Thane

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title: "Thane" type: doc version: 1 created: 2026-02-28 author: "Wikipedia contributors" status: active scope: public tags: ["thane", "cities-and-towns-in-thane-district", "cities-in-maharashtra", "smart-cities-in-india"] topic_path: "geography" source: "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thane" license: "CC BY-SA 4.0" wikipedia_page_id: 0 wikipedia_revision_id: 0

::data[format=table title="Infobox settlement "]

Field	Value
image_skyline	{{multiple image
border	infobox
total_width	270
perrow	1/2/1/1
image4	Eastern Express Highway by night in Thane.jpg
image3	Upvan in Morning Vertical.jpg
image1	Hiranandaniestate.jpg
image5	Talao Pali, Thane.jpg
image_caption	From top, left to right: Hiranandani Estate; Upvan Lake, Eastern express highway; Talao Pali
nickname	City of Lakes
pushpin_map	Mumbai#India Maharashtra#India
pushpin_map_caption	Location in Maharashtra, India
coordinates
subdivision_type	Country
subdivision_name	India
subdivision_type1	State
subdivision_type2	District
subdivision_name1	Flag of Maharashtra.svg Maharashtra
subdivision_name2	Thane
established_title
established_date	9th century A.D
government_type	Municipal Corporation
governing_body	*Thane Municipal Corporation
leader_title	Mayor
leader_name	Sharmila Pimpolkar-Gaikwad
leader_title1	Deputy Mayor
leader_name1	Krishna Patil
unit_pref	Metric
area_total_km2	147
area_rank	15th
elevation_m	7
population_total	2,537,000
population_as_of	2023
population_density_km2	17,258
population_rank	15
population_demonym	Thanekar
demographics_type1	Language
demographics1_title1	Official
timezone1	IST
postal_code_type	PIN
postal_code	400601—15
area_code	022
area_code_type	Telephone code
registration_plate	MH-04 (Thane City)

::callout[type=note]

| image_skyline = {{multiple image | border = infobox | total_width = 270 | image_style = | perrow = 1/2/1/1 | image4 = Eastern Express Highway by night in Thane.jpg | image2 = | image3 = Upvan in Morning Vertical.jpg | image1 = Hiranandaniestate.jpg | image5 = Talao Pali, Thane.jpg | image_caption = From top, left to right: Hiranandani Estate; Upvan Lake, Eastern express highway; Talao Pali | image_shield = | nickname = City of Lakes | map_alt = | map_caption = | pushpin_label_position = | pushpin_map = Mumbai#India Maharashtra#India | pushpin_map_alt = | pushpin_map_caption = Location in Maharashtra, India | coordinates = | subdivision_type = Country | subdivision_name = India | subdivision_type1 = State | subdivision_type2 = District | subdivision_name1 = Flag of Maharashtra.svg Maharashtra | subdivision_name2 = Thane | established_title = | established_date = 9th century A.D | founder = | named_for = | government_type = Municipal Corporation | governing_body = *Thane Municipal Corporation | leader_title = Mayor | leader_name = Sharmila Pimpolkar-Gaikwad | leader_title1 = Deputy Mayor | leader_name1 = Krishna Patil | unit_pref = Metric | area_footnotes = | area_total_km2 = 147 | area_rank = 15th | elevation_footnotes = | elevation_m = 7 | population_total = 2,537,000 | population_as_of = 2023 | population_density_km2 = 17,258 | population_rank = 15 | population_demonym = Thanekar | population_note = | demographics_type1 = Language | demographics1_title1 = Official | timezone1 = IST | postal_code_type = PIN | postal_code = 400601—15 | area_code = 022 | area_code_type = Telephone code | registration_plate = MH-04 (Thane City)

