Tarbikha

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title: "Tarbikha" type: doc version: 1 created: 2026-02-28 author: "Wikipedia contributors" status: active scope: public tags: ["district-of-acre", "arab-villages-depopulated-during-the-1948-arab–israeli-war"] topic_path: "geography/israel" source: "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tarbikha" license: "CC BY-SA 4.0" wikipedia_page_id: 0 wikipedia_revision_id: 0

::data[format=table title="Infobox settlement"]

FieldValue
nameTarbikha
native_nameتربيخا
native_name_langar
settlement_typeFormer village
imagesize200
image_captionVillage mosque, in 2007
etymologypossibly from Teir Bikha, the Fortress of Bikha
pushpin_mapMandatory Palestine
coordinates
grid_namePalestine grid
grid_position177/276
subdivision_typeGeopolitical entity
subdivision_nameMandatory Palestine
subdivision_type1Subdistrict
subdivision_name1Acre
established_title1Date of depopulation
established_date1Early November 1948
established_title2Repopulated dates
area_footnotes
unit_prefdunam
area_total_dunam18,563
population_as_of1945
population_total1,000
blank_name_sec1Cause(s) of depopulation
blank_info_sec1Expulsion by Yishuv forces
blank3_name_sec1Current Localities
blank3_info_sec1Shomera, Even Menachem, Shtula, Zar'it
::

| name = Tarbikha | native_name = تربيخا | native_name_lang = ar | settlement_type = Former village | imagesize = 200 | image_caption = Village mosque, in 2007 | etymology = possibly from Teir Bikha, the Fortress of Bikha | pushpin_map = Mandatory Palestine | pushpin_map_caption = Location within Mandatory Palestine | image_map = | map_caption = A series of historical maps of the area around Tarbikha (click the buttons) | pushpin_mapsize = | coordinates = | grid_name = Palestine grid | grid_position = 177/276 | subdivision_type = Geopolitical entity | subdivision_name = Mandatory Palestine | subdivision_type1 = Subdistrict | subdivision_name1 = Acre | established_title1 = Date of depopulation | established_date1 = Early November 1948 | established_title2 = Repopulated dates | area_footnotes = | unit_pref = dunam | area_total_dunam = 18,563 | population_as_of = 1945 | population_total = 1,000 | blank_name_sec1 = Cause(s) of depopulation | blank_info_sec1 = Expulsion by Yishuv forces | blank3_name_sec1 = Current Localities | blank3_info_sec1 = Shomera, Even Menachem, Shtula, Zar'it

Tarbikha (), was a Palestinian Arab village. It was located 27 km northeast of Acre in the British Mandate District of Acre that was captured and depopulated by the Israel Defense Forces during the 1948 Arab-Israeli war. The inhabitants of this village were, similar to the inhabitants of Southern Lebanon, Shia Muslims.

History

Three sarcophagi were found on the south side of the village. A semi-circular pool, cisterns and tombs were also found.

Tarbikha was located on the site of the Crusaders Tayerebika, from which it derived its name. In 1220 Jocelyn III's daughter Beatrix de Courtenay and her husband Otto von Botenlauben, Count of Henneberg, sold their land, including Tayerbica, to the Teutonic Knights.

Ottoman era

Tarbikha was incorporated into the Ottoman Empire in 1517 with the rest of Palestine, and by 1596 it was part of the nahiya (subdistrict) of Tibnin under the Liwa of Safad, with a population of 88. It paid taxes on a number of crops, including wheat, olives and barley, as well as on goats, beehives and a press that was used for processing either olives or grapes.

In the late nineteenth century, the village of Tarbikha was described as being built of stone and situated on a ridge. The population was estimated at being around 100, and they lived by cultivating olives. During this period Tarbikha was a part of the Beirut province. Only after World War I, when the borders between Lebanon and Palestine were delineated by the British and French, did Tarbikha come under Palestinian administration.

British Mandate era

::figure[src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/0a/SevenShiaVillages.png" caption="Map of the seven former Shia villages in Israel"] ::

In the 1931 census of Palestine, conducted by the British Mandate authorities, Tarbikha had a population of 674; 1 Christian and the rest Muslims, in a total of 149 houses.

The village had two mosques, and an elementary school, founded after 1938, which had an enrollment of 120 students in the mid-1940s. It also had a customs office and a police station for monitoring the Lebanese border.

