Tamluk

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Town in West Bengal, India

title: "Tamluk" type: doc version: 1 created: 2026-02-28 author: "Wikipedia contributors" status: active scope: public tags: ["cities-and-towns-in-purba-medinipur-district", "cities-in-west-bengal"] description: "Town in West Bengal, India" topic_path: "geography" source: "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tamluk" license: "CC BY-SA 4.0" wikipedia_page_id: 0 wikipedia_revision_id: 0

::summary Town in West Bengal, India ::

::data[format=table title="Infobox settlement"]

FieldValue
nameTamluk
other_nameTamralipta, Tamralipti, Tamolika
settlement_typeCity
image_skylineBargabhima Temple Arnab Dutta.jpg
image_captionBargabhima temple at Tamluk
pushpin_mapIndia West Bengal#India3#Asia
pushpin_label_positionright
pushpin_map_captionLocation in West Bengal, India
coordinates
subdivision_typeCountry
subdivision_nameIndia
subdivision_type1State
subdivision_name1West Bengal
subdivision_type2District
subdivision_name2East Medinipur
established_title
government_typeMunicipality
governing_body
unit_prefMetric
area_footnotes
area_total_km217.86
elevation_m7
population_total65,306
population_as_of2011
population_density_km2auto
population_footnotes
demographics_type1Languages
demographics1_title1Official
demographics1_info1Bengali
demographics1_title2Additional official
demographics1_info2English
timezone1IST
utc_offset1+5:30
postal_code_typePIN
postal_code721636 721627 721648 721649
area_code_typeTelephone code
area_code91-3228
registration_plateWB 29-xxxx, WB 30-xxxx
blank1_name_sec1Lok Sabha constituency
blank1_info_sec1Tamluk
blank2_name_sec1Vidhan Sabha constituency
blank2_info_sec1Tamluk
website
::

| name = Tamluk | other_name = Tamralipta, Tamralipti, Tamolika | settlement_type = City | image_skyline = Bargabhima Temple Arnab Dutta.jpg | image_alt = | image_caption = Bargabhima temple at Tamluk | nickname = | image_map = | map_alt = | map_caption = | pushpin_map = India West Bengal#India3#Asia | pushpin_label_position = right | pushpin_map_alt = | pushpin_map_caption = Location in West Bengal, India | coordinates = | subdivision_type = Country | subdivision_name = India | subdivision_type1 = State | subdivision_name1 = West Bengal | subdivision_type2 = District | subdivision_name2 = East Medinipur | established_title = | established_date = | founder = | named_for = | government_type = Municipality | governing_body = | unit_pref = Metric | area_footnotes = | area_rank = | area_total_km2 = 17.86 | elevation_footnotes = | elevation_m = 7 | population_total = 65,306 | population_as_of = 2011 | population_rank = | population_density_km2 = auto | population_demonym = | population_footnotes = | demographics_type1 = Languages | demographics1_title1 = Official | demographics1_info1 = Bengali | demographics1_title2 = Additional official | demographics1_info2 = English | timezone1 = IST | utc_offset1 = +5:30 | postal_code_type = PIN | postal_code = 721636 721627 721648 721649 | area_code_type = Telephone code | area_code = 91-3228 | registration_plate = WB 29-xxxx, WB 30-xxxx | blank1_name_sec1 = Lok Sabha constituency | blank1_info_sec1 = Tamluk | blank2_name_sec1 = Vidhan Sabha constituency | blank2_info_sec1 = Tamluk | website = | footnotes = ::figure[src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c5/Tamluk_Rajbari_ruins_at_Tamluk_town_located_under_Purba_Medinipur_district_in_West_Bengal_09.jpg" caption="Ruins of Tamluk Rajbari"] ::

::figure[src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/82/Radhamadhab_and_Radharaman_Deul_temple_at_Tamluk_town_under_Purba_Medinipur_district_in_West_Bengal_04.jpg" caption="Radhamadhab and Radharaman Deul temple in Tamluk"] ::

Tamluk (), is a town and a municipality in the Indian state of West Bengal. It is one of the oldest continuously inhabited cities of the world and the headquarters of the Purba Medinipur district. Though there is some controversy, scholars have generally agreed that present-day Tamluk is the site of the ancient city variously known as Tamralipta or Tamralipti, where Hiuen Tsang, a Chinese traveller, visited the town, is now located on the banks of Rupnarayan River, close to the Bay of Bengal.

Name

According to T. N. Ramachandran, the name "Tamluk" is related to the older form Tamālikā, which is a variant spelling (found in the Trikāṇḍaśesha) of the ancient name Tāmraliptī (or Tāmralipta). Other names listed in the Trikāṇḍaśesha and the Abhidānachintāmaṇi as referring to Tāmraliptī include Staṁbhapura, Velākūla, and Vishṇugṛiha.

