Ternopil

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City and administrative center of Ternopil Oblast, Ukraine

title: "Ternopil" type: doc version: 1 created: 2026-02-28 author: "Wikipedia contributors" status: active scope: public tags: ["ternopil", "cities-in-ternopil-oblast", "holocaust-locations-in-ukraine", "populated-places-established-in-1540", "historic-jewish-communities-in-ukraine", "cities-of-regional-significance-in-ukraine", "oblast-centers-in-ukraine"] description: "City and administrative center of Ternopil Oblast, Ukraine" topic_path: "geography" source: "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ternopil" license: "CC BY-SA 4.0" wikipedia_page_id: 0 wikipedia_revision_id: 0

::summary City and administrative center of Ternopil Oblast, Ukraine ::

::data[format=table title="Infobox settlement"]

FieldValue
nameTernopil
native_nameТернопіль
settlement_typeCity
image_skyline{{Photomontage
photo1aUA-TE Ternopil Buran 18-06-16.JPGCastle
photo2aTeatralnyi-maidan4501.jpg
photo2bFaine misto-11.jpg
photo3aValova-8-14103710.jpg
photo3bKaplytsia-Mykul-tsvyntar-14071240.jpg
photo4aЦерква над ставом.jpg
size260
spacing2
color#FFFFFF
border0
image_caption
image_flagFile:Flag of Ternopil.svg
image_blank_emblemLogo of Ternopil.svg
blank_emblem_typeBrandmark
image_shieldCoat of arms of Ternopil.svg
pushpin_mapUkraine#Ukraine Ternopil Oblast
pushpin_map_captionLocation within Ukraine
pushpin_relief1
subdivision_type
subdivision_nameUkraine
subdivision_type1Oblast
subdivision_name1Ternopil Oblast
subdivision_type2Raion
subdivision_name2Ternopil Raion
parts_style
parts
established_title
established_date1540 ( years ago)
leader_titleMayor
leader_nameSerhiy Nadal
leader_partySvoboda
leader_title1
leader_name1
unit_prefMetric
area_total_km286
area_land_km2
area_total_sq_mi33.2
elevation_m320
elevation_footnotes
(mean)
population_as_of
population_footnotes
population_total225004
population_density_km2auto
timezone
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utc_offset_DST+3
coor_type
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postal_code_type
area_code+380 352
website
blank_name
mapframeyes
mapframe-zoom10
mapframe-wikidatayes
subdivision_type3Hromada
subdivision_name3Ternopil urban hromada
::

| name = Ternopil | native_name = Тернопіль | other_name = | settlement_type = City | image_skyline = {{Photomontage|position=center | photo1a = UA-TE Ternopil Buran 18-06-16.JPGCastle | photo2a =Teatralnyi-maidan4501.jpg | photo2b = Faine misto-11.jpg | photo3a = Valova-8-14103710.jpg | photo3b = Kaplytsia-Mykul-tsvyntar-14071240.jpg | photo4a = Церква над ставом.jpg | size = 260 | spacing = 2 | color = #FFFFFF | border = 0 | image_caption = | image_flag = File:Flag of Ternopil.svg | flag_size = | image_blank_emblem = Logo of Ternopil.svg | blank_emblem_type = Brandmark | image_shield = Coat of arms of Ternopil.svg | shield_size = | pushpin_map = Ukraine#Ukraine Ternopil Oblast | pushpin_map_caption = Location within Ukraine | pushpin_relief = 1 | subdivision_type = Country | subdivision_name = Ukraine | subdivision_type1 = Oblast | subdivision_name1 = Ternopil Oblast | subdivision_type2 = Raion | subdivision_name2 = Ternopil Raion | parts_type = | parts_style = Default is list if up to 5 items, coll if more than 5-- | parts = | established_title = Founded | established_date = 1540 ( years ago) | government_footnotes = | government_type = | leader_title = Mayor | leader_name = Serhiy Nadal | leader_party = Svoboda | leader_title1 = | leader_name1 = | unit_pref = Metric | area_footnotes = | area_total_km2 = 86 | area_land_km2 = | area_water_km2 = | area_total_sq_mi = 33.2 | area_water_percent = | elevation_m = 320 | elevation_footnotes = (mean)

