Symphurus

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Genus of fishes

title: "Symphurus" type: doc version: 1 created: 2026-02-28 author: "Wikipedia contributors" status: active scope: public tags: ["cynoglossidae", "taxa-named-by-constantine-samuel-rafinesque", "marine-fish-genera"] description: "Genus of fishes" topic_path: "general/cynoglossidae" source: "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Symphurus" license: "CC BY-SA 4.0" wikipedia_page_id: 0 wikipedia_revision_id: 0

::summary Genus of fishes ::

| image = Symphurus arawak - pone.0010676.g189.png | image_caption = Symphurus arawak | image2 = Symphurus ommaspilus - pone.0010676.g190.png | image2_caption = Symphurus ommaspilus | taxon = Symphurus | authority = Rafinesque, 1810 | type_species = Symphurus nigrescens | type_species_authority = Rafinesque, 1810 | synonyms =

  • Ammopleurops Günther, 1862
  • Glossichthys Gill, 1861

Symphurus is a genus of fish in the family Cynoglossidae found in the Atlantic, Indian and Pacific Ocean. Most species mainly occur in relatively shallow water, including estuaries. Some species are also found in deeper water, including S. thermophilus that lives at hydrothermal vents (the only flatfish known from this habitat). These species are distinguished by merged dorsal, caudal and anal fins, the absence of a lateral line and pectoral fins, and the presence of only one pelvic fin. They are sinistral flatfishes, meaning that as adults, their crania are asymmetrical, with both eyes on the left side. The largest species grows to about 32 cm long.

Species

There are currently 78 recognized species in this genus:

References

References

  1. Tyler, J. (2005): Distribution, population characteristics and trophic ecology of a sulphophilic hydrothermal vent tonguefish (Pleuronectiformes: Cynoglossidae). ''Master of Science. Thesis. University of Victoria: Canada.''
  2. Munroe, T.A. & Hashimoto, J. (2008): A new Western Pacific Tonguefish (Pleuronectiformes: Cynoglossidae): The first Pleuronectiform discovered at active Hydrothermal Vents. ''Zootaxa, 1839: 43–59.''
  3. Lee, M.-Y., Munroe, T.A. & Shao, K.-T. (2014): Description of a new cryptic, shallow-water tonguefish (Pleuronectiformes: Cynoglossidae: ''Symphurus'') from the western North Pacific Ocean. ''Journal of Fish Biology, 85 (3): 563–585.''
  4. Lee, M.-Y., Munroe, T.A. & Kai, Y. (2016): Description of a new cryptic species of tonguefish (Pleuronectiformes: Cynoglossidae: ''Symphurus'') from shallow waters off Japan. ''Ichthyological Research, 64 (1): 71–83.''
  5. Munroe, T.A., Tyler, J. & Tunnicliffe, V. (2011): Description and biological observations on a new species of deepwater symphurine tonguefish (Pleuronectiformes: Cynoglossidae: ''Symphurus'') collected at Volcano–19, Tonga Arc, West Pacific Ocean. ''Zootaxa, 3061: 53-66.''

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cynoglossidaetaxa-named-by-constantine-samuel-rafinesquemarine-fish-genera