History

Main article: Tamralipta

This ancient kingdom and port city was bounded by the Bay of Bengal in the south, Rupnarayan River in the east and Subarnarekha River in the west. The Rupnarayana is the joint flow of the rivers Dwarakeswar and Silai. The Bay of Bengal and these great rivers with their numerous branches created a prosperous and easy water navigational system fostering commerce, culture and early contacts with the people outside the region. At the same time, these rivers helped to develop the agriculture in this region.

Archaeological remains show continuous settlement from about the 3rd century BC. It was known as Tramralipta (in the Puranas and the Mahabharata), Tamralipta (in the Mahabharata), Tamalika (in historical documents), Tamalitti (in foreigners' descriptions), or Tamoluk (in the British Raj). It was a seaport, now buried under river silt. For this reason, Tamluk has many ponds and lakes remaining today.

In the Mahabharata (Bhishma Parba/Nabam Adhyay), while describing the names of the holiest rivers and kingdoms of India, Sanjay took the name of "Tramralipta" to Dhritarashtra.

Tamluk was also known as Bhivas, in religious texts, and Madhya Desh, as the Middle State of Utkal/Kalinga and Banga.

According to Jain sources, Tamralipti was the capital of the tamralipti janapada and was long known as a port.

Archaeology

Several archaeological find sites have been found in Tamluk, including a number of high mounds in the town as well as in and around various tanks. The Bargabhīmā Temple, in the middle of town, is built on one such mound. Another mound is now occupied by the local Mission house. Here, people digging a well found wood fragments at a depth of 50 feet, which T. N. Ramachandran compared to the remains of the Maurya-era wooden palisade found at Pataliputra. At another high mound, this one by the Rupnarayan riverbank, a hoard of about 350 coins dated to the 1st-2nd centuries BCE was found by K. N. Dikshit in the early 1920s.

Just east of the Rajbari in central Tamluk is a large square tank called Khātpukūr, which probably dates from the 15th century. Digging here, Ramachandran's group found terracotta remains with similarities to Shunga-period artifacts, but because of where they were found, Ramachandran did not assign them a date. Among the artifacts found at Khātpukūr were a couple of Egyptian-style vases, which also could not be dated. They may have been either imports from Egypt or local imitations of Egyptian style. Either way, their presence indicates long-distance cultural contact due to maritime trade, as would be expected at a major port like Tāmraliptī. At another site, "an oblong tank next to the local school", old brick walls and terracotta fragments were found under Gurusday Dutt. Various items were found in and around a couple of tanks on Adhikaripara Road, Padambasan Road, and School Road.

A group led by T. N. Ramachandran undertook a survey of various sites in Tamluk in the 1940s.