| population_as_of = 2022 | population_footnotes = | population_note = | population_total = 225004 | population_density_km2 = auto | timezone = CET | utc_offset = +2 | timezone_DST = CEST | utc_offset_DST = +3 | coor_type = | coordinates = | postal_code_type = | postal_code = | area_code = +380 352 | website = | blank_name = | blank_info = | footnotes = | mapframe = yes | mapframe-zoom = 10 | mapframe-wikidata = yes | subdivision_type3 = Hromada | subdivision_name3 = Ternopil urban hromada

Ternopil, known until 1944 mostly as Tarnopol, is a city in western Ukraine, located on the banks of the Seret River. Ternopil is one of the major cities of Western Ukraine and the historical regions of Galicia and Podolia. The population of Ternopil was estimated at

The city is the administrative center of Ternopil Oblast (region), as well as of surrounding Ternopil Raion (district) within the oblast. It hosts the administration of Ternopil urban hromada, one of the hromadas of Ukraine.

History

Main article: History of Ternopil

::figure[src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/92/Jan_Amor_Tarnowski.PNG" caption="[[Jan Amor Tarnowski]], founder of Tarnopol"] ::

The city was founded in 1540 by Polish commander and Hetman Jan Amor Tarnowski. Its Polish name, Tarnopol, means 'Tarnowski's city' and stems from a combination of the founder's family name and the Greek term polis. The city served as a military stronghold and castle During the 1672–1676 Polish–Ottoman War, Tarnopol was almost completely destroyed by Turkish forces of Ibrahim Shishman Pasha in 1675, then rebuilt by Aleksander Koniecpolski.

A period of decline followed, during which the city suffered from the rebellion of Bar Confederation, and in 1770 its population was significantly reduced by a cholera epidemic. In 1772, after the First Partition of Poland, the city came under Austrian rule. In 1809, after the War of the Fifth Coalition, the city came under Russian rule, incorporated into the newly created **, but in 1815 returned to Austrian rule in accordance with the Congress of Vienna. In 1870 Tarnopol was connected by railway with Lemberg and Pidvolochysk. During the late 19th and early 20th century it was the only urban locality in Galicia, where ethnic Ukrainians formed a majority compared to Poles. In 1898 a Ukrainian language gymnasium was opened in the city. Among notable representatives of the Ukrainian national movement active in Ternopil during that period were Oleksander Barvinsky and Volodymyr Luchakivskyi.

During World War I, the city passed from German and Austro-Hungarian forces to Russia several times. In 1916 a Ukrainian theatre and a number of schools teaching in the Ukrainian language were opened. by Polish forces. In July and August 1920, the Red Army captured Ternopil in the course of the Polish-Soviet War, and the city served as the capital of the short-lived Galician Soviet Socialist Republic. Under the terms of the Riga treaty, the area remained under Polish control. ::figure[src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a9/Kostel_Ternopil.jpg" caption="Church of St. Mary of the Perpetual Assistance]] was demolished after World War II."] ::

During the Interwar period the city served as the capital of Tarnopol Voivodeship, but its economic importance declined due to the closure of the nearby eastern border. In 1930 the local Ukrainian gymnasium was closed as part of government-promoted campaigns of Polonization and Pacification. Despite this, Ternopil continued to serve as a centre of Ukrainian culture, education, religion and sports. As a consequence of the Soviet invasion of Poland in 1939, Ternopil was incorporated into the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic as part of Ternopol Oblast.

On 2 July 1941, the city was occupied by the Nazis following mass executions of imprisoned locals by Soviet authorities. and another 6,000 were rounded up and sent to Belzec extermination camp. A few hundred others went to labor camps. During most of this time Jews lived in the Tarnopol Ghetto. Many Ukrainians were sent as forced labour to Germany. Following the act of restoration of the Ukrainian state, proclaimed by the Organization of Ukrainian Nationalists in Lviv on 30 June 1941, the Ukrainian Insurgent Army (UPA) was active in the Ternopil region and battled for the independence of Ukraine, opposing the Polish underground Armia Krajowa and People's Army of Poland as well as the Nazis and the Soviets. In 1942 the Germans operated the Stalag 323 prisoner-of-war camp for French POWs in the city. During the Soviet offensive in March and April 1944, the city was almost completely destroyed by Soviet artillery, losing over half of its buildings. It was occupied by the Red Army on 15 April 1944. After the second Soviet occupation, 85% of the city's living quarters were destroyed.