MH-05 (Kalyan) MH-43 (Navi Mumbai) | blank_name_sec2 = Literacy (2017–18) | blank_info_sec2 = 91.36% | blank1_name_sec1 = Lok Sabha constituencies | blank1_info_sec1 = Thane Kalyan Bhiwandi | website = | footnotes = | leader_title2 = Municipal Commissioner | leader_name2 = Saurabh Rao, IAS | demographics1_info1 = Marathi | utc_offset = +5:30 | blank2_name_sec1 = Vidhan Sabha constituencies | blank2_info_sec1 = Thane Kopri-Pachpakhadi Ovala-Majiwada Mumbra-Kalwa | official_name = Thane | image_map = | shield_size = | area_metro_km2 = | settlement_type = Metropolis Thane (; known as Thana until 1996) is a city in western India, in the state of Maharashtra. It neighbours Mumbai and is part of the Mumbai Metropolitan Region. It is situated in the north-east of Salsette Island.

Thane serves as the headquarters of the Thane district and is located inside Thane taluka. It is the 15th most populous city in India, with a population of 1,890,000 according to the 2011 census.

Etymology and other names

The ancient name of Thana was . It appears as hi in early medieval Arab sources.

The name Thane has been variously romanised as Tana, Thana, Thâṇâ, and Thame. Ibn Battuta and Abulfeda knew it as KukinTana, while Duarte Barbosa knew it as TanaMayambu. Before 1996, the city was called Thana, the British spelling of the city.

History

Thane emerged as an urban area during the reign of the Shilahara dynasty, which ruled north Konkan during 800-1265 CE. It was variously known as Srī-sthānaka, Sthānaka, or Srī-sthāna. The 1053 CE Chinchani inscription of Vija-ranaka of the Modha family states that brahmanas from Srī-sthāna settled at Samyana in his territory. A 1094 CE Shilahara inscription refers to Srī-sthānaka as a velakula, that is, a harbour that was an important centre for import and export.

Thane is mentioned in the Mahikavatichi Bakhar, a 15th-17th century Marathi language historical chronicle of doubtful accuracy. According to the text, Prince Pratap Bimb, the brother of Champaner's king Govardhan Bimb, established a new kingdom by conquering territories in the Konkan region. In the 12th century, his general Balkrishn-rao Somvanshi captured Thane from the Shilahara king Yashwant-rao, and went on to conquer the surrounding territories. In the 13th century, Nagar-shah - the ruler of Ghandivi (Gandevi) - captured the area. His relatives demanded control of three villages - Malad, Marol and Thane - as a reward for their good performance in this military campaign. When Nagar-shah refused their demand, they allied with the imperial Yadavas of Devagiri. The area subsequently came under the control of the Yadava prince Bimb-dev, before Nagarshah regained control of it as a vassal of the Delhi Sultanate. Subsequently, the area was successively ruled by some local families, the Muzaffarids of Gujarat, and the Portuguese.

The Thane area was contested between the Portuguese, the Mughals and the Marathas in the 17th century, with Shivaji capturing it from the Mughals in 1675. Later, the Portuguese regained control of Thane, and started building a fort there in 1734, but the Marathas captured it in 1737. The East India Company occupied Salsette Island, Thana Fort, Fort Versova and the island fort of Karanja at the start of the First Anglo-Maratha War. After a short period of time, the island was recaptured by the forces of Haripant Phadke and Tukoji Holkar. After the signing of the Treaty of Salbai (1782), both Thana Fort and the island of Salsette were under the control of the British.

Geography

::figure[src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/64/Thana_district_Places_of_Interest_1896_map.jpg" caption="Thane district: places of Interest (1896 map)"] ::

Climate

Thane has a tropical monsoon climate that borders on a tropical wet and dry climate. The overall climate is stable with high rainfall days and minimal days of extreme temperatures.