Geography

| width=320| height=350| zoom=10 | coord=| float=left|caption=Cities and towns in Tamluk subdivision of Purba Medinipur district M: municipal city/ town, CT: census town, R: rural/ urban centre, H: historical/ religious centre Owing to space constraints in the small map, the actual locations in a larger map may vary slightly |mark-coord1= | label-pos1=left|label1=Panskura | numbered1=M| mark-title1= Panskura (M)|label-color1=#800000 |label-size1=13| mark-size1=13|shape1=l-circle|shape-color1=#800000|shape-outline1=white|label-offset-x1=2 |mark-coord2= | label-pos2=right|label2=Tamluk| numbered2=M| mark-title2= Tamluk (M)|shape-color2=black| label-size2=13|label-color2=black |mark-coord3= | label-pos3=right|label3=Kolaghat | numbered3=CT| mark-title3= Kolaghat (CT)|shape-color3=#A40000 |mark-coord4= | label-pos4=right|label4=Amalhara | numbered4=CT| mark-title4= Amalhara (CT)|shape-color4=#C40000 |mark-coord5= | label-pos5=left|label5=Mihitikri | numbered5=CT| mark-title5= Mihitikri (CT)|shape-color5=#C40000 |mark-coord6= | label-pos6=left|label6=Kharisha | numbered6=CT| mark-title6= Kharisha (CT)|shape-color6=#C40000 |mark-coord7= | label-pos7=right|label7=Kakdihi | numbered7=CT| mark-title7= Kakdihi (CT)|shape-color7=#C40000 |mark-coord8= | label-pos8=left|label8=Shantipur | numbered8=CT| mark-title8= Shantipur, Purba Medinipur (CT)|shape-color8=#C40000 |mark-coord9= | label-pos9=left|label9=Anantapur | numbered9=CT| mark-title9= Anantapur, Purba Medinipur (CT)|shape-color9=#C40000 |mark-coord10= | label-pos10=right|label10=Dakshin Baguan | numbered10=CT| mark-title10= Dakshin Baguan (CT)|shape-color10=#C40000 |mark-coord11= | label-pos11=right|label11=Goasafat | numbered11=CT| mark-title11= Goasafat (CT)|shape-color11=#c40000 |mark-coord12= | label-pos12=right|label12=Kotbar | numbered12=CT| mark-title12= Kotbar (CT)|shape-color12=#C40000 |mark-coord13= | label-pos13=right|label13=Erashal | numbered13=CT| mark-title13= Erashal (CT)|shape-color13=#C40000 |mark-coord14= | label-pos14=left|label14= Chatara| numbered14=R| mark-title14= Chatara (R)|shape-color14=#C40000 |mark-coord15= | label-pos15=right|label15= Shyamsundarpur Patna| numbered15=R| mark-title15= Shyamsundarpur Patna (R)|shape-color15=#C40000 |mark-coord16= | label-pos16=left|label16= Uttar Mechogram| numbered16=R| mark-title16= Uttar Mechogram (R)|shape-color16=#C40000 |mark-coord17= | label-pos17=left|label17= Janu Basan| numbered17=R| mark-title17= Janu Basan (R)|shape-color17=#C40000 |mark-coord18= | label-pos18=left|label18= Moyna| numbered18=R| mark-title18= Moyna, Purba Medinipur (R)|shape-color18=#C40000 |mark-coord19= | label-pos19=left|label19= Nandakumar| numbered19=R| mark-title19= Nandakumar, Purba Medinipur (R)|shape-color19=#C40000 |mark-coord20= | label-pos20=left|label20= Chandipur| numbered20=R| mark-title20= Chandipur, Purba Medinipur (R)|shape-color20=#C40000 |mark-coord21= | label-pos21=left|label21= Chak Srikrishnapur| numbered21=R| mark-title21= Chak Srikrishnapur (R)|shape-color21=#C40000 |mark-coord22= | label-pos22=left|label22= Bhabanipur| numbered22=R| mark-title22= Bhabanipur, Purba Medinipur (R)|shape-color22=#C40000 |mark-coord23=| label23=Rupnarayan| label-color23 = #77A1CB| label-angle23=80| label-pos23=right| label-size23=10| mark-size23=0| mark-title23=none |mark-coord24= | label-pos24=left|label24= Dakshin Maynadal| numbered24=H| mark-title24= Dakshin Maynadal (H)| shape-color24=#AA6666 |mark-coord25= | label-pos25=left|label25= Purbba Gopalpur| numbered25=H| mark-title25= Purbba Gopalpur (H)| shape-color25=#AA6666}}

Tamluk is located on the right bank of the Rupnarayan river, about 19 km upstream from where it joins the Hooghly River.

Police station

::figure[src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/22/Purba_medinipur.png" caption="Map of Purba Medinipur showing Tamluk"] ::

Tamluk police station has jurisdiction over Tamluk (municipality) and Tamluk CD Block. Tamluk police station covers an area of 214.14 km2 with a population of 352,748.

Demographics

|1972 |5,849 |1881 |6,044 |1891 |6,612 |1901 |8,085 |1911 |8,048 |1921 |8,348 |1931 |9,095 |1941 |12,079 |1951 |13,599 |1961 |17,986 |1971 |22,478 |1981 |29,367 |1991 | |2001 | |2011 |65,306 |footnote= |source=Census of India}} According to 2011 Indian Census, Tamluk had a total population of 65,306, of which 33,260 were males and 32,046 were females. Population within the age group of 0 to 6 years was 6,180. The total number of literates in Tamluk was 53,318, which constituted 81.6% of the population with male literacy of 85.0% and female literacy of 78.1%. The effective literacy rate of population (7 years and above) of Tamluk was 90.2%, of which male literacy rate was 94.0% and female literacy rate was 86.2%. The Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes population was 4,441 and 201 respectively. Tamluk had 14489 households in 2011.

Transport

Tamluk has two railway stations - Tamluk Junction and Sahid Matangini.

Education

Schools

  • Sudhir Memorial Institute Tamluk :- It is an CBSE English - Medium School
  • Tamralipta Public School, an ICSE and ISC affiliated school
  • Matangini Mission School, Tamluk :- It is a Bengali & English - Medium School
  • Tamluk Hamilton High School :- A school under West Bengal board, established on 1852.
  • Rajkumari Santanamoyee Girls' High School :- A school under West Bengal board
  • Tamluk High School :- A school under West Bengal board
  • Demari High School :- A school under West Bengal board
  • Tamralipta Vidyapith School : A school under West Bengal board
  • Ratnali Adarsha Valika Vidyalaya : A school under West Bengal board
  • Radhaballavpur Bhima Charan Basu Vidyapith : A school under West Bengal board
  • Kulberia Bhimdeb Adarsha Vidyapith :A school under West Bengal board
  • Bhander Beria Debendra High School : A school under West Bengal board
  • Kakgechia Satyanarayan High School : A school under West Bengal board
  • Jogikhop Girl High School : A school under West Bengal board
  • Banhichar High School : A school under West Bengal board
  • Kelomal Santoshini High School : A school under West Bengal board
  • Nakibasan High School : A school under West Bengal board
  • Daharpur Tapashili High School
  • Salgechia High School
  • Zilla Public School

