 1871
  • Neritodonta Brusina, 1884 (junior synonym)
  • Neritonyx Andrusov, 1912
  • Ninnia Brusina, 1903
  • Neritoglobus Kobelt, 1871
  • † Ninniopsis Tomlin, 1930 (original rank)
  • † Pettretinia Bourguignat, 1881 (subjective synonym)
  • † Saintsimonia Bourguignat, 1881 (subjective synonym)
  • Theodoxia Bourguignat, 1877 (Invalid: unjustified emendation of Theodoxus)
  • Theodoxis Montfort, 1810 (alternative original spelling, not in use)
  • † Theodoxus (Brusinaella) Andrusov, 1912· accepted, alternate representation
  • Theodoxus (Calvertia) Bourguignat, 1880· accepted, alternate representation
  • Theodoxus (Neritaea) J. R. Roth, 1855· accepted, alternate representation
  • † Theodoxus (Neritonyx) Andrusov, 1912· accepted, alternate representation
  • † Theodoxus (Ninniopsis) Tomlin, 1930· accepted, alternate representation
  • Theodoxus (Theodoxus) Montfort, 1810· accepted, alternate representation
  • † Tripaloia Bourguignat, 1881 |type_species= Theodoxus lutetianus Montfort, 1810 |display_parents= 3

Theodoxus is a genus of nerites, small water snails with an operculum, some of which live in freshwater, and some in both freshwater and brackish water, aquatic gastropod mollusks in the family Neritidae, the nerites.

Distribution

The distribution of the genus Theodoxus includes Europe and northern Africa and also extends east to southern Iran. No other species within Neritidae have sympatrical distribution with Theodoxus. The distribution of the genus Theodoxus is an exception within Neritidae, because Neritidae live primarily in the southern hemisphere. Species within Theodoxus are the only Neritidae snails, that live in temperate climate.

Bunje & Lindberg (2007) presented the first phylogenetic hypothesis of the clade Theodoxus. The evolution of the genus Theodoxus was affected by separating of Mediterranean Sea and Paratethys sea in Miocene.

Description

::figure[src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/05/Theodoxus__fluviatilis_radula.png" caption="Representative row of radula teeth of ''T. fluviatilis''"] ::

The shell in this genus is semiovular with a flat apertural plain. There is no umbilicus. The columella and inner whorls are dissolved.

Species in the genus *Theodoxus * are highly variable in size, in color pattern of the periostracum, in details of the operculum and in the radula, and all these factors can make identification to species level very challenging.

Ecology

These animals live on stones, and often also under stones, in up to 5–6 m depth or deeper, feeding on algal covers. *Theodoxus * needs rough surfaces in order to be able to digest its food, so a stony substrate is necessary. Green algae are not consumed; *Theodoxus * has no cellulases. These snails lay egg capsules containing 30–70 eggs each, usually on the shells of other *Theodoxus * animals; only one juvenile grows, the other eggs serve as food.

Species

There were no systematic review of the genus Theodoxus as of 2007. Bunje (2004) noted at least 34 extant taxa at species level in the genus Theodoxus. IUCN Red List (2015) provided conservation status for 23 species of Theodoxus.

Species within the genus Theodoxus include: ; Subgenus Brusinaella Andrusov, 1912

;Subgenus Neritonyx Andrusov, 1912

;Subgenus Ninniopsis Tomlin, 1930

;Subgenus Neritaea Roth, 1855

;Subgenus Theodoxus Montfort, 1810

;Subgenus ?

;Synonyms:

  • † Theodoxus burdigalensis (d'Orbigny, 1852): synonym of † Theodoxus (Theodoxus) trifasciatus (Grateloup, 1839)
  • Theodoxus cariosus (Wood, 1828) and Theodoxus cariosa are synonyms of Neritina cariosa (Wood, 1828)
  • † Theodoxus dacicus Jekelius, 1944: synonym of † Theodoxus (Theodoxus) leobersdorfensis dacicus Jekelius, 1944
  • Theodoxus doriae Issel, 1865: synonym of Theodoxus fluviatilis (Linnaeus, 1758): synonym of Theodoxus (Theodoxus) fluviatilis (Linnaeus, 1758)
  • Theodoxus euphraticus (Mousson, 1874): synonym of Neritina euphratica Mousson, 1874
  • † Theodoxus intracarpatica Jekelius, 1944: synonym of † Theodoxus intracarpaticus Jekelius, 1944
  • Theodoxus lutetianus Montfort, 1810: synonym of Theodoxus fluviatilis (Linnaeus, 1758): synonym of Theodoxus (Theodoxus) fluviatilis (Linnaeus, 1758)
  • † Theodoxus mariae (Handmann, 1887): synonym of † Neritina mariae Handmann, 1887
  • † Theodoxus martensi (Brusina, 1884): synonym of † Ninnia martensi (Brusina, 1884)
  • Theodoxus neglectus (Pease, 1861): synonym of Neritina neglecta (Pease, 1861)
  • † Theodoxus oslavanensis Rzehak, 1893: synonym of † Theodoxus (Theodoxus) cyrtocelis austriacus (Rzehak, 1893)
  • Theodoxus oualaniense (Lesson, 1831): synonym of Clithon oualaniense (Lesson, 1831)
  • † Theodoxus perlongus Jekelius, 1944: synonym of † Theodoxus (Theodoxus) zografi perlongus Jekelius, 1944
  • † Theodoxus petralbensis Jekelius, 1944: synonym of † Theodoxus (Theodoxus) zografi petralbensis Jekelius, 1944
  • † Theodoxus pictus (Férussac, 1823): synonym of † Agapilia picta (Férussac, 1823)
  • Theodoxus reclivatus Say, 1822: synonym of Neritina usnea (Röding, 1798)
  • † Theodoxus rumanus (Stefanescu, 1896): synonym of † Theodoxus (Calvertia) stefanescui (Fontannes, 1887)
  • † Theodoxus scamandri (Calvert & Neumayr, 1880): synonym of † Theodoxus (Theodoxus) scamandrius (Calvert & Neumayr, 1880)
  • Theodoxus vespertinus (G. B. Sowerby II, 1849): synonym of Neritina vespertinus (G. B. Sowerby II, 1849)
  • † Theodoxus vetranici (Brusina, 1902): synonym of † Neritina vetranici (Brusina, 1902)
  • Theodoxus virginea (Linnaeus, 1758): synonym of Neritina virginea (Linnaeus, 1758)
  • † Theodoxus (Vittoclithon) pictus bizonalis (Grateloup, 1839): synonym of † Agapilia picta bizonalis (Grateloup, 1839)

References

This article incorporates public domain text from the reference

  • Eichhorst T.E. (2016). Neritidae of the world. Volume 2. Harxheim: Conchbooks. pp. 696–1366

References

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  2. Bouchet, P. (2014). Theodoxus Montfort, 1810. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=153531 on 2014-11-17.
  3. Bunje P. M. & Lindberg D. R. (2007). "Lineage divergence of a freshwater snail clade associated with post-Tethys marine basin development". ''[[Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution]]'' '''42'''(2): 373–387. {{doi. 10.1016/j.ympev.2006.06.026.
  4. Zettler M. L., Frankowski J., Bochert R. & Röhner M. (2004). "Morphological and ecological features of ''Theodoxus fluviatilis'' (Linnaeus, 1758) from Baltic brackish water and German freshwater populations". ''[[Journal of Conchology]]'' '''38'''(3): 305-316. [http://192.124.245.3/tl_files/bio/ag-benthische-organismen/pdf/zettler_et_al-2004-Theodoxus .pdf PDF]{{Dead link. (July 2018)
  5. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2014.3. <www.iucnredlist.org>. Downloaded on 23 March 2015. (Searching for "''Theodoxus''".)
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  9. [[John Read le Brockton Tomlin. Tomlin J. R. le B.]] (1930). "Some preoccupied generic names.—II". ''[[Proceedings of the Malacological Society of London]]'' '''19'''(1): 22-24, page 24.
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  14. {{in lang. de Schütt H. (1965). "Zur Systematik und Ökologie türkischer Süßwasserprosobranchier". ''[[Zoologische Mededelingen]]'' '''41'''(3): 43-72, Plate 1. [http://www.repository.naturalis.nl/record/318817 abstract], [http://www.repository.naturalis.nl/document/150103 PDF].
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  16. Anistratenko V. V. (2005). "Lectotypes for ''Tricolia pullus'', ''Gibbula divaricata'' and ''Theodoxus fluviatilis'' (Mollusca, Gastropoda) revisited". ''[[Vestnik zoologii]]'' '''39'''(6): 3-10. [http://www.nbuv.gov.ua/portal/chem_biol/vzl/2005/pdf/2005/6/01_Anistratenko.pdf PDF ].
  17. (2005). "Pan-European phylogeography of the aquatic snail ''Theodoxus fluviatilis'' (Gastropoda: Neritidae)". Molecular Ecology.
  18. Anistratenko O. Y., [[Yaroslav Starobogatov. Starobogatov Y. I.]] & Anistratenko V. V. (1999). "Mollusks of the genus ''Theodoxus '' (Gastropoda, Pectinibranchia, Neritidae) from the Black and the Azov seas basin". ''[[Vestnik Zoologii]]'' '''33''': 11-19.
  19. Zettler, M.. (2010). "''Theodoxus meridionalis''".
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  22. Van Damme, D.. (2010). "''Theodoxus maresi''".
  23. Van Damme, D.. (2010). "''Theodoxus marteli''".
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  26. link. (2011-07-22)
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