Temperature in Thane varies from 22 °C to 36 °C, with winter temperatures as low as 12 °C at night, and summer temperatures reaching 40 °C at noon. Lowest daytime temperatures are typically during the summer monsoon peak in July and August, when temperatures can plummet to 25 °C. Around 80% of the total annual rainfall is concentrated in June to October. The average annual rainfall is recorded at 2000–2500mm, and the humidity level ranges from 61% to 86%, rendering the area a humid zone.

| location = Thane (1991-2020) | single line = yes | metric first = yes |Jan record high C = 36.8 |Feb record high C = 40.7 |Mar record high C = 42.4 |Apr record high C = 43.2 |May record high C = 39.3 |Jun record high C = 38.2 |Jul record high C = 34.7 |Aug record high C = 33.3 |Sep record high C = 33.8 |Oct record high C = 37.8 |Nov record high C = 37.0 |Dec record high C = 36.2 |Jan record low C = 12.7 |Feb record low C = 11.6 |Mar record low C = 18.2 |Apr record low C = 20.0 |May record low C = 22.8 |Jun record low C = 20.2 |Jul record low C = 21.3 |Aug record low C = 21.8 |Sep record low C = 19.8 |Oct record low C = 19.6 |Nov record low C = 17.0 |Dec record low C = 15.0 | Jan high C = 32.5 | Feb high C = 33.9 | Mar high C = 35.1 | Apr high C = 36.1 | May high C = 35.0 | Jun high C = 33.5 | Jul high C = 31.2 | Aug high C = 30.4 | Sep high C = 31.1 | Oct high C = 34.0 | Nov high C = 34.1 | Dec high C = 33.4 | year high C = 33.5 | Jan low C = 20.0 | Feb low C = 20.6 | Mar low C = 22.1 | Apr low C = 24.3 | May low C = 25.3 | Jun low C = 23.6 | Jul low C = 25.0 | Aug low C = 25.0 | Sep low C = 24.4 | Oct low C = 24.2 | Nov low C = 22.6 | Dec low C = 21.1 | year low C = 23.0 | precipitation colour = green | Jan precipitation mm= 3.1 | Feb precipitation mm= 1.0 | Mar precipitation mm= 1.5 | Apr precipitation mm= 2.3 | May precipitation mm= 25.1 | Jun precipitation mm= 541.3 | Jul precipitation mm= 922.0 | Aug precipitation mm= 539.7 | Sep precipitation mm= 326.9 | Oct precipitation mm= 93.2 | Nov precipitation mm= 19.1 | Dec precipitation mm= 2.3 | year precipitation mm= 2477.5 |source 1 = India Meteorological Department{{cite web | url = https://imdpune.gov.in/library/public/Climatological%20Tables%201991-2020.pdf | title = Climatological Tables of Observatories in India 1991-2020 | publisher = India Meteorological Department | access-date = April 8, 2024 | source 2 = Government of Maharashtra (precipitation) | date= June 2012