Colleges

::figure[src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/fb/Tamralipta_Mahavidyalaya.jpg" caption="[[Tamralipta Mahavidyalaya"] ::

Landmarks and tourist places

::figure[src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/ae/Riverside_tamluk.jpg" caption="Rupnarayan Riverside Tamluk"] ::

  • Rupnarayan river bank: The bank of river Rupnarayan is famous for picnic.
  • Devi Barghobhima: Nearly 1150-year-old Temple of Kali named as Devi Bargobhima. This temple is a part of 51 Shakti Peethas. Puranas say that the small finger of left feet of Sati/Parvati fell here when Lord Vishnu cut the sacred Body of Goddess Sati into several pieces to pacify Lord Shiva.
  • Tamluk Rajbari: Located on the outskirts of town, the old ruined royal abode of the Bhanj dynasty (Mayur/Peacock), is a tourist destination.
  • Rakhit Bati: It is another place to visit in Tamluk. In the beginning of 19th century it was a secret centre of the then revolutionary party Anusilan Samiti & Gupta samiti. The historian late Shri Tailakyanath Rakhit rebuilt this building.
  • Geonkhali: At geonkhali river Rupnarayan joins Hooghly river.

Notable people

Gallery

Image: Khudiram Bose 1905.jpg|Khudiram Bose Image: Tamluk Junction railway station.jpg|Tamluk Junction railway station Image: Tamluk Junction Foot-over Bridge.jpg |Tamluk Junction Foot-over Bridge Image:A view from foot over bridge.jpg |A view of station from foot overbridge Image:Tamluk, rupnarayan river.jpg|Rupnarayan river bank, Tamluk Image:Ruined royal palace of Tamluk, a heritage building in East Medinipur 19.jpg|Ruined royal palace of Tamluk Image:Bargabhima, the ancient temple of Tamluk in Purba Medinipur district 07.jpg|Bargabhima, the ancient temple of Tamluk Image:East Medinipur District and Session Court at Tamluk, Old and New building 02.jpg|East Medinipur District and Session Court at Tamluk

References

References

  1. "Tamluk Info".
  2. "Fact and Figures".
  3. "52nd Report of the Commissioner for Linguistic Minorities in India". [[Ministry of Minority Affairs]].
  4. Paul, Santanu. (2022-05-26). "Tamralipta, the ancient port city of India".
  5. "Purba Medinipur {{!}} District Administration {{!}} India".
  6. Dilip K. Chakrabarti. (2001). "Archaeological Geography of the Ganga Plain: The Lower and the Middle Ganga". Orient Blackswan.
  7. Schendel, Willem van. (2009-02-12). "A History of Bangladesh". Cambridge University Press.
  8. (1994-01-01). "Tamralipti: The Ancient Port of India". Studies in History and Culture.
  9. "History {{!}} Purba Medinipur {{!}} India".
  10. Puri, Baij Nath. (1966). "Cities of Ancient India". Meenakshi Prakashan.
  11. Choudhury, Pratap Chandra. (1988). "Assam-Bengal Relations from the Earliest Times to the Twelfth Century A.D.". Spectrum Publications.
  12. (2019). "Medieval Endowment Cultures in Western India: Buddhist and Muslim Encounters – Some Preliminary Observations". Mondes de l'Asie du Sud et de l'Asie Centrale.
  13. Paine, Lincoln. (2014-02-06). "The Sea and Civilization: A Maritime History of the World". Atlantic Books.
  14. Ramachandran, T. N.. (1951). "Tāmraliptī (Taṁluk)". Artibus Asiae.
  15. Bhaumick, Manoranjan. (2001). "History, Culture, and Antiquities of Tāmralipta". Punthi Pustak.
  16. Pinakpani. (2023-08-20). "English: Bargabhima, the ancient temple of Tamluk in Purba Medinipur district".
  17. "District Statistical Handbook 2014 Purba Medinipur". Department of Statistics and Programme Implementation, Government of West Bengal.
  18. "Tamluk PS". Purba Medinipur District Police.
  19. Ganguly, Pranab. "Population Trends in Midnapore District, West Bengal, 1872–1981". Vidyasagar University.
  20. "Census of India: Tamluk".
  21. "Tamralipta Mahaviyalaya". TM.
  22. Shashwati Pandit. (2 February 2021). "Bargabhima temple: seeking an unknown mystery". IIJCRT.
  23. ".:: Dr. Mani Lal Bhaumik ::.".

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