In the 1945 statistics the village population was counted together with that of Suruh and Al-Nabi Rubin, together they had 1000 Muslim inhabitants while 112 dunams were built-up (urban) area.

1948 war and aftermath

The town was assaulted during Operation Hiram by the Oded Brigade on 30 October 1948. The population was ordered to leave for Lebanon in early November. The military did not let the Arabs gather the crops they planted; rather the military allowed the Jews of the kibbutz Tarbikha to gather the crops and left the villages unguarded, which allowed any passerby access to the items in the unguarded village. The village lands of Tarbikha were settled by Jewish immigrants from Hungary and Romania as part of the policy of Judaisation of Northern Israel.

The Palestinian historian Walid Khalidi, described the village remaining structures in 1992: "About twenty houses from the village are now occupied by the residents of Moshav Shomera. Some of the roofs have been remodeled and given a gabled form. Stones from the original houses embellish the roof of the central shelter of the moshav."

In 1994, the refugees from the seven villages, who had been classified as Palestinian refugees since 1948, were granted Lebanese citizenship.

References

Bibliography

  • {{cite book |last1=Conder|first1=C.R.|author-link1=Claude Reignier Conder |last2=Kitchener|first2=H.H.|author-link2=Herbert Kitchener, 1st Earl Kitchener |year=1881|url=https://archive.org/details/surveyofwesternp01conduoft|title=The Survey of Western Palestine: Memoirs of the Topography, Orography, Hydrography, and Archaeology|location=London|publisher=Committee of the Palestine Exploration Fund|volume=1}}
  • {{cite book |title=Village Statistics, April, 1945|url=http://web.nli.org.il/sites/nli/Hebrew/library/Pages/BookReader.aspx?pid=856390|author=Department of Statistics|year=1945|publisher=Government of Palestine}}
  • {{cite book|title=Village Statistics of 1945: A Classification of Land and Area ownership in Palestine|url=http://www.palestineremembered.com/Articles/General-2/Story3150.html |first=S.|last=Hadawi|author-link=Sami Hadawi |year=1970|publisher=Palestine Liberation Organization Research Center}}
  • {{cite book |last1=Hütteroth |first1=W.-D.|author-link1=Wolf-Dieter Hütteroth |last2=Abdulfattah|first2=K. |author-link2=Kamal Abdulfattah |title=Historical Geography of Palestine, Transjordan and Southern Syria in the Late 16th Century |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wqULAAAAIAAJ |year=1977 |publisher=Erlanger Geographische Arbeiten, Sonderband 5. Erlangen, Germany: Vorstand der Fränkischen Geographischen Gesellschaft |isbn=978-3-920405-41-4 }}
  • {{cite book| title=All That Remains: The Palestinian Villages Occupied and Depopulated by Israel in 1948|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_By7AAAAIAAJ |first=W.|last=Khalidi|author-link=Walid Khalidi |year=1992|location=Washington D.C.|publisher=Institute for Palestine Studies |isbn=978-0-88728-224-9}}
  • {{cite book |last=Palmer|first=E.H.|author-link=Edward Henry Palmer |year=1881|url=https://archive.org/details/surveyofwesternp00conduoft|title=The Survey of Western Palestine: Arabic and English Name Lists Collected During the Survey by Lieutenants Conder and Kitchener, R. E. Transliterated and Explained by E.H. Palmer|publisher=Committee of the Palestine Exploration Fund}}
  • {{cite book |last=Rhode|first=H.|author-link=Harold Rhode |date=1979|url=https://www.academia.edu/2026845|title=Administration and Population of the Sancak of Safed in the Sixteenth Century|publisher=Columbia University|access-date=3 November 2017|archive-date=1 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200301141739/https://www.academia.edu/2026845/The_Administration_and_Population_of_the_Sancak_of_Safed_in_the_Sixteenth_Century|url-status=dead}}
  • {{cite book |last=Röhricht|first=R.|author-link=Reinhold Röhricht |title=(RRH) Regesta regni Hierosolymitani (MXCVII-MCCXCI)|url=https://archive.org/details/regestaregnihie00rhgoog|year=1893|publisher=Libraria Academica Wageriana|location=Berlin|language=la}}
  • {{cite book |editor-last=Strehlke | editor-first = E.| editor-link = Ernst Strehlke |title=Tabulae Ordinis Theutonici ex tabularii regii Berolinensis codice potissimum |url=https://archive.org/details/tabulaeordinist00stregoog|year=1869|publisher=Weidmanns |location=Berlin}}