Lakes

::data[format=table] | No. | Name | Image | Details | Coordinates | Area (in hectares) | |---|---|---|---|---|---| | 1 | Ambe Ghosale Lake | | At Meenatai Thakare Chowk, Castle Mill Naka (Opposite Desai Bunglow) in Uthalsar Ward committee | | 2.77 | | 2 | Brahamala Lake | | Near Babubhai Petrol Pump in Uthalsar Ward Committee | | 0.5173 | | 3 | Burbank Lake | | Inside Hiranandani Estate, between Park Avenue and Wood Street. To the west of it is Lake Enclave. | | 0.5857 | | 4 | Datiwali Lake | | East side of Diva station situated in the marshland of Ulhas river in Mumbra Ward Committee Area | | 0.77 | | 5 | Dawala Lake | | At Ovala in Majiwada-Manpada Prabhag Samiti | | 1.136 | | 6 | Desai Lake | | On westside of Ulhas river, in Desai village in Mumbra Ward Committee | | 1.75 | | 7 | Devasar Lake | | At the end of Bhayanderpada at foothills of Sanjay Gandhi National Park in Majiwada-Manpada Ward Committee | | 0.516 | | 8 | Diaghar Lake | | At the outskirts of Diaghar village in Mumbra Ward Committee | | 0.363 | | 9 | Diva Lake | | Situated just outside Diva station in Mumbra Ward Committee | | 0.405 | | 10 | Gokul Nagar Lake | | It is a small lake situated in the heart of the city in the midst of Gokulnagar slums in Uthalsar Ward Committee | | 0.325 | | 11 | Hariyali Lake | | Near Thane Railway Station in Kopari Ward Committee | | 0.7939 | | 12 | Jail Lake | | Opp. Post Office beside Jail Water Tank in Uthalsar Ward committee | | 1.43 | | 13 | Jogila Lake | | Near Uthalsar Ward office | | approx 0.1 | | 14 | Kacharali Lake | | Opp. TMC Head Office in Naupada Ward Committee | | 2 | | 15 | Kalwa Lake | | Kalwa Ward office. Located close to railway station | | 2 | | 16 | Kasar-Wadavali Lake | | Majivada, Manpada Ward office | | 4.5173 | | 17 | Kausa Lake | | Mumbra Ward office, Kausa | | 1.5173 | | 18 | Kavesar Lake | | Situated at Waghbill road | | 2.1746 | | 19 | Khardi Lake | | The lake is situated in premises of khardipada, Shil | | approx. 1.15 | | 20 | Kharegaon Lake | | Kalwa Ward office | | 0.7377 | | 21 | Khidkali Lake | | Mumbra Ward office Khidkali Lake is situated on the eastern side of the Thane creek near the Shil phata | | 1.7 | | 22 | Kolbad Lake | | Uthalsar Ward office | | 1 | | 23 | Kolshet Lake | | Manpada Ward office | | 1 | | 24 | Makhamali Talav | | Uthalsar Ward office | | 1 | | 25 | Masunda Lake (Talao Pali) | [[File:Masunda Lake in Thane.jpg|100px]] | Masunda Lake (also known as Talao Pali) is located on West of Thane, in the heart of Thane city. The lake is surrounded by important historic places like Gadkari Rangayatan, St. John church, Kopineshwar temple and Jambli market. There is a Mahadev Dhyan Mandir at the centre of the lake and also a statue of Shivaji Maharaj near the lake. | | 7.2 | | 26 | Naar Lake | | Naar Lake is situated on outskirts of Thane along the Ghodbunder road | | 0.7550 | | 27 | Phadakepada Lake | | Mumbra Ward office | | 1.71 | | 28 | Railadevi Lake | | Railadevi Ward office | | 8 | | 29 | Rewale Lake | | Majivada-manpada Ward office | | 0.5173 | | 30 | Shill Lake | | Mumbra Ward office | | 6 | | 31 | Shivaji Nagar, Balkumb Lake | | The lake is situated along old agra road next to water supply line in Balkum area | | 0.2247 | | 32 | Siddheshwar Lake | | Uthalsar Ward office | | 3 | | 33 | Upvan Lake | [[File:Upvan in Morning.jpg|100px]] | Lake is located at the foothills of Yeoor. A statue of Lord Shiva is situated in the middle of the lake. A Ganesh temple is situated near lake. | | 6 | | Reference: | | | | | | ::

Demographics

| source = Government of India |1901 | 16011 |1911 | 15591 |1921 | 22639 |1931 | 21816 |1941 | 29751 |1951 | 74310 |1961 | 109215 |1971 | 207352 |1981 | 431667 |1991 | 803389 |2001 | 1262551 |2011 | 1841488 |align = left

The population of Thane according to the 2011 census is 1,886,941 people. The literacy percentage is 91.36%, with male literacy at 94.19% and female literacy at 88.14%. The sex ratio of Thane city is 882 females per 1000 males. Child sex ratio is 900 girls per 1000 boys. Total children (0–6) in Thane city are 186,259 as per India's 2011 census. Children account for 10.24% of the total population of Thane.

The primary language spoken in Thane is Marathi, with widespread understanding and usage of Hindi. Some of the East Indian families in the Khatri ward of Thane still speak Portuguese. About 1,800 of India's approximately 5,000 Jews live in Thane.

At the time of the 2011 census, 48.50% of the population spoke Marathi, 19.59% Hindi, 12.99% Urdu, 3.93% Gujarati, 2.44% Bhojpuri, 1.37% Kannada, 1.29% Malayalam, 1.21% Bengali, 1.15% Tamil, 1.14% Marwari and 0.94% Konkani as their first language.