Following the Potsdam Conference in 1945, Poland's borders were redrawn and Ternopil was incorporated into the Ukrainian SSR of the Soviet Union. The ethnic Polish population of the area was forcibly deported to postwar Poland. In 1953 a plan of the city's reconstruction was approved, and in the following decades Ternopil was rebuilt in a typical Soviet style, with only a few pre-war buildings being restored. Under the Soviet rule Ternopil became an important industrial centre specializing in food production, as well as light industry, manufacturing of construction materials, electronics, machine-building etc. ::figure[src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/0a/Тернопіль_-Рогатка-_12062092.jpg" caption="Modern view of Ternopil"] ::

Following the fall of the Soviet Union, Ternopil became part of independent Ukraine, as a city of regional significance. On 31 December 2013, the 11th Artillery Brigade, the descendant of artillery units that had been based in the city since 1949, was disbanded. In 2020, as part of the administrative reform in Ukraine, which reduced the number of raions of Ternopil Oblast to three, the city was merged into Ternopil Raion.

During the Russo-Ukrainian War, Ternopil was struck by Russian missiles on 13 May 2023, minutes before Ternopil natives Tvorchi performed at the Eurovision Song Contest 2023. On 19 November 2025 another Russian strike hit a residential area, killing at least 34 people.

Geography

Climate

Ternopil has a moderate continental climate with cold winters and warm summers. |location = Ternopil (1991–2020, extremes 1949–present) | metric first = Yes | single line = Yes | Jan record high C = 13.9 | Feb record high C = 17.3 | Mar record high C = 25.0 | Apr record high C = 30.0 | May record high C = 30.2 | Jun record high C = 37.8 | Jul record high C = 38.4 | Aug record high C = 36.1 | Sep record high C = 32.1 | Oct record high C = 25.7 | Nov record high C = 19.9 | Dec record high C = 13.9 | year record high C = 38.4 | Jan high C = -1.1 | Feb high C = 0.6 | Mar high C = 5.9 | Apr high C = 14.0 | May high C = 19.6 | Jun high C = 22.6 | Jul high C = 24.7 | Aug high C = 24.5 | Sep high C = 19.0 | Oct high C = 12.6 | Nov high C = 5.5 | Dec high C = 0.3 | year high C = 12.4 | Jan mean C = -3.6 | Feb mean C = -2.4 | Mar mean C = 1.9 | Apr mean C = 8.7 | May mean C = 14.2 | Jun mean C = 17.5 | Jul mean C = 19.2 | Aug mean C = 18.7 | Sep mean C = 13.5 | Oct mean C = 8.0 | Nov mean C = 2.6 | Dec mean C = -2.2 | year mean C = 8.0 | Jan low C = -6.1 | Feb low C = -5.2 | Mar low C = -1.6 | Apr low C = 3.8 | May low C = 8.9 | Jun low C = 12.3 | Jul low C = 13.9 | Aug low C = 13.1 | Sep low C = 8.7 | Oct low C = 4.2 | Nov low C = 0.0 | Dec low C = -4.6 | year low C = 4.0 | Jan record low C = -31.6 | Feb record low C = -31.0 | Mar record low C = -23.9 | Apr record low C = -6.1 | May record low C = -2.2 | Jun record low C = -1.7 | Jul record low C = 4.0 | Aug record low C = 3.6 | Sep record low C = -4.0 | Oct record low C = -10.5 | Nov record low C = -18.0 | Dec record low C = -27.0 | year record low C = -31.6 | precipitation colour = green | Jan precipitation mm = 28 | Feb precipitation mm = 30 | Mar precipitation mm = 34 | Apr precipitation mm = 37 | May precipitation mm = 64 | Jun precipitation mm = 75 | Jul precipitation mm = 84 | Aug precipitation mm = 62 | Sep precipitation mm = 57 | Oct precipitation mm = 39 | Nov precipitation mm = 34 | Dec precipitation mm = 35 | year precipitation mm = 579 | unit precipitation days = 1.0 mm | Jan precipitation days = 7.9 | Feb precipitation days = 7.9 | Mar precipitation days = 7.9 | Apr precipitation days = 7.6 | May precipitation days = 9.7 | Jun precipitation days = 9.6 | Jul precipitation days = 9.8 | Aug precipitation days = 7.7 | Sep precipitation days = 7.4 | Oct precipitation days = 7.3 | Nov precipitation days = 7.2 | Dec precipitation days = 8.9 | year precipitation days = 98.9 | Jan humidity = 85.7 | Feb humidity = 83.5 | Mar humidity = 77.7 | Apr humidity = 68.8 | May humidity = 69.1 | Jun humidity = 72.2 | Jul humidity = 72.8 | Aug humidity = 71.7 | Sep humidity = 76.2 | Oct humidity = 80.5 | Nov humidity = 86.6 | Dec humidity = 87.0 | year humidity = 77.7 |source 1 = NOAA{{cite web | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20250422022243/https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/data/oceans/archive/arc0216/0253808/6.6/data/0-data/Region-6-WMO-Normals-9120/Ukraine/CSV/Ternopil_33415.csv | archive-date = 22 April 2025 | archive-format = CSV | format = CSV | url = https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/data/oceans/archive/arc0216/0253808/6.6/data/0-data/Region-6-WMO-Normals-9120/Ukraine/CSV/Ternopil_33415.csv | title = Ternopil Climate Normals 1991–2020 | work = World Meteorological Organization Climatological Standard Normals (1991–2020) | publisher = National Centers for Environmental Information | access-date = 22 April 2025}} |source 2 = Climatebase.ru (extremes) |date= June 2012}}