References

  1. Palmer, 1881, p. [https://archive.org/stream/surveyofwesternp00conduoft#page/56/mode/1up 56]
  2. Morris, 2004, p. [https://books.google.com/books?id=uM_kFX6edX8C&pg=PR17 xvii], village #66 Also gives cause of depopulation. Also see p. 474
  3. Department of Statistics, 1945, p. [http://users.cecs.anu.edu.au/~bdm/yabber/census/VSpages/VS1945_p05.jpg 5]
  4. Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics. ''Village Statistics, April, 1945.'' Quoted in Hadawi, 1970, p. [http://www.palestineremembered.com/download/VillageStatistics/Table%20I/Acre/Page-041.jpg 41]
  5. Morris, 2004, p. [https://books.google.com/books?id=uM_kFX6edX8C&pg=PR22 xxii], settlement #154
  6. Conder and Kitchener, 1881, SWP I, p. [https://archive.org/stream/surveyofwesternp01conduoft#page/193/mode/1up 193]
  7. In 1183 it was noted that ''[[Officers of the Kingdom of Cyprus#Chamberlain. Godfrey de Tor]]'' sold the land of the village to [[Joscelin III, Count of Edessa. Joscelin III]].Strehlke, 1869, pp. [https://archive.org/stream/tabulaeordinist00stregoog#page/n31/mode/1up 15]-16, No. 16; cited in Röhricht, 1893, RRH, p. [https://archive.org/stream/regestaregnihie00rhgoog#page/n171/mode/1up 125], No. 624; cited in Frankel, 1988, p. 264
  8. Strehlke, 1869, pp. [https://archive.org/stream/tabulaeordinist00stregoog#page/n59/mode/1up 43]- 44, No. 53; cited in Röhricht, 1893, RRH, p. [https://archive.org/stream/regestaregnihie00rhgoog#page/n254/mode/1up 248], No. 934; cited in Frankel, 1988, p. 264
  9. Hütteroth and Abdulfattah, 1977, p. 183. Quoted in Khalidi, 1992, p. 33
  10. Note that Rhode, 1979, p. [https://www.academia.edu/2026845 6] {{Webarchive. link. (1 March 2020 writes that the register that Hütteroth and Abdulfattah studied was not from 1595/6, but from 1548/9)
  11. Conder and Kitchener, 1881, SWP I, p.[https://archive.org/stream/surveyofwesternp01conduoft#page/150/mode/1up 150]. Quoted in Khalidi, 1992, p. 33
  12. Khalidi, 1992, p.33
  13. Mills, 1932, p. [https://archive.org/details/CensusOfPalestine1931.PopulationOfVillagesTownsAndAdministrativeAreas 103]
  14. and a total of 18,563 dunams of land. Of this, a total of 3,200 dunums allocated to cereals, while 619 dunums were irrigated or used for orchards,Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics. ''Village Statistics, April, 1945.'' Quoted in Hadawi, 1970, p. [http://www.palestineremembered.com/download/VillageStatistics/Table%20II/Acre/Page-081.jpg 81]
  15. Khalidi, 1992, p. 33-34
  16. Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics. ''Village Statistics, April, 1945.'' Quoted in Hadawi, 1970, p. [http://www.palestineremembered.com/download/VillageStatistics/Table%20III/Acre/Page-131.jpg 131]
  17. Morris, 2004, p. [https://books.google.com/books?id=uM_kFX6edX8C&pg=PA474 474]
  18. Morris, 2004, pp. [https://books.google.com/books?id=uM_kFX6edX8C&pg=PA506 506]-507
  19. Totah, 1955, p. [https://books.google.com/books?id=jGk9AAAAMAAJ&q=Tarbikha 192]
  20. Judaised]] through the 'absorption settlements'-[[moshavim]] and development towns - such as at [[Tarshiha]], [[Suhmata]], [[Deir al Qasi]], Tarbikha, [[Meirun]], [[Sammu’i]], [[Safsaf]], [[Ras al Ahmar']].''
  21. Khalidi, 1992, p. 34
  22. Peteet, 2005, p. [https://books.google.com/books?id=VJc3Yhdc48wC&pg=PA177 177]

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district-of-acrearab-villages-depopulated-during-the-1948-arab–israeli-war