Sports

Cricket is the most popular sport in Thane. Thane is under the jurisdiction of the Mumbai Cricket Association, the governing body for cricket in Mumbai. Its players play for the Mumbai cricket team in Indian domestic cricket.

Transport

Railways

| align = right | direction = vertical | header = Thane railway viaducts | image1 = Tanna Village and Smaller Viaduct (12671597053).jpg | image2 = Tanna Railway Viaduct (9142699593).jpg | footer = The smaller railway viaduct (top) and the longer railway viaduct (bottom) near Tanna (present day Thane) in 1855.

Thana was the terminus for the first ever passenger train in Asia. On 16 April 1853, the passenger train service was inaugurated between Bori Bunder (Bombay) and Thane. Covering a distance of 34 km (21 mi), it was hauled by three locomotives: Sahib, Sindh and Sultan. The Thane viaducts, the first railway bridges, were built over the Thane creek when the Mumbai-Thane line was extended to Kalyan in May 1854.

Thane is connected with neighbouring suburbs through the Central and Trans-Harbour Line Suburban railway network. Thane is a railway junction for the Thane-Vashi & Panvel Harbour Line and Central Line. It is one of the busiest stations in India and handles 654,000 passengers daily.

Metro

As of January 2021, the MMRDA, the nodal agency for building 300 km of vast Metro network, has proposed a plan to build an elevated depot for three Metro lines : 4 (Wadala-Thane-Kasarvadavali), 4A (Kasarvadavali-Gaimukh), 10 (Gaimukh-Shivaji Nagar) and 11 (Wadala-General Post Office, CSMT) at one stop. This depot is proposed to be at Mogharpada, Thane. The total project cost is estimated to be ₹ 596.60 crore.

On 26 August 2015, the MMRDA sanctioned ₹354 billion for 118 km Mumbai metro network. This includes a 40-km Wadala-Ghatkopar-Thane-Kasarvadavali Metro-4 corridor via Wadala GPO and R.A.Kidwai Marg costing ₹120 billion.

As of 2019, a metro line is being built between Wadala and Thane.

On 16 August 2024, the Union Government gave its approval for Thane Metro, a 29 km ring metro project. It will have 22 stations, and is expected to open in 2029. The project will be executed by Maha Metro.

Thane Municipal Transport (TMT)

Main article: Thane Municipal Transport (TMT)

Thane Municipal Corporation started its transport service on 9 February 1989, known as Thane Municipal Transport (TMT). TMT provides services in Thane city and suburbs like Mulund, Borivali, Mira Road, Nala Sopara, Vasai, Bhiwandi and Navi Mumbai, among others. ::data[format=table]

Number of —	Details
Buses	299
Routes	45
Depots
Bus stands	8
Bus stops	874
km travelled per day	63,135
Daily bus trips	7,114
Daily passengers	280,017
Daily income	₹1,388,547/-
km travelled per day per bus	211
Employees	2,558
::

Navi Mumbai Municipal Transport (NMMT)

Main article: Navi Mumbai Municipal Transport

::figure[src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/21/Nmmtabc.jpg" caption="NMMT Buses"] ::

Navi Mumbai Municipal Transport (NMMT) operates AC and Non-AC buses from Thane Cidco Bus Stand to various parts of Navi Mumbai (Airoli, Rabale, Ghansoli, Mahape, Kopar Khairane, Vashi, Turbhe, Nerul, Belapur, Kharghar, Kalamboli, Panvel), as well as to Purna (via Kalher) and Bhiwandi (via Mankoli).

Mira Bhayandar Municipal Transport (MBMT)

Main article: Mira-Bhayandar Municipal Transport

::figure[src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f3/Buses_of_Mira-Bhayandar_Municipal_Transport.jpg" caption="MBMT Buses"] ::

Mira-Bhayandar Municipal Transport (MBMT) started in 2006. The buses start from Dahisar Check naka towards Versova [Thane] Check naka. MBMT has started new services to Thane City from January 2010.