Demographics

Historical population

::figure[src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c3/Ternopil',_2_Kaminna_Str..jpg" caption="St. Jadwiga]] in Ternopil"] ::

According to the 2001 Ukrainian census, Ternopil city and Ternopil Oblast are homogeneously populated by ethnic Ukrainians. Both Ternopil city and Ternopil Oblast are also homogeneously Ukrainian-speaking.

Starting from the city's foundation and until the 20th century its demographics were dominated by Ukrainians, Poles and Jews. In 1900 44,3% of Ternopil's population belonged to Jewish religion, with most of the rest being Ukrainians and Poles. By 1939 the Jewish population had declined to 39,3%, the number of Poles had risen to 39,7% and Ukrainians comprised 19,2% of the population.

The city's population underwent a radical change following the establishment of the Soviet regime, and by 1959 78% of its inhabitants were Ukrainians, 15% - Russians, meanwhile the share of Poles had declined to 5%.

Modern situation

National breakdown of Ternopil Oblast (total population 1,138,500):

  • Ukrainians: 1,113,500 (97.8%)
  • Russians: 14,250 (1.2%)
  • Poles: 3,800 (0.3%)

Native languages in Ternopil:

According to a survey conducted by the International Republican Institute in 2023, 98% of the city's population spoke Ukrainian at home and 1% spoke Russian.

Economy

::figure[src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/da/Залізничний_вокзал_(м.Тернопіль).jpg" caption="Ternopil railway station"] ::

Ternopil is a centre for the light industry, food industry, radio-electronic and construction industries. In the Soviet and early post-Soviet period, a harvester plant and a porcelain factory operated in the city.

Transport

Ternopil is an important railway hub with connections to most major railway stations of Ukraine. The city lies on the M12 international highway connecting western and central regions of Ukraine. Trolleybus lines and a bus station are active in the city. Water transport operates on Ternopil artificial lake mostly for tourist purposes. An airport was opened for civilian traffic in 1985, but ceased commercial operations in 2010.

