Tetrasilane

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title: "Tetrasilane" type: doc version: 1 created: 2026-02-28 author: "Wikipedia contributors" status: active scope: public tags: ["silanes", "inorganic-silicon-compounds", "pyrophoric-materials"] topic_path: "general/silanes" source: "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tetrasilane" license: "CC BY-SA 4.0" wikipedia_page_id: 0 wikipedia_revision_id: 0

| ImageFile = Tetrasilan.svg | ImageFile1 = Tetrasilane-3D-vdW.png |IUPACName=Tetrasilane | OtherNames = n-Tetrasilane | Section1 = {{Chembox Identifiers | CASNo= 7783-29-1 | CASNo_Ref = | ChemSpiderID = 122662 | EINECS = 616-515-4 | PubChem = 6327668 | UNII = OI9DXJ0BL4 | SMILES=[SiH3][SiH2][SiH2][SiH3] | StdInChI=1S/H10Si4/c1-3-4-2/h3-4H2,1-2H3 | StdInChIKey=MBDFFBCLMHNNID-UHFFFAOYSA-N | Section2 = {{Chembox Properties |Si=4|H=10 | Appearance= colourless liquid that self ignite in air | Density= 0.792 g·cm−3 | MeltingPt= −89.9 °C | BoilingPt= 108.1 °C | Solubility=reacts | Section7 = {{Chembox Hazards | GHS_ref= | GHSPictograms = | GHSSignalWord = Danger | HPhrases = | PPhrases = | Section8 = {{Chembox Related |OtherCompounds=butane

Tetrasilane is a silane with the structure formula SiH3–(SiH2)2–SiH3. It is the silane analog of butane.

Preparation

Tetrasilane can be prepared by reacting magnesium silicide (Mg2Si) with acids like 20% phosphoric acid in 50–60 °C. :

The reaction can produce silanes up to n=15. The reaction of magnesium silicide with 25% hydrochloric acid produces 40% monosilane, 30% disilane, 15% trisilane, 10% tetrasilane and 5% higher silanes. The mixture can be separated by fractional distillation.

In addition, higher silanes can also be obtained by discharges monosilane: : : : :

Properties

Tetrasilane is a colourless, pyrophoric liquid that has a disgusting odour. Even below 54 °C, it will still spontaneously combust. It is even more unstable than trisilane, slowly decomposing at room temperature, releasing hydrogen and forming shorter chain silanes.

Reactions

Photochemical disproportionation of tetrasilane will produce 3-silylpentasilane and disilane. :

With the presence of aluminium chloride, heating tetrasilane in xylene will allow isomerization to isotetrasilane. :

References

References

  1. Material Safety Data Sheet for Tetrasilane (Si4H10) ([http://www.voltaix.com/images/doc/Mssi056_tetrasilane.pdf PDF-Datei])
  2. {{RubberBible86th
  3. (2014). "Chemie der Nichtmetalle: Synthesen - Strukturen - Bindung – Verwendung". De Gruyter.
  4. (2011). "Lehrbuch der Anorganischen Chemie: Mit einem Anhang: Chemiegeschichte". Walter de Gruyter.
  5. (1923-07-04). "Siliciumwasserstoffe, XVI.: Die höheren Siliciumhydride".
  6. (March 1976). "Beiträge zur Chemie des Siliciums und Germaniums, XXVIII. Die photochemische Disproportionierung von n-Tetrasilan, Darstellung und Eigenschaften von 3-Silylpentasilan".
  7. (June 2014). "Beiträge zur Chemie des Siliciums und Germaniums, XXXII, Isomerisierung von höheren Silanen mit Aluminiumchlorid". Zeitschrift für Naturforschung B.

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silanesinorganic-silicon-compoundspyrophoric-materials