::data[format=table]

Route	Route No	Starting	Destination (Thane)	Route Description
Ordinary	7	Bhayander Railway Station (West)	Ghodbunder Village	Kashimira
Limited	10 LTD	Bhayander Railway Station (West)	Thane Railway Station (East)	Ghodbunder Road
Ordinary	29	Mira Road Railway Station	Marathon Chowk (Teen Haath Naka)	Ghodbunder Road
::

Vasai-Virar Municipal Transport (VVMT)

Vasai Virar Municipal Transport (VVMT) operates two routes in Thane. One from Vasai to Mulund Via Thane/Ghodbunder road and another from Nala Sopara to Thane Kopri.

Future of transport in Thane

A light rail network covering 42 km has been proposed in three phases. In the first phase, consultants have suggested connectivity between Balkum and Kolshet via Naupada. It will be 16.05 km long with 11 stations in total.

Education

Schools

Colleges and Institutes

Notable people

Amrita Arora, film actress
Malaika Arora, film actress and dancer
Jitendra Awhad, Indian politician
Anand Dighe, former politician, popular by honorific "Dharmaveer". He was unit chief of Shiv Sena in Thane district.
Hruta Durgule, Indian television actress
Poorva Gokhale, television actress
Avinash Jadhav, politician
Suhas Joshi, film-television actor
Umesh Kamat, film-television actor
Sanjay Mukund Kelkar, politician
Prajakta Koli, YouTuber
Kavita Lad, film-television actress
Pramod Mahajan, Indian politician
Priya Marathe, television actress
Sanjeev Naik, politician
Anand Paranjpe, politician
Prakash Vishvanath Paranjape, politician
Ravindra Phatak, politician
Satish Pradhan, local politician
Pratap Sarnaik, politician
Prithvi Shaw, professional cricketer
Eknath Shinde, present Deputy Chief Minister of Maharashtra
Shrikant Shinde, Indian politician
Anant Tare, local politician
Laxmi Narayan Tripathi, Indian LGBT activist
Rajan Vichare, local politician

References

(30 January 2026). "Thane Mayor: ठाण्यात ५ वर्षात होणार ४ महापौर; सव्वा वर्षाचा फॉर्म्युला निश्चित, पहिला मान कुणाला मिळाला?".
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(7 September 2024). "Swachh Vayu Sarvekshan 2024".
"Thane Municipal Corporation | Lakes in Thane City".
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(20 October 2013). "Jew in Thane".
(2011). "Table C-16 Population By Mother Tongue: Maharashtra (Town level)". [[Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India]].
(2 February 2023). "महिला आयपीएल लिलावा ठाण्यात.". [[Lokmat]].
link. (7 July 2014)
[https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/mumbai/Thane-is-busiest-railway-station-in-Mumbai/articleshow/20129363.cms Thane is busiest railway station in Mumbai – Times Of India] . Articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com (19 May 2013). Retrieved 16 July 2013.
"Kalyan, Kurla and Thane among the 10 dirtiest stations in the country".
"Elevated Metro depot in Thane for 3 lines to cost Rs 596.60 crore".
Reporter, B. S.. (26 August 2015). "MMRDA sanctions Rs 35,400 cr for 118 km Mumbai metro network".
[https://www.hindustantimes.com/mumbai/soon-take-a-metro-from-south-mumbai-to-thane/story-qUhQAIQapVPKrukjMp3h7N.html Soon, take a metro from south Mumbai to Thane] {{Webarchive. link. (30 April 2013. Hindustan Times (23 April 2013). Retrieved 16 July 2013.)
"Maha Metro".
{{usurped
[http://mira-road.com/1_14_Mbmt.html Know your Town Better] {{Webarchive. link. (9 March 2010 . Mira-Road.com.)
[https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/mumbai/now-attention-on-thane-light-rail/articleshow/1345898.cms? Times of India report]. timesofindia.indiatimes.com. (26 December 2005).
"Podar International School".
"Best Vocational Education & Training Courses Institute in India {{!}} RAGC".

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