Higher education

::figure[src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/dc/ТДМУ_-Кафедра_гістології_та_ембріології-Дослідження_даних_електронного_мікроскопа-_16118427.jpg" caption="Teachers of Ternopil State Medical University."] ::

Universities include:

Main sights

Notable people

::figure[src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/cd/Kleeberg.jpg" caption="Franciszek Kleeberg"] ::

Sport

  • Olga Babiy (born 1989), Ukrainian chess player and Woman Grandmaster
  • Petr Badlo (born 1976), Ukrainian football manager and former footballer with 470 club caps
  • Olha Maslivets (born 1978), Russian windsurfer who competed at four Summer Olympics
  • Ihor Semenyna (born 1989), Ukrainian football midfielder with 330 club caps

People from Ternopil Oblast

::figure[src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/78/Solomiya_Krushelnytska.jpg" caption="Solomiya Krushelnytska"] ::

Lived in Ternopil

  • Sofia Yablonska (1907-1971), Ukrainian-French travel writer, photographer and architect
  • Les Kurbas (1887-1937), Ukrainian theatre director and actor, founder of the first Ukrainian theatre in Ternopil

International relations

::figure[src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/91/Den-mista-2014-prapor-EU-3430.jpg" caption="PACE]] member during a ceremony in 2014"] ::

Ternopil is twinned with:

Former twin towns include:

Stadium naming controversy

::figure[src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/35/City-Stadium-Ternopil-5090.jpg" caption="City stadium of Ternopil"] ::

In 2021, Ternopil created international outrage, especially in the Jewish community, by deciding to name a city stadium in honor of Nazi collaborator Roman Shukhevych. Shukhevych was the military leader of the Ukrainian Insurgent Army during World War II and was known for his collaboration with the Nazi regime as well as his responsibility for the massacres of Poles in Volhynia and Eastern Galicia. As a result, the City Council of Tarnów decided to suspend its partnership with Ternopil.

Joel Lion, the Israeli Ambassador to Ukraine, expressed Israel’s strong objection to the city's choice to name the stadium in honor of Roman Shukhevych. Lion wrote, "We strongly condemn the decision of Ternopil city council to name the City Stadium after the infamous Hauptman (Captain) of the SS 201st Schutzmannschaft Roman Shukhevych and demand the immediate cancellation of this decision".

The Eastern Europe Director of the Simon Wiesenthal Center, Efraim Zuroff wrote, "It is fully understandable that Ternopil seeks to honor those who fought against Soviet Communism, but not those behind the mass murder of innocent fellow citizens." in a statement attempting to convince Ternopil to reconsider the "renaming of its stadium in honor of Nazi collaborator, Hauptmann of the SS Schutzmannschaft 201, Roman Shukhevych, an active participant in the mass murder of Jews and Poles in World War II."

Russo-Ukrainian War

In June 2022, due to the full-scale Russian invasion and missile strikes from the territory of Belarus, Ternopil suspended its partnership with the city of Pinsk.

On 19 November 2025, a Russian strike on an apartment building in Ternopil killed at least 26 people, including 3 children.

Festivals

An international open-air music festival called has been held annually near Ternopil for two to four days in July since 2013.

Notes

References

Sources

References

  1. (28 December 2011). "Мер Тернополя продає побачення з собою".
  2. "Тернопольская городская громада". Портал об'єднаних громад України.
  3. "П ять століть Тарнополя. Місто гетьмана Яна і муляра Леонтія — Новини Укрінформ".
  4. (2013). "Kresy Zachodnie. Miejsce Galicji Wschodniej i Wołynia w państwie ukraińskim.". [[Centre for Eastern Studies]].
  5. (1993). "Mowa naszych przodków: podstawowe wiadomości z historii języka polskiego do końca XVIII w". TMJP.
  6. (March 27, 2016). "Виникнення і розвиток міста Тернопіль".
  7. (2000). "Енциклопедія українознавства. Словникова частина (ЕУ-II)".
  8. In 1917 the city and its castle were burned down by fleeing [[Imperial Russian Army. West Ukrainian People's Republic]] on 11 November 1918. After [[Second Polish Republic. Polish]] forces [[Battle of Lemberg (1918). captured]] [[Lwów]] during the [[Polish–Ukrainian War. November 11, 1918]] following bloody fighting, the Polish forces captured Lwów. The government of the WUPR moved to Ternopil and from the end of December the Council and the Government of the WUPR were located in [[Ivano-Frankivsk. Stanislaviv]].
    {{in lang. uk [http://www.ji-magazine.lviv.ua/inform/orlata/dovidka.htm West Ukrainian People's Republic] in the "Dovidnyk z istoriï Ukraïny" (A hand-book on the [[History of Ukraine]]), 3-Volumes, Kyiv, 1993–1999, {{ISBN. 5-7707-5190-8 (t. 1), {{ISBN. 5-7707-8552-7 (t. 2), {{ISBN. 966-504-237-8 (t. 3).
  9. (2015). "Tarnopol". [[Virtual Shtetl]] (Wirtualny Sztetl).
  10. (2012). "Encyclopedia of Camps and Ghettos". University of Indiana Press.
  11. (2022). "The United States Holocaust Memorial Museum Encyclopedia of Camps and Ghettos 1933–1945. Volume IV". Indiana University Press, United States Holocaust Memorial Museum.
  12. (2007). "Das Deutsche Reich und der Zweite Weltkrieg: Die Ostfront 1943/44 – Der Krieg im Osten und an den Nebenfronten". Deutsche Verlags-Anstalt.
  13. (1999). "Przesiedlenie ludności polskiej z Kresów Wschodnich do Polski 1944–1947". Neriton.
  14. link. (16 April 2014). Ukrainian Independent Information Agency
  15. (2020-07-18). "Про утворення та ліквідацію районів. Постанова Верховної Ради України № 807-ІХ.".
  16. (17 July 2020). "Нові райони: карти + склад". Міністерство розвитку громад та територій України.
  17. (2023-05-13). "Ukraine Eurovision act's city Ternopil attacked before performance". BBC News.
  18. (2025-11-23). "ОВА: У Тернополі вже 34 загиблих — останню людину ідентифікують. Рештки зниклих безвісти можуть так і не знайти".
  19. "Ternopil, Ukraine Climate Data". Climatebase.
  20. "2001 {{!".
  21. (April–May 2023). "Восьме всеукраїнське муніципальне опитування". [[International Republican Institute]].
  22. Padokh, Yaroslav. (2001). "Chubaty, Mykola".
  23. {{Cite EB1911. Bain. Robert Nisbet
  24. "Städtepartnerschaften".
  25. Hodara, Susan. (October 26, 2008). "Communities; Cities Find Sisters Abroad". The New York Times.
  26. "Elbląg – Podstrony / Miasta partnerskie". Elbląski Dziennik Internetowy.
  27. "Elbląg – Miasta partnerskie". Elbląg.net.
  28. "Batumi – Twin Towns & Sister Cities". Batumi City Hall.
  29. Piotrowski, Tadeusz. (2007-01-09). "Poland's Holocaust: Ethnic Strife, Collaboration with Occupying Forces and Genocide in the Second Republic, 1918-1947". McFarland.
  30. "Israeli Envoy in Ukraine Slams Naming of Soccer Stadium in Honor of Nazi Ally Roman Shukhevych".
  31. "Tarnów zawiesza współpracę z Tarnopolem".
  32. "Israel protests against western Ukrainian city naming stadium in honor of Shukhevych".
  33. "Israel's Ambassador demands cancellation of decision on Ternopil stadium's name".
  34. (17 March 2021). "FIFA urged to take action after stadium renamed for Nazi collaborator".
  35. https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/cy0yere4k0zo
  36. "Russian attack on Ternopil: 25 killed, including 3 children, and 66 injured – photos".
  37. "Faine Misto Festival". [[European Festivals Association]].
  38. "ФАЙНЕ МІСТО {{!}} ТЕРИТОРІЯ ВІЛЬНИХ ЛЮДЕЙ {{!}} Історія".

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ternopilcities-in-ternopil-oblastholocaust-locations-in-ukrainepopulated-places-established-in-1540historic-jewish-communities-in-ukrainecities-of-regional-significance-in-ukraineoblast-centers-in-ukraine